中国和美国高等教育之间的差异(英文)

2021年1月25日发(作者：ticktack)


毕业论文




中国和美国高等教育之间的差异

The Differences of Higher Education between

America and China












。

Abstract
H
igher
education
is
an
important
approach
to
cultivate
talented
person.
Different
countries
have
different
system
of
higher
education.
This
paper
aims
at
discussing
the
differences
of
higher
education
between China and America, and it not only puts forward the contrast
analysis on the social environment, cultural tradition, education system
and graduates
‘
ability between China and America, but also analyzes the
differences
of
the
education
reform
measures
between
these
two
countries.

Key words
:
Higher education; Difference; America; China












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中文摘要

高等教育是培养人才的重要手段。
不同国家 拥有不同体制的高等教育。
本文
旨在讨论中、
美两国高等教育的差异，
它不仅 提出了中、
美两国社会环境和文化
传统，
教育制度和毕业生能力的对比分析，
还分析了这两个国家教育改革措施的
差异。


关键词
：
高等教育；不同
;

美国；中国













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Contents:

I. Introduction
II. Chinese-American social environment and cultural tradition
differences


2.1 Differences of attitudes on culture
III. Chinese-American education system differences


3.1 Different establishments of curricula and specialty


3.2 Different choices of specialty curricula


3.3 Different styles of inspecting students
’
result


3.4 Different styles of students
’
management


3.5 Different methods of teaching lessons


3.6 Differences between public and private schools
IV. Chinese-American graduates
’
ability differences


4.1 Differences of actual talents fostered
V. Chinese-American education reform measures differences


5.1 American reform measures


5.2 Chinese reform measures
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VI. Conclusion


The Differences of Higher Education between America
and China
I. Introduction
It
is
well
known
that
higher
education
has
been
more
and
more
significant all over the world. Because of the development of science and
technology,
the
relationship
between
higher
education
and
national
politics, economy, science, culture, military is becoming closer and closer
day
by
day.
This
mutual
relation
especially
shows
in
aspect
of
higher
education. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only
simply
shows
the
growth
of
quantity,
but
especially
has
had
the
huge
change in the nature. China and America share many characteristics in
higher
education.
However
this
paper
has
mainly
discussed
the
differences
between
Chinese
and
American
higher
education.
The
two
countries are different in four significant aspects: (1)social environment

and
cultural
tradition

(2)education
system

(3)graduates
’
ability

(4)education

reform

measures.
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II.
Comparison
of
the
social
environment
and
cultural
tradition between China and America
2.1
contrast
of
social
environment
and
traditional
education between China and America
America
is
the
biggest
immigrant
country.
American
economy
emphasizes on the practical value, as well as individual value realization
with
fast
development,
rich
material
life,
strong
material
idea
and
etc.
The
American
advocates
the
independent
way
of
life
and
work.
The
American
owns
full
creative
humanities
spirit,
the
innovation
is
the
forever
subject
in
their
brains.
They
pursue
the
hi-tech
and
prefer
to
compete.
C
ontrast with young USA, China is the great nation with glorious history
and cultural traditions. The Chinese people have the excellent moral of
modesty,
but
also
have
been
over
cautious
and
conservative.
Though
Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very

strong
potential
development,
and
Chinese
students
worked
hard
since
they
were
small.
Therefore
China
implements

the
policy
of
opening
up,
abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.
The education between Chinese and American is extremely different.
American
education
aims
at
building
such
an
education
to
raise
the
creativity with less study and more thought.

USA pays great attention
to train the students
’
practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivating
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the students to ask the knowledge and authority and building the ability
to extend the knowledge system. That fact that 1/3 of numbers among
all
Nobel
Prize
winners
in
the
world
are
the
American
is
a
very
good
illustration.

Compared
with
American
higher
education,
China
’
s
higher
education aims at building the foundation of education with more study
and less thought; Chinese education pays more attention to instill and
accumulate
knowledge,
cultivating
the
students
’

respect
to
the
knowledge
and
authority
and
building
the
ability
to
inherit
the
knowledge system.

III.
Contrast
of higher
education system
between Chinese
and American
3.1 different establishments of curricula and specialty
A
nation
’
s
higher
education
is
the
reflection
of
economic
system.
American education aims at adapting for society demand, they explicitly
stipulate
three
big
functions:
education
’
s
service
for
the
economic
development,
the
scientific
research
and
teaching.
The
manifest
of
service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social
need and set up special curriculum or specialty which the society needs.

In
China's
universities,
during
quite
long
period
of
time,
the
establishment
of
specialty
curriculum
lacks
the
change
and
could
not
follow
social
demand.
In
the
latest
few
years,
the
majority
of
Chinese
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universities all started to pay great attention to the transformation and
renewal of establishment of specialty curriculum so as to meet the need
of society.
3.2 different choices of specialty curricula
In
order
to
adapt
the
society,
the
American
universities
have
established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; the
students choose or transform specialties and schools according to own
interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely
diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education.
In
China,
the
student
may
choose
the
specialty
according
to
own
interest
and
hobby,
but
change
of
specialty
in
the
school
is
not
easy,
transformation of school then is more difficult. In American universities,
the compulsory courses are few, and elective courses are rich. While in
Chinese universities, the compulsory subjects occupy the major part, and
many schools
（
especially for technical colleges and universities
）
have the
phenomenon of more emphasizing on the Science subjects, little on the
liberal arts.
3.3 different styles of inspecting students
’
result
When
American
school
inspects
the
result
of
student,
they
emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not
the
ability
of
memory
or
description.
The
American
student
need
the
mechanical
memorizing,
but
displays
creative
thought
as
far
as
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possible .This
can
cultivate
students
’

study
interest,
raise
the
ability
of
doing it by self and make the study be one kind of creative activity.
However, many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in Chinese
universities, thus takes a test which needs mechanical memorizing. Such
an inspection method has seriously attacked the students
’
enthusiasm of
study,
caused
the
student
to
one-sidedly
pay
great
attention
to
the
theory and neglect the ability of practice.
3.4 different styles of students
’
management
In the United States, many students at the school could conveniently
take the IC card with a photo; the cards can be used to enter libraries and
computer
rooms
and
other
facilities
such
as
gymnasiums
and
other
coliseum throughout the academy. Experienced consultants equipped by
the school would help students to determine their main direction (major,
a
bit
like
our
domestic
professional)
and
guide
students
to
choose
specific
classes.
After
selecting
courses,
in
accordance
with
the
school
timetable,
the
septic
time,
place,
classroom
and
course
is
entirely
controlled by individual who means that everyone has the right of their
own curriculum.

Unlike
American
students,
Chinese
students
also
need
arrangements of classes and dormitories. Compared with the USA
’
s IC
card, our domestic student card and library card is similar to it. Except
these, Chinese school has no experienced consultants to help students to
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