自动化控制系统;自动化专业英语翻译

2021年1月25日发(作者：gonna什么意思)


自

动

化

控

制

系

统










Abstract:
the
information
age
high-tech
traditional
industries,
in
the
rapid
development of mechanical industry automation appeared in some new technology: the
movement
control
loop
ac
servo
motor
drive
technology,
computer
technology
and
programmable
controller,
the
movement
control
CARDS,
etc.
This
paper
analyzed
and
summarized the new technology of basic principle, characteristics and application status,
etc.
Keywords: linear motor servo drive technology, computer, programmable controller,
motion control
1 introduction
Information
age
of
high-tech
flow
caused
by
the
traditional
industry,
the
profound
change.
As
one
of
the
traditional
industry,
machinery
industry
in
this
new
technology
revolution
and
product
structure
and
production
system
structure
is
a
new
species,
microelectronics
technology,
the
rapid
development
of
computer
technology
and
information,
intelligent
mechanical
device
and
power
equipment,
machinery
industry,
combining began a massive mechatronics technology revolution.
Along
with
the
computer
technology,
electronic
power
technology
and
sensor
technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly.
Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery,
textile
machinery,
packaging
machinery,
printing
machinery,
metallurgy,
machinery,
chemical machinery and industrial robots, more attention by all aspects of people's lives,
it
in
improvement,
improve
work
efficiency
and
save
energy
and
reduce
the
material
consumption, strengthen the competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.
In
the
rapid
development
of
the
electromechanical
integration
technology,
motion
control
technology
as
its
key
part,
also
an
unprecedented
development,
and
each
manufacturer
launched
motion
control
of
new
technology,
new
product.
This
article
mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor,
AC
drive
technology
(go),
which
Linear
Programmable
Controller
(Programmable
Controller
is
Computer,
the
PCC)
and
the
movement
control
CARDS
(Board)
Motion
needed several representative of new technology.


2 the closed-loop ac servo drive technology
In
the
rapid
development
of
the
electromechanical
integration
technology,
motion
control
technology
as
its
key
part,
also
an
unprecedented
development,
and
each
manufacturer
launched
motion
control
of
new
technology,
new
product.
This
article
mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor,
AC
drive
technology
(go),
which
Linear
Programmable
Controller
(Programmable
Controller
is
Computer,
the
PCC)
and
the
movement
control
CARDS
(Board)
Motion
needed several representative of new technology.
Along
with
the
computer
technology,
electronic
power
technology
and
sensor
technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly.
Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery,
textile
machinery,
packaging
machinery,
printing
machinery,
metallurgy,
machinery,
chemical machinery and industrial robots, intelligent robots and many other categories of
products every year there are new developments. Mechatronics technology has been more
and
more
concerned
by
various
aspects,
it
in
improving
people's
life,
improve
work
efficiency
and
save
energy
and
reduce
the
material
consumption,
strengthen
the
competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.
In
some
of
the
positioning
accuracy
and
the
dynamic
response
of
the
demand
is
higher,
electromechanical
product
ac
servo
system
is
widely
used,
including
digital
ac
servo system with digital control mode is more, but the trend is very simple, debugging,
use is popular. The servo drive system of the use of advanced Digital Signal Processor
(DSP) Digital Signal Processor, to the motor shaft back- end department of photoelectric
encoder and on location in the drive and sampling motor between the position and speed
closed-loop control system, and give full play to the high speed Digital Signal Processor
(DSP),
automatic
gain
control
of
the
servo
system,
and
can
even
load
changes,
the
real-time tracking control system; gain Some drivers have fast Fourier transform (FFT)
function,
the
measure
of
GongZhenDian
mechanical
equipment,
and
through
a
notch
filter to eliminate mechanical resonance.
Normally,
the
digital
ac
servo
system
mostly
in
half
of
the
closed-loop
control
work,
namely
the
encoder
feedback
servo
motor
speed
loop,
also
be
for
position
loop.
This kind of control mode for transmission chain of clearance and error cannot overcome

