动词加s和ing的方法

2021年1月25日发(作者：sheet是什么意思)
动词
ing
形式的用法及变化规则


二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加
ing
构成，其规则如下：


1
）一般情况下直接加
ing
think--- thinking sleep---sleeping
study---studying speak---speaking
carry---carrying say---saying

2
）以 不发音的字母
e
结尾的单词，去掉字母
e
，再加
ing


wake---waking make---making come ---coming
take---taking leave---leaving have---having

3
）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现
“
辅，元，辅
”
结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字
母，再加
ing
初中学过的这类词有：
begin
，
cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit,
nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,
等。

visit
不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写

travel
虽然 重读第一音节，
词尾音节不重读，
但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字
母，然后再加ing
，如：
travel--- travelling.
初中阶段此类词只有这一个。



4
）以
y
结尾的动词

直接加
ing

carry
——
carrying enjoy
——
enjoying

5
）以
ie
结尾的动词，把
ie
改为
y
，再加
ing

die---dying lie---lying


动词第三人称单数的变化规则及练习


一、

变化规则

1
、直接在动词后
+s





例如：

like- likes










play- plays

2
、以
s, x, sh, ch,
接尾的动词：
+es








例如：

wash-washes
3
、以辅音
+o
接尾的动词：
+es




例如：

go-goes
4
、以辅音
+y
接尾的动词：变
y
为
i+es





例如：

fly-flies
英语名词单数变复数的规则


一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍
-s
。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读
[s]
，结尾是浊辅音或元音读
[z]
。

例：
friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces


二、凡是以
s
、
z
、
x
、
ch
、
sh
结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍
-es
构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读
[iz]
。

例：
bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes


三、以辅音字母< br>+y
结尾的名词，将
y
改变为
i
，再加
-es
。

读音变化：加读
[z]
。

例：
candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories


四、以
-o
结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加
-es
，否则 加
-s
构成复数。

读音变化：加读
[z]
。

例：
tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

反例：
silo→silos; piano→pianos
（外来词）
; photo→photos; macro→macros


五、以
-f< br>或
-fe
结尾的名词，多为将
-f
或
-fe
改变为< br>-ves
，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音
[f]
改读
[vz]
。

例：
knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例：
roof→roofs


十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：
fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化：没有规律。

例：
man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen


十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：
deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon
鲑鱼
; trout
鳟鱼


十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：
pair(
对，双
); suit(
套
); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers








练

习

一
.
写出下列动词的现在分词形式

work___________ visit__________ play__________
study__________

dance__________ have__________
take__________

drop__________











lie__________
sing__________ shop__________ swim__________


二．选择题练习

1. Who ______________ over there now?
A. singing B. are sing
C. is singing D. sing

2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an En
glish class.
A. have B. having C. is having D. are having

3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.
A. crying
B. cried C. is crying D. cries

4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing

5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.

A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep


三
.
填空：

1.
Miss
Li
_______
(like)
sleeping
in
the
day.
2.
Listen!
Who
________
(talk)
with
your
parents
3.
The
girl
_______
(
not
dance
)
on
Wednesday.
She
dances
on
Friday.
5.
Everyone
_________(say)
she
is
a
good
shop
assistant.
8.
Let's
________
(eat)
lunch
together(
一起
).
9.
Look!
A
cat
________
(run)
up
the
tree.
10.
It's
6:30.
My
brother
________
(see)
a
movie.
11.
Sam
________
(go)
to
school
at
7:00
every
day.
12.
Peggy
is
________
(clean)
the
bedroom
now.
She
is
a
good
girl.
13.
---
Where
________
Mr.
Green
________
(live)




---
He
________
in London.
14.
---
________
you
________
(clean)
your
bedroom




---
No,
I'm
not.
I'm
cleaning
the
living
room.
15.
---
________ Nancy ________
(talk)
on
the
phone




---
No,
she
isn't.
She
________
(eat)
lunch
now.



名词由单数变成复数的练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______

bus______

bench_____

brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____
ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______
man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______
story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____
apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____
goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______
child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____
monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：

1>There are so many________ (wolf) in the forest.
2>There are three ______ (chair) in the classroom.
3>These _______ (tomato) are red.



4>______ (hero) are great.
5>My brother looks after two ______ (baby)
6>There are some ______ (deer) eating the grass.
7>My father likes to eat _______ (potato).
8>Chinese ______ (people)like to eat noodles.
9>I have a lot of ______ (toy) in my bedroom.
10>I help my mother wash ______ (dish) in the kitchen.
11>I have two ______ (pencil-box).



12>There are some ______ (bus)in the street.
13>Peter has eight _____ (foot).




14>Linda has three _______ (tooth).
15>There are some ______ (child) in the garden.
16>Michael likes the ______ (mouse).
18>My uncle and father are _____ (man).
19>Tom and King are _____ (boy).




20>Linda has three ______ (tooth).

选出正确形式

1
．
I can see three ________ in the zoo.

A monkeys


B monkeys



C monkey
pig has four ______.



A. foot


B. feet

C. foots
two brothers are both ______. A. policeman


B. policemans


C. policemen
are four ___________ in the class.

A. Japanese



B. Japaneses

C. Japan
5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.

A. sheep


B. dog

C. pig