-
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1
、主语:
表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在
there
be
结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和
倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动 词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形
容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
(乡村音乐)
has become more and more popular.
(名词)
(我们)
often speak English in class.
(代词)
(三分之一)
of the students in this class are girls.
(数词)
(游泳)
in the river is a great pleasure.
(不定式)
(吸烟)
does harm to the health.
(动名词)
(富人)
should help the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
(什么时候我们参加考试)
has not been decided.
(主语从句)
It
is necessary
(学会一门外语)
.
(
it
作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式 )
2
、
谓语:
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以 有不同的时态,语态和语气。
1)
简单谓语:
We
(学习)
for the people.
2)
复合谓语:
I
(可以说)
a little English.
We
(正在读)
books.
He
(已经去了)
to
Beijing..
3
、表语
:
它位于系动词
(
比如
be)
之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
My sister is
(一个护士)
.
The ruler
must be
(在你的包里)
(介
Is it
(你的)
?
(代词)
词短语)
The weather has turned
cold
.
(形容词)
Time is
(到了)
. The class is
(结束)
.
(副词)
The speech is
exciting.
(分词)
The truth is
(他没有去过
Three times seven is
twenty one
?
(数词)
国外)
.
(表语从句)
His job is
(教英语)
.
(
不定式)
His hobby
(爱好)
is
(打篮球)
(动名词)
4
、宾语
:
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,
We like
(英语)
.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have
(5本字典)
.
(数词)
They helped
(老人)
with their housework yesterday.
(名词化形容词)
It began
(下雨)
.
(不定式短语)
I enjoy
(喜欢听流行音乐)
.
(动名词短语)
I think
(他适合
be fit for
这份工作)
(宾语从句)
有 些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave
(
给我一些墨水)
.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语 构成复合宾语。如:
We make
(让他成为我们的班长
monitor)
.
5
、宾补
:
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的
I see you
(
正在横穿马路)
.
His father named him
David
.
(名词)
They painted
(涂漆)
their boat
(
白色的)
.
(形容词)
Let the fresh
(新鲜的)
air
(进来)
.
(副词)
You mustn’t force him
.
(不定式短语)
We saw her
(正走进办公室)
.
(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab
(井然有序
order
)
.
(介词短语)
第
1
页
共
1
页
6
、定语
:
在句中修饰
名词或代词
的成分叫定语。
He
is
(新生)
student.
但副词,动词不定式,介词
短语等作定语时,则 放在被修饰的词
之后
。
The bike
(在那个方房间)
is mine.
Guilin is a
(漂亮的)
city.
(形容词)
China is a
(发展中)
country; America is a
(发达)
country.
(分词)
There are thirty
(女性的)
teachers is our school.
(名词)
(她的)
progress
(进步)
in English made us surprised.
(代词)
Our monitor
(班长)
is always the first
(进教室的人)
.
(不定式短语)
He is reading an article(
文章
)
(关于如何学好英语)
.
(介词短语)
7
、状语
:
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语 一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives
(在伦敦)
.
Light travels
(最快的)
.
(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city
(
十年了)
.
(介词短语)
He is sorry
(
打扰你了)
.
(不定式短语)
He is in the room
.
(制造了一架模型飞机)
(分词短语)
(一旦你开始)
, you must continue.
(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again
(六点钟)
?
(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party
(由于下雨)
.
(原因状语)
I shall go there
(假如不下雨)
.
(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives
(在三楼)
.
(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket
(小心翼翼的)
.
(方式状语)
She came in
(手里边拿着一本字典)
.
(伴随状语)
(为了赶上其他人)
, I must work harder.
(目的状语)
(
in order to
)
He was so tired
(
以至于他立马就睡着了)
.
(结果状语)
She works very hard
(尽管他年龄很大)
.
(让步状语)
I am taller
(比他高)
.
(比较状语)
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,
但仔细观察不外乎五个基 本句式。
这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句
子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这 五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:
S
十
V
主谓结构
主语
+
不及物动词
8. Tom came to ask me for advice
(建议)
.
9. He found it important to master English.
10. Do you have anything else to say?
11. Would you please tell me your address?
12. He sat there
,
reading a newspaper.
is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed
(注意到)
a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
S
十
V
十
P
主系表结构
主语
+
连系动词
+表语
第
2
页
共
2
页
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
本文更新与2021-01-24 21:38,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/562549.html
-
上一篇:英语十大词性句子成分及五种基本句型
下一篇:英文长难句分析之精华