or compensation. In order to obtain higher control precision, should be in the final of the
installation precision detection devices (such as: grating feet, photoelectric encoder, etc.),
i.e.
the
closed-loop
control.
Comparison
of
the
traditional
method
is:
the
closed-loop
control
servo
systems
only
accept
instruction,
speed
loop
control
loop
control
by
the
superior position controller (most of the closed-loop system is nc). This greatly increases
the difficulty of the upper controller, servo system is limited. Currently, foreign already
appeared
a
more
perfect,
can
achieve
higher
accuracy
of
the
closed-loop
digital
servo
system, the realization of high automation equipment more easily. The control principle,
as shown in figure 1.
This
system has overcome the defect
of half
a
closed-loop
control system,
servo
drive
can
direct
sampling
in
final
mechanical
part
position
feedback
element
(such
as
grating
feet,
magnetic
grid
feet,
revolving
encoder,
etc.),
as
the
position
loop,
and
the
motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical
transmission
of
gear
gap,
gap
(e.g.,
etc),
ball
screw
clearance
compensation
of
mechanical
transmission
manufacturing
error
(such
as
ball
screw
pitch
error,
etc),
and
realize
the
closedloop
position
control
functions,
higher
precision.
And
this
whole
closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and
supervisory controller in its growing industry automation equipment and developed, and
start using this kind of servo system.
In
some
of
the
positioning
accuracy
and
the
dynamic
response
of
the
demand
is
higher, the mechtronie product in communication



This
system
has
overcome
the
defects
of
the
closed-loop
system
and
the
position
loop, sampling can directly from in final position on the mechanical components (such as

gratings' feedback, magnetic gate ruler, revolving encoder, etc), and the motor speed loop
at only as encoder, the feedback can eliminate all the gap existing in machinery, and the
servo
system,
but
also
can
appear
on
the
mechanical
transmission
error
compensation,
achieve
real
closed-loop
function,
achieve
the
high
position
control.
And
this
whole
closed-loop
control
are
accomplished
by
drive,
without
increasing
the
burden
of
supervisory controller.
Owing to the closed-loop ac servo system can get high precision, and does not need to
increase the complexity of supervisory control system. So it is widely used in nc machine
tools, precision CNC equipment design, etc.
This
system has overcome the defect
of half
a
closed- loop
control system,
servo
drive
can
direct
sampling
in
final
mechanical
part
position
feedback
element
(such
as
grating
feet,
magnetic
grid
feet,
revolving
encoder,
etc.),
as
the
position
loop,
and
the
motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical
transmission
of
gear
gap,
gap
(e.g.,
etc),
ball
screw
clearance
compensation
of
mechanical
transmission
manufacturing
error
(such
as
ball
screw
pitch
error,
etc),
and
realize
the
closedloop
position
control
functions,
higher
precision.
And
this
whole
closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and
supervisory controller more industry
In the numerical control lathe, especially in computer nc machine tools, because it
has closed servo drive system work reliably, high precision and strong anti- interference,
relative
to
the
open-loop
servo
drive
system
is
more
commonly
used.
But
due
to
the
increased closed servo drive system, feedback, comparative position detection, and step
into
the
open
loop
system,
its
structure
is
more
complex,
debugging
is
relatively
more
difficult.
A closed-loop servo drive system, the actuator
Along
with
the
development
of
numerical
control
technology,
the
requirement
of
actuators are summed up and increasingly high, basically have the following:
(1) to minimize the rotational inertia of the motor, in order to improve the system of fast
dynamic response,
(2) improve motor overload ability to adapt often appear the impact of the phenomenon,
(3)
improve
speed
and
stability
operation
of
motor,
to
ensure
the
uniformity
of
speed

servo system accuracy.
Due to the particularity of mechanical processing, general motors can not meet the
nc machine tools for servo control requirements. At present, in the nc
The machine is widely used in the dc servo motor and ac servo motor.
1
?

