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英文论文的结论部分写作要点

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-24 22:29
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2021年1月24日发(作者:定然)
英文论文的结论部分写作要点(
结论、致谢)


8.1
如何写结论

学术文章的结论部分
(Conclusion)
是作者 对有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。结论必须具有
严密的科学性和客观性,它反映本研究课题的价值,同 时对以后的研究具有指导意义。如果文
章中的
Discussion
一节已对研究结果 进行了全面的分析、
综合、
归纳、
推理和总结,
那么
Conclus ion
则可以比较简短。





从某种意义上 说,
Conclusion

Introduction
遥相呼应,
因为
Introduction
部分介绍了本课题
的研究目的,那么
Conc lusion
要告诉读者这些目的是否达到,在研究中做了哪些工作,取得了
什么结果,这些结 果说明了什么问题,有何价值和意义,研究过程中存在或发现了哪些问题,
原因是什么,建议如何解决等 。

8.1.1
结论部分的内容与结构布局





一般来说,结论部分的具体内容及其组织框架如下。

(1)
概括说明本课题的研究内容、结果及其意义与价值。

(2)
比较具体地说 明本研究证明了什么假设或理论,得出了什么结论,研究结果有何实用价值,
有何创造性成果或见解,解 决了什么实际问题,有何应用前景等。

(3)
与他人的相关研究进行比较。

(4)
本课题的局限性、不足之处,还有哪些尚待解决的问题。

(5)
展望前景,或指出进一步研究的方向。





在上面五项内容中,第一、二项是必不可少的。第三、四、五项内容可以根据需要而定。



Overall, our study has revealed a variety of patterns at the community and population levels, none of
which
seem
to
indicate
obvious
decline
in
southeastern
Ohio's
oak-hickory
(
橡树与山核桃科树木
)
forests.
2Clearly,
sporadic
insect
outbreaks,
pathogens
(
病菌
),
and
climatic
events
have
caused
excessive
mortality
of
certain
species
in
certain
stands
(
树林
).
3Some
stands
exhibited
mortality
as
high as 40%. 4However, an average of 20% dead stems in a stand appears to be reasonable without
inferring excessive mortality or decline. 5Likewise, certain species were in an obvious state of decline,
but
these
generally
had
a
clear
pathogenic
explanation.
6Changes
occurring
due
to
insects
and
pathogens may be a natural and necessary phenomenon (Castello et al. 1995). 7Evaluation of decline
symptoms
in
smaller
size
classes
might
provide
additional
useful
information
to
be
used
in
understanding the oak regeneration problem.

1
分析:


3
摘自一篇 关于俄亥俄东南部地区橡树与山核桃科树木生长状况的研究论文。


1
句:对研究内容的总体概括。


2

5
句:总结研究结果,即某些树种死亡的原因是害虫、病菌和气候。其中第
2
句概括 这些
原因,第
3

5
句是具体结果及原因:有些林区的树木死亡率为
40
%,但是
20
%属于正常现象;
有些树种死亡现象明显,原因是 病菌的侵害。


6
句:引用他人的研究结果和观点,以解释上述结果。害虫 和病菌的侵袭所造成的树木死亡
是一种自然和必然的现象。


7
句:指出以后的研究方向。


从例子可以看出,通过 一项研究工作,可能会得出几条结论,这些结论的主次轻重可以从
字里行间表现出来。如通过使用
…has
the
strongest
relationship…
点 出了最主要的结论,而运

…also…
这个词,来表示递进关系,说明这句话陈述的 内容是研究结论之二。有时为了清楚醒
目,可以将结论列成几条。


10.1.2
结论部分的语言运用技巧

结论部分的语言除要严谨、连贯、精炼、确切以外,还要具有高度的概括性。

结论部分与其他各部分不同的是,现在时态

(
特别是一般现在时和现在完成时
)
使用频率很高,
这是因为结论 部分总结研究者到前为止做了些什么工作,得出了什么结果,这些结果对现在来
说有什么影响、意义和价 值,能够应用于什么地方,解决什么问题等。


结论中的句子既可以用主动语态,也 可以用被动语态,总体上说,两种语态的使用频率差
别无几。但有时
结论部分侧重于研究内容、 对象或结果,所以,往往将研究内容置于句首作主
语,于是,谓语动词自然要使用被动语态。

用主动语态时,常常用
this
paper,
this
investigation,
this
study,
this
survey,
the
results,
the
analysis

we, I
等作主语。


9
a. This study clearly demonstrates that…

b. This investigation discovers that…

c. This study reveals that…

d. We have described…


2
e. We have shown…

f. In this paper we have proposed/discussed…

g. These results represent…


9
中的
a

b

c

g
四个句子中,分别用了
demonstrate

discover

reveal

represent
作 谓语,
表示作者对研究结果所持的态度明确、肯定。

值得指出的是,作者有时对自己 研究结果采取慎重的态度,不那么肯定地说

结果说明

……”
、< br>“
证明了
……”
等,往往对动词加以修饰,表示作者不太肯定或慎重的态度,或 者用以
缓和语气。技巧如下。

技巧
1
:用情态动词

最常用情态动词有
will

can, may
,及其过去式
would

could


might
等,表示

可能

之意。这
三个情态动词语气依 次减弱。同一情态动词的过去式比现在式语气弱。


10
a. Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provide additional useful information
to be used in understanding the oak regeneration problem.
b. Changes occurring due to insects and pathogens may be a natural and necessary phenomenon.
技巧
2
:用某些形容词和副词

