21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后答案

2021年1月25日发(作者：gogool)
21
世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后答案

第一单元

Text Comprehension

II
．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on
Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with
grief.
2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal
problems.
3. His sister-in-
law’s painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife rushed
out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery
helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.
4. The blank
whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn’t know where to
begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly
as a brave and strong-willed person.
5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could
n
ow see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a
great politician.
7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly
by the death of his daughter.
8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur; they
were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous
political figure but also a talented untrained artist.
9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.
10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned
him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or
disappointed in his relationship with other people.
Vocabulary

III.
ic me te d n in d
ct omed t tion 12. disastrous

IV.
1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on
5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon; dated
from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue
Word Building
V.
1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke s 5.
strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall
7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens

10. lightened
VI.
1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is
also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunny
Structure
VII.
1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many
foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.
2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided
to clean our apartment.
3. Tired of their own cooking, they’ve decided to go to a restaurant for a
change.
4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the
house that night.
5. Deeply disappointed with the actress’s performance, tom soon switched to
another channel.
6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I
pretended to be sick with a terrible headache.
VIII.
1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his
classmates 5. So am I
Cloze
IX
lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated;
entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when;
overwhelming
Translation
X.
“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢
?
把 画笔给我
---
大的那
支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼 墨在惊恐不已的
画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。
谁都看得出画布无法回击。
我不再迟疑 。
我抓起
那支最大的画笔，
迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。
自那以后 ，
我再也不
曾害怕过画布。”

XI
1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year- old retired
professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without
anybody to rely on.
2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in
London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.
3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it
plunged the whole world into shock and grief.
4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved
in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government
was in difficulty.
5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village,
where he tried his hand at farming.
6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a
glow of satisfaction.
7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now,
or it will soon be too late.
8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal.
Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently.
Reading Analysis
XII.
Major Event:
Life and love and hope slowly revived.
How did the change happen?
(1)Churchill bought a new house.
(2) Another child was born to Churchill.
Structured Writing
XIII. One example, for reference
My sister Stephanie began her love affair with television in the second grade
amid highly emotional circumstances. She had had a quarrel with her best
friend, and found herself alone and lonely every day after school with nothing
to do. That’s when the miracle of television came toText

第二单元

Comprehension
II
．

a 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6 F 7T
b. 1I 2I 3 I 4N 5I 6N 7I 8N
Vocabulary
III.
ged ices te lanted ied
tute ice s

12. recommendations

IV.
NB. these are not the only possible synoms/definitions/translations.
1. carried out; conducted, performed

2. led to; resulted in, caused

3. springs from; arises from, comes from

4. get ahead; make progress in life, achieve more, etc.
5. showed up; appeared, arrived

6. make up; constitute, comprise

7. owes it to;
归功于


8. cope with; find a way of dealing with, manage
9. divided the cake into;
把蛋糕分成……

10. excluded from;
被剥夺了

11. committed to; devoted to, dedicated to
12. make it to; arrive at or on after much effort
V.
1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with ing

5. horrified, motivated me 6. recommendations, To start with 7. naive
8. by contrast

Word Building
VI.
1. misplaced 2. mismatched 3. misusing 4. mislead

5. misprinted 6. misinformed 7. misspelled 8. misunderstood
Structure
VII.
1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the
victims rebuild their houses.
2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.
3. Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were
rediscovered in the mid-80s.
4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework.
5. The library’s been rearranged, and I can’t find any of the books I need.

6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon
—I’d like to buy one.

7. Stevie Wonder’s earliest albums have
been unavailable for several years,
but they’re being re
-released next month.
8. I didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it.

9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare’s plays.

10. You’ve misundersto
od me
—
let me rephrase what I said.
VIII.
A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector
steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager
B. iser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener

6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers
Structure
IX
1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we
organized this volunteer group.
2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.
3. It is his secretary who does all the work.
4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and
power.
5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to
California.
6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.
7. It wasn’t until last week that they finished their report on the project.

8. It’s her beautiful eyes that I can’t forget.

X.
1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to
130, 000 kg.
word ‘youngster’ has a cheerful connotation, whereas ‘offspring’ sounds
rather clinical.
3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches
individual responsibility.
earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago,
whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year
ago.
5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process,
whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.
6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.
Translation
XI.
儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。
在孔夫子的哲学中，
家庭起着最重要
的作用
----
这种定向引导人们为家 庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅是为了他们自
己。
一个人永远无法报答他的父母，
而且 在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、
乃至负
罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。< br>
XII.
9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class
is made up of males only.
10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their
Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their
after-school time.
11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge
success. He said he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.

12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his
future.
13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this
new device has to be readjusted.
14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best
American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas
are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.
15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard.
He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get
ahead in life.
16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could
make it to the airport in time.
Cloze
XIII
1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread

6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day

11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe
Reading Analysis
XII.
Stevenson offered three recommendations:
To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents
need to become more committed to their children’s education. And third, our
school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways.