dc servo motor
The dc servo motor was used in machine tool servo system is a kind of actuators. In
the
servo
system
used
in
the
dc
servo
motor
servo
motor
for
dc
motors,
such
as
low
inertia
and
wide
speed
motor,
etc.
Although
these
servo
motor,
have
the
features
of
different structure, but its working principle and dc motor are similar.
(1)
low
inertia
dc
servo
motor.
Main
whether
slot
dc
servo
motor
armature
and
other
types
of
motor.
No
slots
dc
servo
motor
armature
the
working
principle
and
structure
of
the
same
dc
motor,
the
difference
and
features
are:
the
armature
core
is
smooth without trough, the armature winding circles with epoxy resin curing and binder
in the armature core on the surface, the length and diameter of the armature five times
more than in the air- gap size than the average dc motor is 10 times greater than. Its output
power in dozens of watts to 10 kW. Mainly used for fast movement, power system.
(2)
wide
speed
dc
torque
motor.
With
the
motor
torque
method
to
improve
to
improve the dynamic performance. Its structure and general dc motor, usually by similar
separate-excited
him.
Almost
all
ed
with
armature
control.
It
has
the
following features:
(3)
dc
servo
motor
control
principle
of
pulse
width.
The
dc
servo
motor
speed
adjustment method is mainly to adjust the armature voltage. Currently the most widely
used methods are transistors pulse width omdulatros - dc motor speed (PWM - M). It has
the
fast
response,
high
efficiency,
wide
range
of
speed
and
noise
pollution
is
small,
simple and reliable.
Pulse
width
modulator,
using
the
basic
working
principle
of
switch
power
transistor, dc voltage must be converted into the frequency voltage, add to the dc motor
armature.
Through
each
pulse
width
control,
wave
the
armature
voltage
change
of
average,
adjust
the
speed
of
the
motor.
Figure
5-9
-
M
system
of
PWM
is
working
principle diagram. Figure 5-9 will set the switch (a) to close, disconnect K cycle, start-up
and
shut-
down
cycle
is
T.
In
a
period
of
time,
the
time
for
τ,
disconnect
for
T
-

respectively. If the power supply voltage U plus is constant, add to the electric power of
the armature voltage waveform is a square column, its height for U,
Width for τ, as shown in figure 5
-9 (b). It is the average










（
5-2
Type in the delta =
τ/T, called conduction rate. When T unchanged, as long as the
continuous change, can make the armature voltage average (namely dc component) from
0
to
U,
and
continuous
changes
continually
changing
motor
speed.
The
actual
system
with high PWM - M triode switch K. 2
?

ac servo motor
Ac servo motor drive is the latest development of new servo system, the machine is
driven system for a new trend. The dc motor drive system ZhengLiuZi brush and often
repair, motor and using environment size restriction shortcomings. It can speed in a wide
range
of
torque,
produce
the
ideal
of
simple
structure,
reliable
operation,
used
for
numerical control machine tool, to drive system for precision into position control.
The
working
principle
of
ac
servo
motor
with
two
phase
asynchronous
motor
is
similar. However, due to it in the nc machine tools as actuators, ac signal conversion for
the angular velocity or
on the rotor speed requirements,
so
how
can
reflect
the control
signal
phase, it is
not
turning control signals.
Especially
when it has in
turn, if control
signals disappear, it immediately stop turning. But ordinary induction motors turn, if the
control signal to disappear, it often can't stop immediately and will continue to roll.
Also by ac servo motor stator and rotor. The stator windings and control winding is
excitation, the difference in the space of two winding Angle of 90 °
electricity. If the two
phase windings in amplitude and phase equal 90 °
Angle of the electric motor on voltage,
the symmetry of air gap in the circular rotating magnetic field. If two voltage amplitude
range for 90 °
or phase Angle of electric, magnetic fields produced by a rotating magnetic
oval. Add in the control signal is different, the winding magnetic field generated by the
ellipse is different also.
For example, load torque must change control signals, and can
change the ellipse, magnetic control servo motor speed. Ac servo motor control mode has
3 kinds: amplitude and phase control amplitude and phase hybrid control
3 linear motor drive technology
General motors is turning to work. But with rotating motor drive traffic tools (such

as electric locomotive and city in the trolley, etc) need to do with rotating linear motion
of
the
motor
driving
machine
parts
also
should
make
linear
motion.
This
will
need
to
increase the rotation movement into a set of linear motion can directly use device. The
motor to drive straight movement, eliminating this suit? Several decades ago, people put
forward this problem. Now has made a straight- line movement of the motor, linear motor.
Linear motor principle is not complicated. Imagine an induction motor rotate along
the movement direction of the radius and flattening dividing, it became a linear induction
motor (chart) in the linear motor, equivalent to rotate the motor stator, called primary, The
equivalent of motor rotor spinning, subprime. Primary zhongtong to exchange, subprime
on electromagnetic force under the action of linear motion
along the primary do. Then
primary do very long, extends to the movement of the need to achieve, but does not need
so long subprime. Actually, linear motor can regard primary do very long, also can make
long; secondary Can both primary and secondary mobile, fixed fixed, junior secondary
also can move.
Linear motor is a new kind of motor, in recent years, wide application. Maglev train
is driven by motor.
Maglev
train
is
a
kind
of
brand-new.
Generally,
because
the
train
wheel
and
rail,
limit the friction between the speed increase, it can reach the highest speed than 300km/n.
maglev train, with magnetic suspension is to train and guide, by reducing friction, from
contact,
improve
speed.
By
the
linear
motor
train
traction.
Linear
motor
in
the
ground
level,
a
fixed
extends
far
to
guide
together,
Another
level
installation
on
the
train
to
exchange links. Primary, train the guide. Train is equipped with magnets (some fat&oil
linear motor coil magnet), with the train when motion, make in the ground wire (or metal
plates induced current in the magnetic induction current, and trains the magnet (or coil)
of
the
electromagnetic
force
between
the
train
is
suspended.
The
advantages
of
suspension
trains
is
running
smoothly,
no
turbulence,
low
noise,
small,
as
long
as
the
traction
for
thousands
of
power
can
make
kw
suspension
speed
of
trains
to
550km/h.
suspension trains deceleration, magnetic field changes, also reduced, magnetic induction
current
abate,
causing
levitation
force
trains
were
suspended.
Equipped
with
a
wheel
device, it's like aircraft wheel, in the procession, timely income can train stops down to
support the train.

