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(精篇1)2019-2020高中英语中心发言提纲

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2021-01-24 22:24
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2021年1月24日发(作者:过去式的英文)
经典教育资料

四川省宜宾市一中
2017-2018
学年高中英语中心发言提纲

专题
09
—阅读理解(科技说明文)

1.

2017
年高考江苏卷英语】

B
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even
distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic

learning (
胎教
), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in
The Auk: Ornithological
Advances
, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (
孵化
). New-born
chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enteri
ng the world.

This
educational
method
was
first
observed
in
2012
by
Sonia
Kleindorfer,
a
biologist
at
Flinders
University
in
South
Australia,
and
her
colleagues.
Female
Australian
superb
fairy
wrens
were
found
to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,
the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers

a sound that served as their regular

feed me!

call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the
red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data
from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging
calls
by
analyzing
the
order
and
number
of
notes.
A
computer
analysis
blindly
compared
calls
produced
by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the
more
frequently
mothers
had
called
to
their
eggs,
the
more
similar
were
the
babies’
begging
calls.
In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most
closely imitated their mom
’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

经典教育资料一

经典教育资料

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (
神经系
统的
)
strengths
of
children
to
parents.
An
evolutionary
inference
can
then
be
drawn.

As
a
parent,
do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?

Kleindorfer
asks.

Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.


underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means

__________

.
A. be the worst

B. be the best

C. be the as bad
D. be just as good
59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?

A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.
B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.

C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.

D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which __________.
A. can receive quality signals
C. fit the environment better


B. are in need of training
D. make the loudest call

60.
C
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的"the
baby
birds
that
most
closely
imitated
their
mom’s
voice
were
rewarded with the most food
"和最后一段"
Our results suggest that they might be going for
q uality.
"可知,模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物,研究结果表明,母亲会选择质量好 的
雏鸟。由此可知,胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。

2.
【江苏省泰州市泰州中学
2018
届高三上学期开学考试】

B
The ability to speak more than one language certainly has its special benefits. It enables
you
to
work
in
another
country
or
interact
with
people
whose
language
is
different
from
your
mother
经典教育资料一

经典教育资料

tongue. Cognitive
(认知的)
psychologists have been interested in how bilingualism
(双语能力)
shapes
the
mind
for
almost
a
century.
There
are
those
who
suggest
that
in
order
to
speak
one
language,
bilinguals
have
to
suppress
(抑制)
the
influence
of
the
other.
In
the
past
three
decades,
research
had argued that this unique form of language processing trains the brain in the use of abilities
known as
(执行的)
functions
attention. Bilinguals of different ages and cultural backgrounds have been shown to be faster
and
more
accurate
than
their
monolingual
(单语的)
peers
when
performing
cognitive
tasks
demanding
these abilities. Furthermore, it has been argued that bilingualism may lead to a delayed onset
(发作)
of symptoms associated with dementia
(痴呆)
.
But the scientific community recently has become increasingly skeptical of the bilingual
advantage. One of the main points of criticism is that differences between monolinguals and
bilinguals
when
it comes to executive functions
are not
always apparent. It appears that research
on
bilingualism
is
at
a
turning
point.
We
need
to
pursue
a
new
approach
to
understand,
beyond
those
individual examples of executive functions, how the bilingual mind works. We have attempted to
address this challenge by testing whether bilinguals and monolinguals differ in terms of how
accurately they can assess their own performances. This ability is called meta cognition and is
associated with other areas where bilinguals have been shown to have an advantage.
In our research, we presented participants with a situation in which they had to observe two
circles
on
a
screen
and
guess
which
one
contained
more
dots.
Sometimes
the
difference
was
obvious,
making the decision easy, while at other times the decision was very difficult (for example, one
circle
contained
50
dots
and
the
other
49).
Participants
were
then
asked
to
determine
how
confident
they were in their decision on a scale from less to more confident than normal.
During the course of two experiments, we found that bilinguals and monolinguals were equally
likely
to
choose
the
circle
containing
the
highest
number
of
dots.
However,
monolinguals
were
better
able than bilinguals to discriminate between when they were right and when they were wrong. In
other
words,
bilinguals
had
less
insight
into
their
performance
than
monolinguals.
This
went
against
our
initial
predictions,
as
we
expected
to
find
a
bilingual
advantage
in
meta
cognitive
processing.
These results indicate that bilingualism may be associated with cognitive disadvantages as well
as benefits.
1. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that nowadays the scientific community______.
A. has denied the special benefits of bilingualism
经典教育资料一

经典教育资料

B. has changed its way to understand how the bilingual mind works
C. thinks there is almost no difference between monolinguals and bilinguals
D. tries to prove whether monolinguals have more advantages than bilinguals
2. How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes.

