材料科学与工程专业英语翻译

2021年1月25日发(作者：policeofficer)
Unit1
：

交叉学科


interdiscipline



力学性质


mechanical property


介电常数


dielectric constant


电磁辐射

electro-magnetic radiation
固体性质

solid materials
材料加工


processing of materials


热容

heat capacity


弹性模量（模数）
elastic coefficient

1.
直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
It was not
until
relatively
recent
times
that
scientists
came
to
understand
the
relationship
between the structural elements of materials and their properties .

2.
材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material
engineering
mainly to solve the problem and create material application.

3.
材料 的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。
Materials processing process is not only to de structure and decided that the material
characteristic and performance.

4.
材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。
Material
mechanical
properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.

Unit2
：

先进材料

advanced material


合金

metal alloys

陶瓷材料

ceramic material


移植


implant to
粘土矿物

clay minerals
玻璃纤维


glass fiber
高性能材料

high performance material


碳纳米管

carbon nanotub

1
、金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。
Metalli c materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons
，
many properties of
metals are directly attributable to these electrons.

2
、许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。
Many of polymers are
organic compounds,and they have very large molecular structures.

3
、半导 体材料的典型特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷
材料和聚合体材料）之间。
Semiconductors
have
electrical
properties
that
are
intermediate
between
the
electrical
conductors
(
viz.
metals
and
metal
alloys
)
and
insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).

4
、
生物材料不能 产生毒性，
并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。
Biomaterials must not
produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.

Unit3
：


微观结构

microstructure
电荷平衡


balanced electrical charge
宏观结构

macrostructure

带正电子的原子核

positively
charge
化学反应

chemical reaction

nucleu
原子量

atomic


1
、从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上完中物质均是由
100
多种院子组成的。
These
same
100
atoms
form
thousands
of
different
substances
ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.
2
、事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。

The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.
3
、微观结构是指能够通 过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构，宏
观是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。

Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but
using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked
eye.
4
、原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。

The
atomic
weight
of
an
atom
indicates
how
many
protons
and
neutrons
in
the
nucleus.


Unit4
：

相转变温度

重力加速度

phase transformation temperatures
the acceleration of

gravity


比重
specific gravity
磁导率
magnetic permeability
熔点
the melting point
热导率
thermal conductivity


1.
化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。
Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the
substance.

2.
相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。
Phase
is
a
physical
property
of
matter
and
matter
can
exist
in
four
phases
:
solid
,
liquid , gas and plasma .

3.
当温度低 于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链上，
从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。< br>Instead , at some temperature below the melting
point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in
chains , which results in a soft and pliable material.

4.
在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。
In
engineering
applications
,
permeability
is
often
expressed
in
relative
,
rather
than
in
absolute
,
terms .

Unit5
：



实验样品

test specimen
临界应力

critical stress
静负荷

static loading

屈服强度

yield strength
作用力

applied force
应力面积

stress area
垂直轴

normal axis
应力
-
应变曲线

stress-strain curve
工程应变

engineering strain



1.
通 常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和
拉伸性能增强。
Tem perature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the
strength properties of metallic alloys.

2.
从材料的角度来说，盈利是一种在材料 内部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施加
的负荷并与其发生相互作用。
From
the
perspective
of
what
is
happening
within
a
material , stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and