To make the quality of the huge magnetic levitation train on, need strong magnetic
field, the practical need with HTS windings such strong magnetic field.
Linear
motor
except
for
maglev
train,
also
widely
used
in
other
aspects,
such
as
system, electrical QiChui, electromagnetic mixer etc. In China, the linear motor is also
gradually
get
promotion
and
application
of
the
principle
of
linear
motor.
Though
not
complicated, but in the design and manufacturing has its own characteristics, the product
is still not mature, motor that further research and improvement.
Linear motor servo system in the application in the world, in recent years has also
get
attention,
machine
tool
industry
in
western
industrialized
region
and
a

linear
motor.
The machine adopts feeding system, in line with the direct drive motor rotate motor
drive
the
biggest
difference
is
cancelled
from
motor
to
workbench
(dragging
plate)
between
mechanical
transmission
link,
the
machine
into
the
length
of
the
transmission
chain to zero, the transmission way has been called the
this

manner,
driving
the
rotating
motor
driving
mode
can
achieve
performance
index and advantages.

high
response
system
directly
cancelled
due
to
some
of
the
response
time
constant
of
mechanical
transmission
parts
(such
as
ball
screw,
etc.),
make
whole
closed-loop control system dynamic performance greatly improve sensitive reaction.
2
precision
linear
drive
system
cancelled
due
to
the
ball
screw
transmission
mechanism
of
such
errors
and
reduce
the
gap
and
the
interpolation
of
transmission
system lags movement of the tracking error. Through the line position detection



In
1987
the
International
electrotechnical
commission
(Electrical)

issued
by
the
International
aid
of
PLC
in
the
draft
standards
PLC
made
below
definition:

of the electronic device digital computing operations. It can be used for
the
storage,
programming
in
its
internal
logic
operation
sequence
execution,
storage,
timing,
counting
and
arithmetic
operation
instruction,
and
through
digital
or
analog
input
and
output,
the
control
of
various
types
of
machinery
or production process. PLC and related peripheral equipment should be easy
and
industrial
control
system
according
to
form
a
whole,
easy
to
expand
its
functional principle and design.
The characteristics of PLC
(1), high reliability and anti- interference ability
The
traditional
relay
control
system
USES
a
lot
of
time
relay,
middle
relays.
The poor, easy contact fault occurs. Instead of using the software of PLC
relay and time relay, between left and the input and output of the related
hardware,
can
reduce
a
connection
to
the
relay
control
system
of
1/10
~
1/100,
because of the failure caused by poor contact point is greatly reduced.
High
reliability
is
the
key
performance
of
electrical
control
equipment.
PLC with modern large scale integrated circuit technology, adopting strict
production
process
manufacturing,
internal
circuit
adopted
advanced
anti-interference
techniques,
and
has
high
reliability.
Such
as
mitsubishi
company
production
of
F
series
PLC
MTBF
$$30
million
hours.
Some
use
redundancy
CPU
PLC
is
the
average
time
longer
trouble-free.
The
machine
from
PLC,
using
PLC circuit control system, and the same form of relay contact system,
electrical
wiring
and
compared
to
switch
contacts
have
one
hundreds
and
even
thousands
of
fault
is
greatly
reduced.
In
addition,
PLC
hardware
malfunction
with
function,
malfunction
can
timely
warning
message.
In
software
applications,
users
can
also
into
outer
device
of
fault
diagnosis
procedure,

