venus专题训练八 饮食、卫生与健康-中考英语阅读理解专题训练

2021年1月24日发(作者：优点的英文)

专题训练八


饮食、卫生与健康







Passage 1

Many
people
travel
to
different
places
in
the
world
by
air.
Usually
it
takes
a
long
time,
perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plane. So airlines(
航空公司
) offer passengers food.
But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree?
To
solve
this
problem,
airlines
try
hard
to
improve
their
food.
They
would
like
to
do
so
because they don't want to lose customers.
However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that
at high altitude(
海拔
) we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also scientists have
found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the
change in air pressure(
气压
) reduces one third of the sensibility(
感觉
) of our taste buds(
味蕾
). So
our taste buds become senseless. The sad fact, however, is that our noses don't know it.
All of these help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why
airlines
choose
to
offer
passengers
salty
and
spicy(
辛辣的
)
food.
Without
doing
so,
the
food
would be tasteless.
Now
there

are
many
researches
on
this.
According
to
one
of
them,
some
volunteers
are
asked
to
lie
with
their
feet
higher
than
their
heads
for
weeks.
And
scientists
write
down
their
feelings about food taste.
Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they can't deal with
the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is
still hard for them.
(


)1. In Paragr
aph 2, “
this problem
” means ________
．

A. passengers stay long in the plane
B. food on the plane

tastes bad

C. passengers have no food to eat

D. food on the plane is expensive
(


)2. What do airlines do to solve this problem?
A. Get more customers.



B. Offer more food.


C. Improve their food.

D. Reduce the ticket price.
(


)3.
As
the
plane
moves
up,
the
change
in
air
pressure
reduces
________
of
the
sensibility of our taste buds.
A. half


B. one third


C. one fourth


D. one fifth
(


)4. Why do scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane taste good?
A. The volunteers don't know about food taste.
B. The volunteers don't understand them.
C. They can't find enough volunteers.
D. They can't deal with the special environment successfully.
(


)5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Taste of Airplane Food


B. Airplane Travel
C. Scientific Research on Noses


D. The Change in Air Pressure



Passage 2

It seems that school children all over the world complain(
抱怨
)about their school food. What
do students of your age eat for lunch at school in other countries?
Japan

High schools have dining rooms. They serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers
and chips. Other children bring food from home, such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(
泡
菜
)and vegetables. Twice a year parents are invited to

have a taste of the food.
United States

A
typical
menu
from
a
US
school
is
made
up
of
a
hamburger
with
fried
potatoes
or
roast
chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one third
of
the
daily
amount(
总量
)of
necessary
nutrition(
营养
)
，
such
as,
vitamin
A,
vitamin
C
and
calcium(
钙
)
．

Australia

Meat
pies,
sausage
rolls(
香肠卷
)and
hotdogs
are
all
traditional
dishes
in Australian
school
shops. But as the country pays more attention to children's health, healthier foods have started to


appear
on
school
menus.
Many
schools
have

used
a
traffic
light
system.
The
sale
of
red
labeled(
标注
)foods,
including
cookies,
chocolate
and
soft
drinks,
is
served
only
twice
a
week.
Healthier
green
labeled
foods
such
as
sushi,
sandwiches,
corn
and
watermelons,
however,
are
available every day.
South Africa

Most
of
South African
schools
do not
serve
meals
at
all.
Classes
end at
1
：
30 p
．
m.
and
students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.
Fast food and fried food sell

the best among students. As a result, it

has caused a rise in
obesity(
肥胖
)among children. But as more people began to realize that being too fat may cause
different
kinds
of
serious
illnesses,
some
schools
in
towns
have
led
the
way
towards
better
nutrition. Now students at these schools are offered lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as
cabbage, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes.
(


)1. High schools in Japan serve________
．

A. noodles and rice

B. burgers and rice balls
C. chips and vegetables

D. fish and roast chicken
(


)2. From the passage, we know the typical menu from a US school is________
．

A. delicious

B. quite healthy
C. not very healthy

D. popular in South Africa
(


)3. Which are traditional dishes in Australia?
A. Meat pies and hotdogs.

B. Chocolate and soft drinks.
C. Cookies and sushi.

D. Sandwiches and corn.
(


)4. In South Africa
，
________
．

A. most students have sandwiches and vegetables for lunch
B. students like fast food and fried food very much

C. more and more students become ill
D. students realized that fast food and fried food were bad for their health
(


)5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Parents in Japan are invited to taste the food twice a year.
B. In the United States, school lunches must provide at least one third of the daily amount of
necessary nutrition.


C. In Australia, many schools have used a traffic light system.
D. In South Africa, schools don't serve meals.


Passage 3





Why
is
clean
water
so
important
to
developing
countries?
A
recent
report
shows
that
about
80
percent
of
diseases
in
developing
countries
are
caused
by
poor
water
and
low
sanitation(
卫生
)conditions.
In
those
countries,
women
and
girls
spend
several
hours
collecting
water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences
their
health.
In
this
case,
there
is
an
urgent(
迫切的
)
need
for
people
in
developing
countries
to
have access to(
有机会或权利使用
) clean water to improve their health.
Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-
year-
old girl in Niger. Having access to clean
water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-
washing when the school first
received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn't eat with me
unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to
tell me what to do
！
” Stunned(
目瞪口呆的
), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In
protest,_
Hadjara
refused
to
eat
dinner
that
night.
After
her
father
questioned
Hadjara's
head
teacher, he understood the importance of hand-
washing and his daughter's intentions(
目的
). The
girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.
For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve
their health. So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is
important to people all over the world.
(


)1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause
________
．

A. traffic problems


B. forest fires


C. many illnesses
(


)2.
The
key
to
improving
people's
health
in
developing
countries
is
________
in
Paragraph 1.