材料科学与工程专业英语

2021年1月25日发(作者：trim是什么意思)

一

交叉学科
interdiscipline
介电常数


dielectric constant

固体性质

solid materials
热容

heat capacity

力学性质


mechanical property

电磁辐射

electro-magnetic radiation
材料加工


processing of materials

弹性模量（模数）
elastic coefficient
直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

It
was
not
until
relatively
recent
times
that
scientists
came
to
understand
the
relationships
between the structural elements of materials and their properties.
材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题与材料的应用问题。

Materials engineering is mainly used to solve the processing problems and application
problems.
材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。

The material
’
produce processing was not only stated its structures, but also its properties and
performance.
材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。

Material mechanical properties relative with its deformation coming from outside force and load.

二

先进材料

advanced material

陶瓷材料

ceramic material
粘土矿物

clay minerals
高性能材料

high performance material

合金

metal alloys
移植


implant to
玻璃纤维


glass fiber
碳纳米管

carbon nanotube
金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。

Metallic
materials
have
large
numbers
of
nonlocalizedelectrons,
many
properties
of
metals
are
directly attributable to these electrons.

许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。

Many of polymers are organic compounds, they have large molecular structures.
半导体材料的电性能特征介于导体材料
（如金 属、
金属合金）
与绝缘体
（陶瓷材料和聚合体
材料）之间。

Semiconductors
have
electrical
properties
that
are
intermediate
between
the
electrical
conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulations (c and polymers).
生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。

Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.
三

微观结构

microstructure
宏观结构

macrostructure
化学反
应

chemical
reaction
原子量

atomic
电荷平衡


balanced electrical charge
带正电子的原子核

positively charge nucleus
从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥 异的金属，
成千上完中物质均是由
100
多种院子组成的。

These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we
breathe
to the metal used to support tall buildings.

事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。

The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.

微 观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构，
宏观是指可以直接
用肉眼 观察到的结构。

Microstructure,
which
includes
features
that
cannot
be
seen
with
the
naked
eye,
but
using
a
microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.
原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。

The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

五

实验样品

test specimen
静负荷

static loading
作用力

applied force
垂直轴

normal axis
工程
应变
engineering strain
临界应力

critical stress
屈服强度

yield strength
应力面积

stress area
应力
-
应变曲线

stress-strain curve
通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。

Temperature
below
room
temperature
generally
cause
an
increase
in
strength
properties
of
metallic alloys, while ductility, fracture toughness , and elongation usually decrease.
从材料的角度来说，
应力是一 种在材料内部所分布的力，
它可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发