make system in addition to the circuit and equipment outside PLC for fault
diagnosis. So, the system has high reliability, I wouldn't be surprised.
(2), hardware, complete functions, applicability
PLC to today, has formed a large, medium and small scale of various series
of
products,
and
standardization
and
serialization,
modular, equipped
with
complete varieties of various hardware device for the user chooses, users
can
easily
for
the
system
configuration,
functions,
different
dimensions
of
different
components
of
the
system.
PLC
installation
wiring
very
convenient
also, general use terminals wiring connections. PLC have strong ability to
load, with direct drive general solenoid and ac contactor, can be used in
all
kinds
of
industrial
control.
Besides
logic
function,
most
modern
PLC
has
perfect data operation ability, can be applied to various digital control
field.
In
recent
years,
the
function
of
PLC,
unit
of
PLC
to
control,
temperature
control,
the
position
of
various
industrial
control
of
CNC
system.
To enhance the capability of communication with PLC and HMI technology
development, the use of PLC control system composed of very easily.
(3), easy to use, deeply engineering and technical personnel
PLC as general industrial controlling computer, is facing the industrial
equipment
mining
enterprises.
It
is
easy
to
interface,
programming
language
for
engineering
and
technical
personnel.
Ladder
diagram
language
symbols
and
expression way and relay diagram, use PLC to control the small quantity of
switch
logic
can
be
easily
realized
directive
function
of
circuit
relay.
For
not familiar with electronic circuit, don't understand computer principle
and assembly language used in industrial control computer opens.
(4),
system
design,
installation,
debugging
and
maintenance
convenience,
small amount to reform
PLC
ladder-diagram
procedures
generally
USES
sequence
control
design
method.
This
kind
of
programming
method
is
very
regular,
is
easy
to
learn.
For
complex

control
system,
the
design
of
the
ladder
diagram
design
relay
system
diagram
than much less time.
PLC logical connection with instead of storing logic, greatly reduce the
control equipment of external control system design, construction and the
cycle
is
much
shorter,
while
maintaining
also
becomes
easier.
More
important
is that the same equipment after changing process change process becomes
possible. It is very suitable for variety, small batch production.
(5), small volume, light weight, low energy consumption
For
example,
ultra-small
PLC
to
produce
new
varieties
of
bottom,
is
only
100mm
is smaller than the size of a few relays, so will switch to smaller 1/2-10.
It
weighs
less
than
150g,
only
a
few
consumption.
Due
to
the
small
size
easily
loaded machinery, is the ideal control electromechanical equipment.
PLC application fields
At present, has been widely applied in PLC steel, petroleum, chemical
industry,
electric
power,
building
materials,
machinery
manufacturing,
automotive,
textile,
transportation,
environmental
protection,
and
cultural
entertainment
industries,
using
general
can
be
summed
up
as
follows
several
types.
(1), the logic control switch quantity
This
is
the
most
fundamental
and
most
extensive
PLC
application
domain,
it
is
replacing
the
traditional
relay
circuit,
realize
logic
control,
sequence control, which
can
be used
for
the control of
a single device, can
also
be
used
to
control
and
automation
line
more
machines.
Such
as
injection
molding machine, printing machine, a stapler, combination machine tools,
grinding spurt, packaging production line, electroplating line etc.
(2), analog control
In
industrial
production
process,
there
are
many
changes,
such
as
temperature,
pressure, and flow, liquid level and speed are simulated. In order to make

the
programmable
controller
processing
Analog,
must
realize
Analog/Digital
and Analog to produce
stats () ()
of Digital between
the A/D conversion and
D/A transformation. PLC manufacturer production supporting the A/D and D/A
conversion module, make the programmable controller for analog control.
(3), motion control
PLC can be used in circular motion or linear motion control. From control
configuration,
early
directly
to
switch
I/O
modules
connected
position
sensor and actuator, now generally use special movement control module. If
can
drive
stepping
motor
servo
motor
or
the
uniaxial
or
multi-axis
position
control
module.
The
world
of
major
PLC
control
functions
are
almost,
widely
used in all kinds of machinery, machine tool, robots, elevator, etc.
(4), process control
Refers
to
the
process
control
of
temperature,
pressure,
and
flow
rate
analog
closed-loop
control.
As
industrial
controlling
computer,
PLC
can
prepare
all
kinds
of
control
algorithm
procedures,
complete
closed-loop
control.
The
PID
closed-loop control system is usually USES morer adjustment methods. There
are large and medium-sized PLC, many small PID module has the function of
PLC
module.
PID
processing
is
generally
run
special
PID
subroutines.
Process
control in metallurgy, chemical, heat treatment, so there is widely used.
(5), data processing
Modern mathematics has PLC (including matrix computation, function, logic
operation),
data
transfer,
data
transformation,
sorting,
table,
a
operation
and
so
on
the
function,
can
complete
data
collection,
analysis
and
processing.
These data can be stored in the memory and comparison, the accomplishment
of
a
certain
reference
control
operation,
also
can
use
communication
function
to
other
intelligent
device,
or
will
they print
TAB.
Commonly
used
for
data
processing, such as no large- scale control system control of the flexible
manufacturing
systems,
Can
also
be
used
to
process
control
systems,
such
as

