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如何正确使用even及其构成的短语.doc

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2021年1月24日发(作者:色阶)

如何正确使用副词
even
及其构成的短语

余明朝

陕西省商南县高级中学


【作者简介】余明朝,男,陕西省商南县高级中学,文学学士,一级教师,
市级
“教
学能手”
,陕西省翻译协会会员,中国教育学会会员
。近年来,在省级以上刊 物公开发表英
语教学文章三十余篇。主要研究方向:英语教学。本文题目:如何正确使用副词
e ven
及其
构成的短语。


当问到英语中副词
even< br>该如何使用时,同学们会异口同声地说,副词主要用来修饰动
词、形容词,放在
be动词、助动词之后,实意动词之前。事实上,这只是其一。中学英语
课本中除了副词的基本用法以外 ,还有许多我们应该掌握的特殊用法。如果再问及
even

成的短语及其用法,恐怕 答得上来的就更少了。
even
构成的短语包括
even if, even though,
even when, even so, even worse, even now, even then, even as
等。下面笔者针对如何正确使用
副词
even
及其构成的短语进行解析,并列举一些实例加以说明,旨在帮助大家理解和掌握
有关 副词
even
及其构成短语的用法。



一、正确使用副词
even
1.
使用含有
even
的句子使句子表达的语气更强。例如:

He loses everything. He even lost his own wedding ring!

他失去了一切。他甚至失去了自
己的结婚戒指
!
John has amnesia, and he can't remember anything about the past. He can't even remember
his own name!

约翰有健忘症,他不记得任何关于过去的事情。他甚至不记得自己的名字
!
He could become anything. He could even become President of the United States!
他可能成
为一个了不起的人。他甚至可能成为美国总统!

2.
如同
much

……
得多),
far
(远远),

a lot

……
得多),
still(
甚至
)< br>等,

副词
even
修饰比较级,加强比较的程度,

更加,甚至

之意。例如:

This story is even more interesting than that one.
这个故事比那个更有趣。

I made even more mistakes than you.
我犯的错误比你多多了。

This time he did it even better.
这次他做得还要好。

3.
副词
even
在一定的语境中隐含着比较的意义,也可理解为隐含着引申的意义。例如:

She didn't even see me.
隐含的意义:
In love, she doesn't love me.
It is hot even in winter.
隐含的意义:
It must have been very hot in summer.
Even a child can understand it.
隐含的意义:
Adults must have understood it.
Will you even be there?
隐含的意义:
I'm afraid you not only won't participate, you won't
show up at all.
Can't you even be polite?
隐含的意义:
If you can't be/act how I want, can you at least be
polite?.
4.
副词
even
表示

甚至;连
……

……”
之意时,其位置应靠 近所强调的词或词组。在
句中位置不同,句意就不同,位置放错将会影响整个句子的意思。



1

even
在句中的位置比较灵活,应置于它所强调 的词语或短语前面。试比较
:


Even he helped me.
甚至他都帮我。
(
强调主语
he)


He even helped me.
他甚至帮助我。
(
强调谓语
helped)


He helped even me.
他连我都帮助。
(
强调宾语
me)



2

even
在句中的位置不同,语境就不同,全句的意思或重点也就有所不同。例 如:


1

Even she forgot my birthday.

1


2

She even forgot my birthday.

3

She forgot even my birthday.
第一句
even
修饰主语she

意思是,
很多人忘记了我的生日,
甚至连她都忘了我的生日,< br>表示惊奇。第二句
even
修饰动词短语
forgot my birthda y
,意思是,她做了好多不同的事,
包括忘了我的生日。第三句
even
修饰 宾语

my birthday
,意思是,她忘记了好多不一定与我
有关的其 他事,甚至忘了我的生日。


3

系表结构中的
even
应置于系动词之后表语形容词之前,
位置不能放错。
即:
be+ even+
adj.
例如:

He is rude to everybody. He is even rude to the police.
不能是
: He even is rude to the police.
He's even a tenured professor!
不能是:
He even is a tenured professor!

I can't even be bothered to reply.
不能是:
I even can't be bothered to reply.

5. even
单独使用时,不能用作连词来连接让步状语从句。只有
even if/even though
可以
引导让步状语从句。例如:

错误句子:

Even I clean and polish it, it still won't look new.
Even I've cleaned it and polished it, it still doesn't look new.

正确句子:

Even if I clean and polish it, it still
won’t
look new.

即使我清洗和抛光它,它仍然会看起
来不新。

Even though I've cleaned it and polished it, it still doesn't look new.
尽管我把它清洗和抛
光了,但它仍然看起来不新。

6. even

still
在上下文的逻辑关系中起着

篇章纽带

作用。它们拥有共同的用法。



1
)两者都可构成短语
even less

still less
,意为

更不用说

。例如
:


We fear no death, still less difficulties.
我们死都不怕,更不用说困难了。



Mr. Brown knows little of English, and even less of French.
布朗先生几乎不懂英语,
更不用
说法语了。



2
)两者均可用在比较级前,加强语气,意为

更加; 甚至还要
……”
等。例如
:


A still brighter future for our motherland lies ahead.
祖国更加美好的未来呈现在我们面
前。



He studies even harder than ever before.
他学习比以前更加努力了。

二、正确使用与
even
构成的短语

worse
(更糟的是)的同义表达是:
worse still/ what's worse
。在句中作插入语。
例如:

I woke up late this morning because the alarm clock did not work. Worse still/Even worse/
what’s w
orse, there was a traffic accident in my neighborhood. I was late for two hours.
今天早
上,我醒得晚,因为闹钟没响。更糟 的是,我家附近发生了一起交通事故。因此迟到了两个
小时。

但要注意下面句子中有关
worse
的使用,切勿混淆:

1

Even worse, I got sick that night!
更糟糕的是,那天晚上我生病了
!
2

My wife lost her son, so her hurt is even worse than mine.
我妻子在地震中失去了儿子,
她心里的痛比我更严重。

3

You make matters even worse.
你让事情更糟。

4

What's worse, I lost my job.

更糟糕的是,我失去了工作。

5

Do you know what's worse than failure?
你知道什么比失败更糟糕的吗
?

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