视图如何写好英文合同(中英文对照)

2021年1月24日发(作者：event是什么意思)
如何写好英文合同
(
中英文对照
)
Before You Write the First Word


第一部分：在动笔之前


1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list,
outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the
agreement. < br>1.
要求你的客户列出合同交易的要点，也可以说是合同的清单、目录或概述。这一招首
先帮助你的客户弄清合同的重点所在。


2. Engage your client in
many
possible
factual
situations
and
express
the
parties’
understanding
in
case
those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues
you may not otherwise consider.
2.
让你的客户提供一些假设可能发生 的情况。好的合同不仅能够预见到许多可能发生的
情况，而且还能清楚地描述出发生这些情况后合同双方 的立场。和客户聊这些情况将有
助于你发现一些你可能没有考虑到的问题。


3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar
transactions
in
the
past
or
they
have
access
to
contracts
for
similar
transactions.
3.
请 求你的客户提供类似的合同。通常情况下，客户都保留着过去的交易记录或者是类
似合同。


4. Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form. Many times
you
can
find
a
similar
form
on
your
computer.
It
may
be
one
you
prepared
for
another
client
or
one
you
negotiated
with
another
lawyer.
Just
remember
to
find
and
replace
the
old
client’s
name.
Starting
with
an
existing
form
saves
time
and
avoids
the
errors of typing.
4.
在办公室的电脑中或是在因特网上搜索 类似的合同本。通常你会在你的电脑上找到你
想要的东西，这些类似的合同本要么是你给其他客户准备的 ，要么是你和其他的律师共
同协商起草的。使用这些旧合同可以为你节省时间和避免打印错误，不过，用 这些合同
本时别忘了替换掉老客户的名字。


5. Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM. Typical forms of contracts can be found in
form
books,
such
as
West’s
Legal
Forms
(a
nationwide
set)
and
Florida
Jur
Forms,
as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications. These can be used as
the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical
provisions
and
wording
to
include
in
the
contract.
Many
treatises
and
form
books
now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.
5.
从书中或者是光盘上获取合同本。典型的合同本在一些例书中都 可能找到：比如
,
西方
法律文书（全国版）佛罗里达州文书期刊，另外，在有些论文和 佛罗里达州律师协会的
法律继续教育出版物中也可以找到一些。起草合同时，你可以把这些本当做原始资 料，
利用其中某些典型的条款和措词。更为方便的是，许多论文和书中的合同本都有电子文
本储 存在磁盘或光盘中。


6.
Don’t
let
your
client
sign
a
letter
of
intent
without
this
wording.
Sometimes
clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is
prepared. A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times. Just be
sure
that
the
letter
of
intent
clearly
states
that
it
is
not
a
contract,
but
that
it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes. See Appendix
C.
6.
如果没有特别申明，不要让你的客户在意向书上签字。有时候，在合同未准备好之前，客户为了表示诚意，往往急于签署某些东西，当然，在这种情况下，如果客户急于签署
的是有特别申 明的意向书，这也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向书并非合同，只是双
方为了更好地沟通协商，而拟定 的对未来条款的概述。类似意向书的例见附录
C
。


Writing that First Word

第二部分：开始起草合同


7. Start with a simple, generic contract form. The form in Appendix A is such
a form. It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract.
Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.
7.
从简单、典型的合同入手。附录
A就是一个简单、典型的合同，它提供了一个合同的
基本支架。像房子一样，一个合同必须有一个牢固 的根基。


8.
State
the
correct
legal
names
of
the
parties
in
the
first
paragraph.
As
obvious
as this is, it is
one
of
the most common problems
in contracts.
For individuals,
include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other
identifying
information,
if
appropriate,
such
as
Jr.,
M.D.,
etc.
For
corporations,
check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.
8.
在合同的第一段要写清楚双方 的名称。，这是个简单而又不得不引起重视的问题。如
果是个人
，
要写清姓和名
,
中间有大写字母和其他身份信息的
，
也要注明
，
例如
：
jr.,M.D,
等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核 对一下。


9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first
paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin
would be nicknamed
9.
确定合同双方的别称
（简称）
。
为便于阅 读
，
一般要在合同的第一段为双方弄一个别称，
如：将詹姆士
.
马丁 简写为

马丁

。


10. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use
a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use
you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify
the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.
10.
使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时，要小心。除非一方当事人在法定上就是承包人，否则不要将

承包人

作为其别称。同样，除非你想让一方当事人成为法 定上的代理
人，否则不要称其为

代理人

，如果坚持要用，最好明确一 下代理围并找到其他可以避
免将来争执的方案。


11. Include a blank for
the date
in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the
first
paragraph
makes
it
easy
to
find
after
the
contract
is
signed.
It
also
makes
it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as
the
11.
在合同的第一段要为书 写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放在第一段，当合同签署
后，你就能够很容易地找到它，而且，这样做 还可以给你在其他相关文件中准确地描述
这个合同提供帮助，例如：不动产买卖合同，订立于
2 000
年
12
月
20
日


12.
Include
to
provide
background.
Recitals
are
the

clauses
that
precede
the
body
of
a
contract.
They
provide
a
simple
way
to
bring
the
contra
ct’s
reader
(party,
judge
or
jury)
up
to
speed
on
what
the
contract
is
about,
who
the
parties
are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of
the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are
true
and
correct.
This
will
avoid
a
later
argument
as
to
whether
or
not
the
recitals
are a legally binding part of the contract.
12.
书写引述语。引述 语是指那些放在合同主体前面的

鉴于

条款。书写此类条款的目的
是为 了让读者（通常指合同双方，法官，陪审团）很快地了解到合同的主要容是什么，
合同双方是谁，以及他 们为什么签订合同，等等。当然，合同主体的第一段也可以加上
引述语并述其是真实准确的，如果这样做 了，合同双方将来就不会争执：引述语作为合
同的一部分是否具有法律效力？