papermaking, metallurgy, food industry in some large control system.
(6), communications and networking
PLC communication contains PLC communication and PLC and other intelligent
device
communications.
Along
with
the
development
of
computer
control,
factory
automation
network
development
quickly,
the
PLC
manufacturer
attach
great importance to the PLC have their communication function, the network
system.
The
PLC
have
the
communication
interface,
the
communication
is
very
convenient.
PLC and status
The first PLC is in 1969, the equipment Co., LTD. (DEC). Limitation of
time and the development level of computer components conditions of early,
mainly
by
division
element
and
PLC
and
scale
integrated
circuit,
can
complete
simple
logic
control
and
timing,
count
function.
In
the
early
1970s
appeared
microprocessors.
Soon,
people
will
introduce
the
PLC
programmable
controller,
increased computing, data transmission and processing function, finished
with computer characteristics of real industrial control device. In order
to facilitate the familiar relays, system of engineering and technical
personnel, by using the programmable controller and relay diagram similar
ladder-diagram
programming
languages,
as the
main
computing
and
processing
and will take the computer storage components to relay name. This is the
computer technology and PLC control relay combination of concept.
In
the
1970s,
programmable
controller
ZhongMoQi
into
practical
development
phase,
the
computer
technology
has
been
introducing
programmable
controller,
its
function
in
the
leap.
Higher
speed,
ultra- small
size
and
more
reliable
industrial
anti-interference
design,
analog
computation,
high
ratio
of
PID
and
laid
it
on
the
status
of
modern
industry.
In
the
1980s,
the
programmable controller in advanced industrial countries has obtained the
widespread
application.
During
this
period
the
development
characteristics

of the programmable controller is large, high speed, high performance,
product
series.
This
stage
of
another
characteristic
is
the
world
production
programmable controller is increasing, the yield of country is increasing
day by day. This marked the programmable controller has already entered in
mature stage.
The late 20th century, the development of the programmable controller
is more suited to the needs of modern industry. From the control, and the
scale
of
development
period
and
minicomputers
mainframe,
From
birth
control
ability,
a
variety
of
special
functional
unit,
used
for
pressure,
temperature
and
speed
and
displacement
etc.
Various
control
occasions,
Products
from
the
supporting
capacity,
the
production
of
man-machine
interface
unit,
communication
unit
application
programmable
controller
of
industrial
control
equipment
supporting
more
easily.
At
present,
the
programmable
controller
in
machinery,
petroleum
chemical
industry,
metallurgy,
automobile, light steel fields are developed.
In China, the programmable controller is applied, the development, the
production
with
the
reform
and
opening-up
started.
First
introduced
equipment is used in great quantities in the programmable controller. The
enterprise in the production equipment and products in the application of
PLC
is
expanding.
At
present,
our
country
already
can
produce
small
programmable controller. Shanghai east room of CF production electric Co.,
LTD,
hangzhou
machine
series
production
of
electric
DKK
and
D
series,
dalian
modular
machine
tool
research
production
of
series,
suzhou
electronic
computer
S
factory
etc.
Series
product
YZ
has
a
certain
scale
and
in
industrial
products.
In
addition,
wuxi
uh
guano
corporation,
Shanghai
township island sino-foreign joint venture company is famous in China and
the
PLC
manufacturers.
As
can
be
expected,
China's
modernization,
China
will
have more PLC in wide application.

