英语国家慨况课后讨论题

2021年1月24日发(作者：adherent)

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1
班英美社会文化期末复习资料


y discuss the international influence which the UK exercises on today
’
s world.
1
、简要论述英国在当今世界的国际影响力。

Britain is the world's first industrialised country and a pioneer in civilian nuclear power.
In modern times,it retains links with parts of its former empire through the British
Commonwealth,including sharing with some of them the same monarch--Queen Elizabeth2--as
head of 16 Member States.
Its parliamentary and legal systems have also been emulated throughout the world .But more impo
rtant today in
British’s

international relations is the European Union, of which the UK has been a member since 1973.
As one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member
of NATO, the UK today pursues an active global approach to foreign policy, which invariably invo
lve a close military and political relationship with the United State.
A leading member of the Group of Eight, the Organization, the UK is a highly developed country
with a US$$ 1.833 trillion economy and the fifth largest gross domestic product in the world.
Socially, it is a highly prosperous and peaceful country and culturally, it is preeminent in the arts ,
sciences and technology.

2.
Discuss how England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland have become united in history forming the
current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
讨论英国、苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰在英国和北爱尔兰历史上是如何形成联合王国的。

In 1282, King Edward I finally conquered the last remaining native Welsh principalities in
north and west Wales,putting Welsh under the rule of England. In 1535, the kingdom of England
annexed the Welsh principalities with the Act of Union.
England and Scotland continued to be separate states until the Act of Union in 1707 which
abolished England and Scotland as separate kingdoms and created the United Kingdom of Great
Britain with a single Parliament during the reign of the last monarch of the Stuart Dynasty, Queen
Anne.
The
Act
of
Union
of
1800
formally
assimilated
Ireland
within
the
British
political
process,and created a new state,
”
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
”
.
In
1921,the
Anglo-Irish
treaty
established
the
Irish
Free
State
as
a
separate
nation,leaving
Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.
1282
，
爱德华国王终于征服了最后剩下的土生土长的威尔士公国在威尔士北部和西部，
把威
尔士在英国的统治下。
1535
年，英格兰王国以《联合法案》吞并威尔士公国。

英国和苏格兰仍然是独立的国家，直到
1707
的斯图亚特王朝最后一位君主安妮女王 统治期
间
,
联合法案废除了英国和苏格兰作为单独的王国，并建立了大不列颠的联合王 国与一个单
一的议会。

1800
年《联合法案》正式吸收了爱尔兰的，创造 了一个新的国家，“大不列颠和爱尔兰联
合王国”。

在
1921
， 盎格鲁
-
爱尔兰条约确立了爱尔兰自由国家作为一个单独的国家，留下北爱尔兰作
为联 合王国的一部分。




are the charecteristics of the British Constitution?
英国宪法的特点是什么？

The British Constitution demonstrates the following characteristics:

(1)
Constitutional
monarchy.
The
United
Kingdom,as
the
name
implies,remains
a
monarchy,but
one with limited power.
君主立宪

(2)Parliamentary sovereignty.
In formal terms,Parliamentary authority in the UK is
other words,Parliament can make or unmake law on any subject.
议会最高权力

(3)Representative
democracy.
People
are
entitled
to
voting
rights
and
the
Prime
Minister
and
head of government should be a member of the democratically elected House of Commons,and
normally the elected leader of the majority party.
代议民主制

(4)The rule of law.
As a fundamental principle,people are subject to law,but not to the arbitrary
will of governors.
法治非人治


are the principles of the rule of law in the UK?
在英国，什么是立法的原则

1)Everyone is bound by the one is above the law.
2)All persons are equal before the citizens have legal rights and can resort to the law,and
the law is supposed to treat all citizens on an equal basis.
3)Law and order must be maintained through the officials and institutions of the state.
4)Legal redress is provided for citizens with complaints against other individuals, organizations or
the state when they feel they have experienced injustice.
5)The law and legal processes and personnel should be independent from political interference.

5.
Examine British economic policies and performance in modern times.
考察现代英国的经济政策和表现

In the 19th century, Britain had the world
’
s leading economy.
The British economy remained relatively strong, but already began to decline from the beginning
of the 20th century.
British government applied the economic theories of Keynes and carried out state involvement in
the 1950s and 1960s.

British economy was referred to as the
“
Sick Man of Europe
”

by the 1970s.
Thatcherism was the reason for the boom in Britain in the 1980s.
Since
around
1992,
Britain
had
witnessed
the
longest
period
of
sustained
economic
growth
for
more than 15 years.
In 2008 the United Kingdom entered a recession brought about by the global financial crisis.
t on the problems the Social Security system confronts in the present UK.
当前英国社会保障体系面临的问题评析

It makes citizens dependent and less inclined to work.

It has been expanded to provide a large number of people indiscriminately with more money than
the country can afford.
The funding of its insurance side has always been problematic.

It
is
very
complicated
for
claimants
and
administrators
alike
with
its
array
of
benefits
and
is
subject to fraud.

One technical difficulty in implementing the system is that accurate figures of poverty are hard to