13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in
their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion.
It is not necessary to write them all at once; you can write them as you think
of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent
paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract’s initial paragraph
headings like this:
Recitals.
Employment.
Duties.
Term.
Compensation.
13.
按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词
.
合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺序组织起来的，当
然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的标题词， 想到多少就写多少，不过，这些标题词
要力求总结出每个段落或相关段落的容。比如：撰写劳动合同时列 出的标题词就像下面
这些：

引述语

聘用

职责

期限

赔偿


14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that
paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain
in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.
14.在撰写每一段时要注意容集中，不要东拉西扯，是的，这很简单，你可能上小学时就
学过，但我还是 要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分别说明合同双方同意做什么，不
同意做什么。


15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of
additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down
on
a
pad
as
you
write;
they
are
easily
forgotten.
Also
keep
your
client’s
outline
and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write
them.
15.
放一个便笺簿在手边 ，以便记下需要添加的条款。在书写合同的同时，你可能随时会
想到一些需要添加条款、措词和问题，要 尽快记在便笺簿上，因为他们太容易忘了。另
外，你最好将客户列出的要点和一些类似的合同本也放在眼 前，以便在书写过程中随时
查对。


16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity.
Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once; it is almost
impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is
a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you
use
an
example
to
clarify
a
difficult
concept
or
formula,
be
sure
that
all
possible
meanings
are
considered
and
that
the
example
is
accurate
and
consistent
with
the
concept as worded.
16.
除非是为了更清 晰地说明问题，否则不要在合同中重复述某个容。将一个事实来回地
说很容易让人模棱两可。如果你将一 个概念重复地解释，那理解起来就更有困难。另外，
如果你想通过一个例子来阐明一个难以理解的概念或 规则时，一定要考虑到其所有的含
义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。



What to Watch Out for When Writing

第三部分：撰写时的注意事项


17. Title it
a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once
ruled that a document entitled
by both parties. The lesson learned is,
document
to
be
a
legally
binding
contract,
use
the
word

in
the
title. 17.
标题上注明

合同

两字。不要为碰运气而忽略这个。如果你 的客户需要合同，就要注
明是合同。一个仍在联邦法院里任职的法官就曾经裁定：有双方签字，但标有< br>
建议书

的文件并非合同。这给我们的教训就是，你怎么想，就应该怎么说。如果 你想让你的文
件成为具有法律效力的合同，就要在标题中注明

合同

字 样。


18.
Write
in
short
sentences.
Short
sentences
are
easier
to
understand
than
long
ones.
18.
写短句子，因为短句子比长句子让人更容易理解。


19.
Write
in
active
tense,
rather
than
passive.
Active
tense
sentences
are
shorter
and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of
active:
Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.
19.
用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言，主动语态的句子更简短，措词更 精练，表达
更明白。还是让我们来来看一个例子吧，主动语态的句子：卖方将把此物卖给买方
;
被动
语态的句子：此物将被卖方卖给买方。


20. Don’t use the word
other week. The same applies to
or
20.
不要用“双周”之类的词，因为这有可能产生歧 义是两周还是每隔一周？类似的词还
有

双月

所以最好这样写
:
两周

或

每隔一周

。


21. Don’t say things like
writing either
termites.

apply to both nouns or just the first one. If you intend it to apply to both,
use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun. If you
intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list
and the modifier directly in front of it.
21.
不要说

活动 着的白蚁和有机体

之类的话，为了避免模棱两可，最好这样写：“活动
着的白蚁和活动 着的有机体”或是“白蚁和活动着的有机体”。当一组名词（如

白蚁和
有机体

）前有一个修饰语（如

活动着的

）时，你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是 修饰两个
名词还是仅仅修饰第一个名词。如果是修饰两个词，可以用排比的手法分别在这两个词
之前加上修饰语，
如果你只想修饰一个名词
，那么你就应该把这个词放在这组词的最后，
然后在它的前面加上修饰语。


22.
Don’t
say

and

These
are
bad
nicknames
for
a
lease
because
they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use
same
applies
to
lienor
and
lienee,
mortgagor
and
mortgagee,
grantor
and
grantee,
licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is where you can use your
creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use
it consistently throughout the contract.
22.
不要说“出租人”和“承租人”。这对一个租赁合同来说是些不好的别称，因为他们
容易 被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“房东”和“房客”来代替他们。同样，在合同
中也不要说留置权人和 留置人，抵押权人和抵押人，保证人和被保证人，许可人和被许
可人，当事人
A
和当事 人
B......
到底怎么说，这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了，不过，要
把握的一条原 则，即在整个合同中，对合同一方只能用一个别称。


23. Watch out when using
the
contract
or
anywhere
in
the
paragraph?
Clarify
this
ambiguity
if
it
matters.
23.
使用术语“本文（
herein
，也可 译为”“在这里”）时要当心。为了避免含糊不清，
使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个 合同，还是指其所在的某一段落。


24.
Write
numbers
as
both
words
and
numerals:
ten
(10).
This
will
reduce
the
chance
for errors.
24.
写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用，如：拾（
10
）
。这将减少一些 不经意的错误。


25. When you write
intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it
is merely an example.
25.
如果你想用

包括

这个词 ，就要考虑在其后加上

但不限于
.....
的分句。除非你能
够列出 所有被包括的项，
否则最好用

但不限于
....
的分句
，来 说明你只是想举个例子。


26. Don’t rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned
in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your
contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter
what
rules
they
learned,
the
contract
is
clear
and
unambiguous.
Follow
this
test
for
clear
writing:
Remove
all
periods
and
commas,
then
read
it.
Choosing
the
right
words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without
punctuation.