C. By following time order.








B. By describing a process.

D. By making a comparison.

3. What is the author's attitude towards bilingualism?
A. Supportive.
【答案】
BDC
【分析】

1.
细节判断题。根据第二段的
It
appears
that
research
on
bilingualism
is
at
a
turning
point.
We
need
to pursue a new approach to understand, beyond those individual examples of executive functions,
how the bilingual mind works.
可知现在研究对于双语思维如何工作的理解方法发生了改变。

2. < br>推理判断题。题目问:最后一段如何发展?根据最后一段的内容不难看出是将双语和一种语言进行了对比,故选
D


3.
推理判断题。从文中来看,作者既提及了 双语的好处,也提到了双语的缺点,如最后一段中的
In other
words, bilinguals had less insight into their
performance than monolinguals.
。所以态度应该是“客
观的”。


3.
【南京、盐城
2016

2017
学年第一次模拟考试】

C

A little social support fro
m your best buds goes a long way, whether you’re a human or a
chimpanzee (
黑猩猩
). A new study that followed a chimpanzee community in the forests of Uganda
has found that quality time with close companions significantly decreased stress hormone levels
in the primates

whether they were resting, grooming or facing off against rival groups.
The findings, described this week in the journal
Nature Communications
, shed light on the
physiological effects of close companionship in chimpanzees

and could have implications for
human health too.
Researchers have long known that stress can worsen health and raise the risk of early death
in humans as well as other social mammals.
“It
can
have
effects
on
immune
function,
cardio
function,
fertility,
cognition,
and
even
yo
ur
经典教育资料一




B. Doubtful.


C. Objective.
D. Ambiguous.
经典教育资料

mood,” said study coauthor Kevin Langergraber, a primatologist at Arizona State University.

Maintaining close social bonds can help these animals (humans included) reduce some of that
stress, potentially minimizing some health risks. But scientists have yet to pin down the exact
physiological mechanisms at work.
“Social bonds make you survive and produce better —

but how do they do that?” Langergraber
said.
To find out, the international team of researchers studied members of the Sonso chimpanzee
communi
ty
in
Uganda’s
Budongo
Forest,
a
group
consisting
of
15
males,
35
females
and
28
juveniles
and infants during the study period from February 2008 to July 2010.
Like humans, chimpanzees tend to have besties

bond partners with whom they appear to feel
close. The researchers wanted to see whether interactions with these bond partners led to lower
stress levels during particularly stressful situations, such as when fighting rival groups, or
whether time spent with friends helped lower stress levels more generally, throughout the day.
The scientists observed the chimps perform three types of activities: resting, grooming or
quarrelling with other groups of chimps. The researchers kept track of whether the chimps were
doing any of these three things with their bond partners or with other chimps in their group.
A team of up to six observers watched the chimps and followed them around to collect urine
(
尿液
) samples. The samples, collected from nine adult male and eight adult female chimps, were
tested to see how much of the stress hormone cortisol
they
contained.
The
scientists
found
that
chimpanzees’
levels
of
urinary
cortisol
were
23%
lower,
on
average,

during
the
activities
when
they
were
with
their
bond
partner.
This
was
especially
true
for
stressful
activities,
such
as
the
intergroup
rivalries,
where
any
chimp
on
the
front
line
might
face
physical
harm or even death.
The findings in chimpanzees, some of our closest living relatives, could shed light on the
role such close social relationships play in human health too, he said. Such friendships may be
just as important during good times as bad

though more research needs to be done before any
conclusions can be drawn.
“This has interest for a lot of people in a medical context as well,” Langergraber said.

1. The scientists carried out a research into chimpanzee community in Uganda ______.
A. to seek evidence of benefits of social bonds from physiological angle
B. to uncover whether social bonds make humans survive
经典教育资料一

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