PLC future prospects
In
the
21st
century,
the
PLC
have
greater
development.
Technically,
the
new
computer
technology
will
more
applications
in
programmable
controller
design
and manufacturing, there will be faster and more large storage capacity,
intelligent
stronger
varieties,
Look
from
product
size,
will
further
development direction and super mini, Products from the compatibility, the
variety of our products will be more abundant, specification complete, the
more
perfect
human-machine
interface,
complete
communication
equipment
can
better adapt to all kinds of industrial control demand of occasions, Look
from
the
market,
each
producing
many
varieties
of
products
with
the
international
competition
and
break,
can
appear
a
few
brand
monopoly
situation
of
the
international
market,
the
international
common
programming
language, From the development of the network, the programmable controller
and other industrial control computer networking constitute the control
system
is
a
large-scale
programmable
controller
technology
development
direction.
Current
computer
Distributed
Control
System
(DCS
Control
System)
in Distributed plenty of PLC application. Along with the development of
computer
network,
the
programmable
controller
as
automation
control
network
and the general network, as an important part of the industry and industry
in many fields outside play an increasing role. PLC basic knowledge
The development of 1.1 PLC
In industrial production process, a large number of sequence control
switch
quantity,
according
to
logical
conditions,
and
in
accordance
with
the
sequential
logical
relationship
for
the
protection
and
control
of
chain
and
large
quantity
of
discrete
data
acquisition.
Traditionally,
the
function
is
through the pneumatic or electric control system. 1968 American GM (GM)
company replace the requirement of electric control device, the next year,
the
company
developed
based
on
integrated
circuits
and
electronic
technology,

the
control
device
for
the
first
time
by
means
of
the
application
procedure
in
the
electrical
control,
this
is
the
first
generation
of
PLC
Programmable,
said
Controller (PC).
The personal computer (PC) as up for convenience, in order to reflect
the feature of PLC Programmable controller, Programmable name
Logic Controller (PLC).
The
1980s
and
into
the
1990s,
is
the
fastest
growing
period,
PLC
for
the
annual growth rate has been kept 30-40%. In this period, PLC in analog and
digital
operation
ability,
ability
and
human-computer
interface
ability
get
greatly raised, PLC control field, gradually entered in some applications
in the process control instead of a dominant position of DCS system.
PLC
has
the
versatility,
use
convenient,
wide
adaptability,
high
reliability
and
anti-interference
capability
is
strong,
with
simple
programming, etc. PLC in industrial automation control sequence control
status, especially in the foreseeable future, is irreplaceable.
120, PLC
From
the
structure,
PLC
is
divided
into
fixed
and
combined
modular
(two).
Fixed
PLC
including
CPU
boards,
I/O
board,
display
panel,
memory,
etc,
these
elements
into
a
not
remove
the
whole.
Module
type
PLC
including
CPU
module,
I/O modules, memory, power module, or the rack, according to certain rules
of these modules can be combined configuration.
130, CPU
The CPU is the core of PLC, central nervous system function, each PLC
for
at
least
a
CPU,
it
gives
the
PLC
program
function
and
user
receives
stored
programs and data collected by scanning mode, brought by the input device
or data, and the provisions of the deposit, diagnosis, register, power and
PLC internal work condition of the circuit and the programming process of

grammar mistakes, etc. After the operation, from entering the user program
CunZhuQi
arised
in
the
reading
instruction,
after
analyzing
the
tasks
according to the instructions to produce the corresponding control signal
to command relevant control circuit.
The
CPU
mainly
by
unit,
controller,
register
and
realize
their
connections
between
data,
control
and
state,
the
CPU
bus
also
include
peripheral unit bus interface chip, and relevant circuit. Memory is mainly
used
for
storage
procedures
and
data,
it
is
the
indispensable
component
unit
of PLC.
In the user view, a detailed analysis of the CPU unnecessary, but for
each circuit inside the working mechanism of part or should have enough
understanding. The CPU control work, by its CPU reads commands, explain
instructions
and
executes
instructions.
But
the
pace
of
work
by
shock
signal
control.
Unit
used
in
digital
or
logical
operations,
work
under
the
command
in the controller. In computing and storage register in the middle of the
operation result, it is in command controller.
The
CPU
speed
and
memory
capacity
is
an
important
parameter
of
PLC,
which
determines
the
speed
of
PLC
IO
quantity
and
software,
thus
limiting
the
volume
control.
140, I/O modules
PLC
and
electrical
circuits
of
input
and
output
interface,
it
is
through
the
part
(I/O).
The
I/O
modules
of
PLC
integration
of
I/O
circuit,
the
input
general-purpose
registers
reflect
input
signal
output,
reflects
output
latches
state.
Input
module
will
be
converted
to
digital
signals
into
electrical
signal
output
module,
PLC
system.
The
I/O
into
switch
input
(DI),
switching output (DO), analog input (AI), analog output (AO), etc.
The I/O classification commonly used as follows:
The switch quantity: according to the voltage level, 220VAC, 110VAC,