不同的形容词和副词表达作者不同的 态度和语气。

certainly


of course

absolutely

definitely

clearl y
等词用来加强语气,表示作者态度肯定;
almost certain

probably

highly likely
次之。而

likely

unlikely

possible

possibly

perhaps
等词表示作者没有把握,语气比较弱。

例:

Perhaps changes occurring due to insects and pathogens are a natural and necessary phenomenon.
技巧
3
:用
seem

appear

tend
等动词

这三个动词用在另一动词之前,
构成
seem to+do

be

have


appear to do

be

have

tend to do
be

have
的结构,
表示陈述的现象、
内容或观 点还有进一步探讨的余地。
我们还以例
3
和例
4
中的句子为例:

12
a.
However,
an
average
of
20
%
dead
stems
in
a
stand
appears
to
be
reasonable
without
inferring
excessive mortality or decline.
b. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.
下面的句子语气依次减弱:


13
a. Science projects are an important part of science education.

3
b. Science projects tend to be an important part of science education.
c. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.
d. Science projects seem to be an important part of science education.
e. It would appear that science projects are an important part of science education.
技巧
4
:选用不同的动词

在分析、
综合、
归纳、
推理过程中,
常常会使用
show

prove, illustr ate

reveal

suggest

indicat e

support

clarify

verify等动词。这些动词含义不同,所表示的语气或态度也不同。在使用同义
词或近义词时,
要注 意区分它们的含义。
例如,
表达形成某现象的原因时,
相近的动词有
caus e

lead to

contribute to

be the reason of

be the root of
等。选用不同动词都会对整个句子的意思产
生影响。

试比较以下句子:


14
a

C1early

sporadic insect outbreaks

pathogens (
病菌
)

and climatic events have caused excessive
mortality of certain species in certain stands

(
表示直接原因,负全部责任
)
b

C1early

sporadic insect outb reaks

pathogens(
病菌
)

and climatic events have lead to excessive
mortality of certain species in certain stands

(
有一个变化过程,表示间接原因
)
a

C1early

sporadic
insect
outbreaks

pathogens(
病菌
)
and
climatic
events
have
contributed
to
excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands.(
表示部分原因,一定还有别的原因
)

结论中常用的句型框架还有:


15
a. Furthe
r investigations are under way to…

b. Further refinement of the models is needed to…

c. Experiments have been designed to…

d. Analytical models have been developed using…

e. It is found that…

f. It is further concluded that…

g.

In this paper,

… are
reviewed/investigated/observed/studied.
h. The presented study is conducted by using…



4
10.2
如何写致谢

为了向论文的写作过程提供 过帮助的组织和个人表示感谢,作者在结论之后,可写一段致谢
(Acknowledgements)
。致谢的对象根据情况而定,如资助单位或个人,指导教师以及其他为论文
作者提出过建议或思 想的人员等。致谢的对象要按一定的顺序,一般来说,项目资助单位或个
人在前,其他人员在后。


16
Acknowledgements
Support for this program is provided by the Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural
Research
and
Development
Center.
Additional
support
has
been
provided
by
the
US
Department
of
Agriculture.

17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation
under Grant MSS8912521 and by the Gray Research and Development Office.

18
I wish to thank Professors Sheldon Grebstein and John Hagopian for their valuable suggestions. I also
thank Professor Sylvia Bowman for her comments on the manuscript. In addition, I owe an obligation
to my friend Francis Hanks for his constant assistance in the course of the research.
这里我们介绍一些致谢中的常用英语句型。

(1)
感谢赞助单位或个人

a. Support for this program/project/study is provided by…

b. Fundin
g for this program is provided by…

c. I thank…for giving financial Support for this study.

d. Additional support is provided by…

e. Research for this paper was partially supported by…

f. This research was funded by…

(2)
感谢提供资料的单位或个人

a. Data were supplied/pr
ovided by…

b. Permission to quote from material protected by copyright has been granted by…

c. I thank…for the permission to quote from material protected by copyright.

(3)
感谢提出建议和帮助的个人

a. I thank…for comments on the manuscript.


5
b.
In
addition,
I
am
gratefu
l
to…for
their
valuable
suggestions,
and
to…for
her
patience
and
good
counsel.
c. For help in the technical assistance, I thank…

d. We thank the following people for their helpful comments on drafts of this paper: …

e. In addition, I wish to thank…for his
valuable suggestions.
f.
For
their
encouragement,
support,
and
research
assistance,
I
would
like
to
thank
the
following
individuals who have contributed substantially to the completion of this study/paper/work.

4
)感谢不知名的审稿人

a. The anonymous reviewers have also contributed considerably to the publication of this paper.
b. In addition, I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the paper.

5
)感谢其他人

a. I also owe an obligation to…

b. Also I wish to thank…for their many courtesies.

c. Thanks is also extended to…who…

d. I wish to thank… for his…



6

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