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2021年1月浙江省普通高校招生学考科目考试英语试题(解析版)

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2021-01-24 23:14
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2021年1月24日发(作者:不良)




2021

1
月浙江省普通高校招生学考科目考试英语试题及答案

.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分
35
分)

第一节(共
10
小题;每小题
2. 5
分,满分
25
分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的
A
B

C

ID
四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题 纸上将
该项涂黑。

A
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural
(农村)
India. One day, he played with his brother along
the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on
the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.

That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then
in an orphanage
(孤儿院)
. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.

As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in
India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast
country proved to be impossible.

Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite
pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central
business district from a bird's-
eye view. He thought,

“On the right
-hand side you should see the three-platform train
station”

and there it was.
started to match.

When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
something about me,

and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look
like.

In an interview Brierley says,
walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like
a nuclear fusion
. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come

核聚变)
true. And here I am, standing in front of her. ”

1.
Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A.
He got on a train by mistake.




B.
He got lost while playing in the street.
C.
He was taken away by a foreigner.
D.
He was adopted by an Australian family.
2.
How did Brierley find his hometown?
A.
By analyzing old pictures.
B.
By travelling all around India.
C.
By studying digital maps

D.
By spreading his story via his book.
3.
What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?
A.
His love for his mother.
B.
His reunion with his mother.
C.
His long way back home.
D.
His memory of his hometown.
【答案】
1. A



2. C



3. B
【解析】

.
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 了布尔利小时候意外走失,长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。


1
题详解】

细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“
When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his brother
might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.(
当他醒来发现自己一个人时:
4
岁的孩 子判断他哥哥
可能在他前面看到的火车上,所以他上了车
)
”以及第二段中“
That train took him a thousand miles across the
country to a totally strange city.(
那列火车把他带 到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市)”可知,布尔利在
25

前和家人分开是因为他误 上了火车。故选
A
项。


2
题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章第四段“
Then
he
found
a
digital
mapping
program.
He
spent
years
searching
for
his
hometown in the pr
ogram’s satellite pictures.(
然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节目的卫




星图片中寻找家乡
)
”以及“
Everything just started to match.(
一切都开始匹配了)”可知,布尔利是通过研究
数字地 图找到家乡的。故选
C
项。


3
题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“
In
an
interview
Brierley
says:
“My
mother
looked
so
much
shorter
than
I
remembered. But she came
forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the
chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion
(核聚变)
. just didn’t know what to say: because I never
thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.(
在一次采访中,
布尔利说:
“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是 她走了出来,朝我走来,我也向着她走去,我的感情、眼泪和大
脑里的化学物质,你知道的:就像发生了 核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么:因为我从没想过见到我母亲会
成为现实。我就在这里,站在她面前。< br>)
”可知,作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选
B
项。

B
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark.
But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.

Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid
being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per
cent.

The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.

The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities
(机
会)
for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk
with their young scholar about their day.

Most parents will have eagerly as
ked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by

comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity
to hear more.

Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes
(路线)
, with days of regular,

parent-accompanied
walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little
planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot




ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4.
Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A.
To make comparisons.

C.
To support her argument.

B.
To introduce the topic.
D.
To provide examples.
5.
What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A.
Plain laziness.

C.
Lack of time.

B.
Health problems.
D.
Security concerns.
6.
Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A.
She can get relaxed after work.

C.
She can help with her son's study.

【答案】
4. B



5. C



6. D
【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的 预言,进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。


4
题详解】

推理判断题。
通过文章第二段“
Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical
activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in
2010, it was as low as15 percent.(
今天:在澳大利亚:大多数孩子平均比避免超重 所需的体力活动少了
2000
步。在上世纪
70
年代初,
40%的孩子步行上学,而在
2010
年,这一比例降至
15%)
”说明作者根 据沃特金
斯的预言做了相关调查,并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言 ,是为了
介绍文章主题。故选
B
项。


5
题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“
Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their
house,
often
working
hours
not
of
their
choosing,
living
in
car-dependent
neighborhoods
with
limited
public
transport.(
家庭时间紧迫:许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作,工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的,他
们住在 公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区
)
”可知,导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够 。故

C
项。


6
题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“
But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son

s day comes out.
I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear
B.
She can keep physically fit.
D.
She can know her son better.




more.(
但是,< br>在每天散步的某个地方,
更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。
我听到他在理解友谊及其局 限性。
这是一个意想不到的难得的机会,家长听到更多
)
”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散 步能让她更了解她的儿子。
故选
D
项。

C
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (
黑猩猩
) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.

Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be
recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.


language in that respect. ”

Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was
a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.

Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:
to its mothers back and they travel off together.


) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans,

Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were



still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,
to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.
7.
What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A.
Memorizing specific words.

C.
Using voices to communicate.

8.
What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.
It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.
Understanding complex information.
D.
Communicating messages on purpose.




B.
It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.
It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.
It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9.
What does the underlined word
A.
Difference.

B.
Conflict.

C.
Balance.

D.
Connection.
10.
Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.
Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.
Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C.
Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.
Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】
7. D



8. B



9. A



10. D
【解析】

这是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群,翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手
势含义。


7
题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“
Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
(她说,只有人类和黑猩猩有一 个交流系统,他们故意向
其他成员发送信息)”可知,根据
Dr Hobaiter
,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息,故选
D



8
题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段中的“
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester,
said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she
added, the results were

a little disap pointing
”(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说,这项
研究是值得称 赞的,它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是,她补充说,
结果“有点令人失望”)
”< br>可知,这项研究是一个好的尝试,但是发现的结果是有限的。故选
B



9
题详解】

词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“
They

re the only thing that looks like human language in that respe ct.
(在
这方面,它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知,黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们 人类语言的交流方式。
但是根据最后一段中的“
Moreover,
the
meanings
seem
to
not
go
beyond
what
other
animals
convey
with
non-verbal communications.

此外,
这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)
”可 知,




黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的,
也就是“
So, it seems the gulf remains.

所以,
看来差异依然存在)”, 故
gulf
的意思是
difference
,故选
A


10
题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段的“
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees
use to communicate.
(研究人员表示,他们已 经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对
这方面的讨论可知,文章主要讲科学家们对 黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,所以
D
项:黑猩猩语言:翻译
出来的交流手势,这一题 目涵盖文章的内容。故选
D


第二节(共
5
小题;每小题
2
分,满分
10
分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and
choose the line that looks fastest.

You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the
parking lot.
___11___

It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.

Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.
___12___
Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire
line.

If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability:
____13____
So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.

Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register.
___14___
This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.

____15____
It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A.
Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B.
So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C.
Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D.
The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.
How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?




F.
With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.
But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】
11. A



12. G



13. D



14. F



15. B
【解析】

本文是说明文。文章说明了杂 货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式,并分析了各自的利弊。


11
题详解】

下文“
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
(原来,这只是你
的 数学问题;很可能,另一个队伍真的更快。
)”解释了上文“
You chose wrong .(
你选错了
)
”的原因,下文
与空格处是因果关系,所以本空应该是对前文 选错提出疑惑,故选
A
项。


12
题详解】

上文“
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay.

杂货店尽量让足够的员 工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。

”解释了杂货店之前的工
作模式,
下文“
Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire
line.
(任何一个小小的中断,一 个价格检查,一个喋喋不休的顾客,都会产生下游效应,拖住整个生
产线。
)”描述了杂货店的 特殊情况,故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因,故选
G
项。


13
题详解】

根据上文“
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.
(如果杂货店中
有三 列队伍,延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。
)”联系下文“
So
it's
not
just
in
your
mind:
Another
line
probably
is
moving
faster.
(所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里:另一条队伍可能移动 得更快。
)”可知本空说的
是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三 分之一。故选
D
项。


14
题详解】

根据“上文
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(
我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处
理这个问题
)
”以及下文“
This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a
long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone
little bit but speed up checkout overall.
(这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样 做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍,在一
个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反,它会减慢 每个人一点点,但加快了整体结帐
速度。
)”说明这个新方案迅速有效,联系上下文可知,空格 中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选
F
项。


15
题详解】

结合下文“
It
takes
many
registers
to
keep
one
line
moving
quickly,
and
some
stores
can't
afford
the
space
or

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