-
Unit12
What did you do last weekend?
Section A
1.
camp
(1)
vi
宿营；露营；扎营
go camping
去野营
camp out
野营
露营
(2)
n.
野营；帐篷；营地
summer camp
夏令营
winter camp
冬令营
2.
by
(1)by+
地点名词
表方位，在
…
旁边
by the lake/river/tree/window/door
by the side of the path.
在路边
注：表从
…
旁经过
,
多与动词
go/walk/pass< br>等连用。
(2)by+
时间名词
到
…
时（已发生某事），谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟于
…
，在
…之前
by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o`clock
等。
By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed
到去年年底，又有一座新体育馆峻工了。
(3)by+
名词
表方法、方式、手段等。
A. by+the+
可数的时间、长度、重量等名词。按
…
计算，按
…
买
(
卖
)
by the p ound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month
等。
B. by+
表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）。按
…< br>计算，按
…
买
(
卖
)
by time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area< br>等。
C. by+
交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。 通过
…
，由
…
，乘
…
by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;by land/road/sea/water/air
等。（
on foot)
D. by+
抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）靠
…
，通过
…
，由
…
所致
by s kill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/ch ance/accident;
by mail/letter/r adio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine
等。
+
地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，通过（某物、某地），取道
…
by a stone bridge/the back door/the freeway/country roads
等
+
动词
ing< br>通过
…
，靠
…
，凭
…
by waiting/practing/begging/working/imitating
(4)by+
数量词
A.
表升降、增减的程度。
by one-fifth/20 percent/
￡
3/two feet
B.
表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。
by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth
(5)by+
身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体
/
衣物的某一部分， 常与动词
catch/seize/take/hold/grab
等
连用
by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns;by the collar/lape/sleeve
等。
The policeman caught the thief by the arm.
警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
The soldier grabbed the child by the collar.
那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。
(6)by
的常见短语：
by means of/by way of/by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself/
by birth/by society/take…by surprise/learn…by heart/what do you mean by …/by my watch
/next/this/that +
时间在句中做状语时，其前不用介词
4.
常用
do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
代替前文提到的动词。
(1) Who cleaned the room?
Mike _____.
A. was
B. does
C. is
D. did
(2) I don’t think he is so great, but my mother _______.
(3) Peter visited his English teacher this morning, but Tony _______.
A. isn’t
B. wasn’t
C. doesn’t
D. didn’t
(4) I like Sports News very much. _____.A. I like, too
B. I do, too
C. I don’t like, either
D. I don’t, either
(5) My father likes Sports News, but my mother _____.
5.
as
(1)
adv
表程度，同样地。在
as...as...
，
not as...as...
结构中的第一个
as
是
adv
，和／与
...(
不
)
一样
Jack is as tall as his father
．杰克和他的父亲一样高。
He doesn't speak English as
／
so fluently as you
．他的英语说得不如你流利。
(2) prep
A.
如，像
They got united as one man
．他们团结得像一个人一样。
B.
充当，作为
As a writer
，
he was famous
．作为作家，他是很有名的。
(3) conj
常用来连接主句和状语从句
A.
引导时间状语从句，当
...的时候，有随着
...
之意
,
与
while
意义相近， 强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发
生，另一事立即发生。
He shouted aloud as her ran along
．他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。
I was startled as he opened the door
．他一开门，我吓了一跳。
作连词，相当于
when
。
As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano
．他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。
C. 引导原因状语从句，因为，由于
,
与
because
的用法相近。
I must stop writing now
，
as I have rather a lot of work to do
．我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。
D.
引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句，正如，
(
如
)
像
As in your country
，
we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south
．
正如
(
像
)
你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种大米。
(
方式状语从句
)
When at Rome
，
do as Romans do
．入乡随俗。
(
方式状语从句
)
E.
引导让步状语从句，虽然，尽管
,
这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原 形放在
as
之前。
Strange as it may seem
，
it is true
．尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。
Try as he might
，
Tom could not get out of the difficulties
．不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。
(4)
as
作关系代词。
A.
引导限制性定语从句，用在
such...as,the same...as< br>，
as...as
结构中，像
...
一样的人
(
或物
)
，凡是
...
的人
(
或物
)
He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was
．他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。
My hometown is no longer the same as it was
．我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。
B.
引导非限制性定语从句，用来 指代它前面的整个句子
(
即先行句
)
，这一点。这个分句可以位于句首、句< br>
中或句末。
(5) as
的固定词组的用法
soon as
一
…
就
引导时间状语从句。
／
so long as
只要
As
／
So long as you study hard
，
you'll make progress
．只要你努力，你就会取得进步。
C. as if
／< br>though
常用来引导方式状语从句，好像，仿佛
,
如果从句中讲的是非真实 情况，则用虚拟语气。
She loves the child as if
／
though he were her own
．她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。
D. As if
／
though
也可用来引导表语从句，
常用在
It appe ars
／
looks
／
seems
．
．
．
+as if
／
though
句型结构中。
It appears as if
／
though it is going to clear up
．看起来天要晴了。
It seems as if
／
though he knew nothing about it.
他好像对此事一无所知。
to
关于，至于
There is no doubt as to his honesty
．他的诚实是无可置疑的。
much
／
many as
多达
...
，达到
...
之多
He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month
．他每月能挣
5000
美元。
／
as far as I know
就我所知
在句中作插入语
As
／
So far as I know
，
he will come here next Monday
．据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。
H. as a result
，
as a result of
由于
...
的结果
well
也，还
Come early
，
and bring your brother as well
．早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。
as to
，
so...as to
若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。
He studied hard so as to pass the exam
．他努力学习以便通过考试。
(
表示目的
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
本文更新与2021-01-25 01:41，由作者提供，不代表本网站立场，转载请注明出处：https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/563464.html
-
上一篇：新课标中对小学英语提出的目标是什么
下一篇：新目标大学英语综合教程