Structured Writing
XIII. One example, for reference
Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons.
To start with, the teachers’ hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us.
Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to
study as hard as we should. And thir
d, our teachers’ warmly human characters
create bonds of friendship that will last forever.
第三单元

Text comprehension
II.
1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing
things in different cultures; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he
says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of
their deepest cultural attitudes.
2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a
Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japanese engineers.
George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he
accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.
3. The Japanese liked George’s nonassertive nature, his expertise and his
willingness to help; it’s also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese,
and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities
contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust
him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all
kinds of advice.
4. He had to ‘reinvent’ himself becau
se his expertise as an engineer was no
longer needed, but he didn’t want to leave Japan. The company accepted his
‘reinvention’ because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural
conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around.
5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely
linguistic.
6. The examples imply that there is a strong group orientation in Japanese
business, that sentiment can be as important as profit and efficiency, and that
employees may be valued for something other than their material contribution
to the company. The fact that these examples mystified the US side implies
that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more
important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for
decisions, expenditures, etc.
7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be
misinterpreted by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the
Japanese are normal to Americans.
8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious
barrier, compared with cultural differences.
Vocabulary
III.
1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving ted
6. qualified 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflicts
IV.
1. go a
long with 2. from the farmers’ viewpoint 3. multitudes of

4. run into 5. come to an end 6. picked up 7. at times

8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over 10. the other way around
V.
1. due to 2. thanks to 3. Due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to 6. Thanks to
Word Building
VI.
Interchangeable: that can be used in place of each other
Interface: a place or area where different things meet and have an effect on
each other
Intercontinental: between continents
Intersection: a joint where two roads or lines cross
Interdisciplinary: involving two or more disciplines
Interview: an occasion when a person is asked questions by one or more other
people
1. intercontinental 2. interface 3. intersection 4. interchangeable

5. interview 6. interdisciplinary
VII.
1. Almost everyone would like to have more money for nonessential goods and
services just because they make life a little more pleasant.
2 Mr. Peterson is the chairman of nonprofit charity organization.
3. Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both humans and
non-humans.
4. Although I’m a nonsmoker, I don’t support discrimination against smokers.

5. It would be nonsense to say that all Asian societies are the same.
6. There’s a difference between using words in a nonstandard way and using
them incorrectly.
Cloze
VIII.
1. among 2. conflicts 3. made 4. understanding 5. since

6. conscious of 7. so 8. run into 9. with 10. crazy 11. that is

12. since 13. That’s is 14. escalating 15. parties

Translation
IX.
从一开始，
乔治就被所有的日本雇员欣然接受。
日方经理通常不信任任何被派去
代表美方业主的人，
但乔治生性随和，
没有人把他看作是对自己职业的一种威胁。
所 以他们喜欢就广泛的各类问题征求他的意见，
包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的
古怪行为。
公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业知识和他友好而技能熟练的帮
助，他们已养成了一有问题
----
任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书
们都热衷于帮助这个讨人喜欢的单身 汉学习日语。

X.
1. When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent
job, which he accepted at once.
2. To ensure that their ventures in Japan are profitable, the American
companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.
3. As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees
who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside
of his field of expertise.
4. Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along
with the Japanese accountant’s decision, thus smoothing over th
e conflict
between the two.
5. Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers
and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense
to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big
emotional battles.
6. All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated
George’s frequent help with the multitude of problems they run into.

7. My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please
don’t get offended if I some
times say stupid things.
8. with a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good
mastery of English, dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who
came to China to study Chinese medicine.
Reading analysis
XI.
General observation: at times something far more important than good English
was needed.
Illustration 1: one such case was when the Japanese accountant had to
explain the $$ 46,534 spent of 874 December- holiday presents.
Illustration 2: or there was the time when the Japanese personnel manager
had to justify keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no
longer needed his expertise.
Structured writing
XII. One example, for reference
When foreign visitors come to China for the first time they often run into
embarrassing situations. One such case was when some British tourists tried
to pay for what they bought at a street market with their credit cards. Or there
was the time when they went shopping in small shops without bargaining at all.
第四单元

Text comprehension
II.
1. Vicky didn't know how to cope with rejection or failure because everything
had always gone so well for her.
2. She now realizes she was simply not suited for that job, and has another in
which she is happy and successful.
3. Two-valued orientation makes us see success and failure as the only two
possibilities.
4. That “success” in one area is frequently accompanied by failure in another.

5. Success that’s too early can mean a person lacks preparation for other
things in life; success that comes too easily can mean the person will not know
how to deal with real challenges; and success that's achieved at the cost of the
total quality of an experience can be a barrier to enjoying life fully and to trying
anything new.
6. Lowering standards, shifting blame, offering a consolation prize and saying
“it doesn't matter” are “failure prevention devices” that leave the child
unequipped for life in the real world.
7. She learned something from her failure that's been valuable to her in her life
ever since.
8. Success encourages repetition of old behavior, whereas failure can
motivate us to try something different.
9. “Noble failure” is when a person aims high, tries their best, fails and moves
bravely on.
10. Emerson means that fear of failure is a barrier to progress and
achievement. You might say it this way: experiencing failure can make a
person more confident and effective, because once s/he loses her/his fear of
failure s/he can concentrate on achieving her/his aims.
Vocabulary
III.

1. afford 2. preclude 3. emphasis 4. prone 5. applied

6. distinguished 7. obsessed 8. alike 9. enquire 10. impulse

11. practically 12. prompted

IV.
1. We put in a request for a little extra time to finish the project, but the board
turned us (or it) down.
2. The politician enjoyed a successful career at the cost of his relationship with
his family.
3. The author is of the opinion that early success may eventually prove harmful
to a person’s all
-round development in the long run.
4. I took your umbrella by accident
—I’m sorry.

5. The bookshop was on the brink of failure until they branched out into CDs
and cassettes.
6. With this out-of-
date equipment, you can’t count on good results.

7. Students sometimes get in the habit of disrupting classes with annoying
comments. In such cases, teachers are advised to send to the school
psychologist.
8. Ever since she started her own business, she’s been much more satisfied
with her life.