isolation, 24VDC method, relays, isolation and transistors.
Analog signal types: according to the current model, 20mA (4-0-20mA), and
the
voltage
type
(0-10V,
0-5V,
-
10-10V),
according
to
the
accuracy,
and
14bit
12bit 16bit, etc.
In addition to the general IO outside, still have a special IO module,
such as thermal resistor, thermocouple, pulse, etc.
According to the I/O modules specification and quantity determination
points, I/O modules may be less than, but the maximum CPU can by the basic
configuration management ability, namely the maximum number of tank bottom
or frame.
1.5, power supply module
PLC power for the integrated circuits PLC module provides work power.
At the same time,
some still
for
input circuit provides 24V work power. The
power
input
type:
the
ac
power
source
(220VAC
or
110VAC),
dc
power
(commonly
used for 24VDC).
160, or the rack
Most
of
the
module
type
PLC
use
floor
or
frame,
its
effect
is:
electrical,
realizing
the
relationship
between
each
module,
make
the
CPU
can
access
all
of the module, the floor, mechanical connection between each module, make
integral module.
170, PLC system of other equipment
1.7.1 programming device: programmer is PLC application development,
monitoring,
inspection,
maintenance,
operation
of
the
device,
indispensable
for
programming,
to
make
some
Settings,
monitoring
system
and
PLC
controlled
by
PLC
system
work
condition,
but
it
does
not
directly
involved
in
controlling
the operation. Small programming with general PLC programmer, general type
of
computer
software
(run)
as
a
programming
console.
The
system
is
also
our
computer.

1.7.2
man-machine
interface:
most
of
the
man-machine
interface
is
simple,
lights
and
button
LCD
screen
(or)
of
one-piece
operator
terminal
extensively
by computer (running configuration software) as man-machine interface is
very popular.
1.8, PLC network communication
Depending on advanced industrial network technology can effectively
collect
data
transfer,
the
production
and
management.
Therefore,
the
network
in
automation
system
integration,
the
importance
of
the
project
and
even
some

With
the
function
of
PLC
network
communication,
it
makes
the
PLC
and
PLC,
PLC
and
computer
and
other
devices
to
exchange
information
between
intelligence,
form
a
unified
whole,
decentralized
control.
Most
PLC
with
RS
-
232
interface,
and
some
have
built-in
support
their
communication
protocol
interfaces.
The
communication
is
mainly
adopts
PLC
by
multi-point
interface
(MPI) data communication, PROFIBUS or industrial Ethernet are networking.
PLC control system design principles
2.1, satisfy requirement of the controlled object control.
In the control requirements,
2.2 under the precondition of controlling system, and strive to make a
simple, economic, convenient operation and maintenance.
2.3, ensure safe and reliable control system.
2.4,
considering
the development
of
production
and
process
improvement
in choosing proper capacity of PLC have allowance.
PLC software system and common programming language
3.1, PLC system software system by the user program procedures and two
parts.
System
programming
including
monitoring
program,
the
compiler,
diagnostic procedures, mainly for the management of the whole machine,
programming
language
into
machine
language
translation,
machine
fault

diagnosis. System software manufacturer is offerred by PLC and has formed
in
an
EPROM
can
direct
access
and
intervention.
The
user
program
is
according
to the customer request, the PLC control program compiled languages (i.e.
application
logic
control)
used
to
implement
various
control.
STEP7
is
used
for SIMATIC programmable logic controllers configuration and programming
standards, also is the user program packages, we are to use STEP7 hardware
configuration and logic programming, and the logical result of on-line
monitoring program execution.
3.2, PLC provides programming language
3.2.1, standard language ladder-diagram language is our most commonly
used one language, it has the following characteristics
3.2.1.1,
it
is
a
kind
of
language,
the
traditional
control
chart
of
relay
contacts,
coil,
such
term
series,
and
some
graphic
symbols
of
bus
lines
called
around.
3.2.1.2, ladder diagram of contacts (contacts) is often on or closed,
contacts may be the PLC input switch can also be PLC relay contacts within
or registers, counter, etc.
3.2.1.3
ladder
diagram,
the
joints
can
be
arbitrary
series
and
parallel
coils, but not only parallel series.
3.2.1.4, internal relays, counter, registers are not directly control
external load, and can only be used for internal among the CPU.
3.2.1.5, PLC is circular scanning, along the ladder-diagram sequence
execution in the same period, the results in scanning, the output state
general- purpose registers in the output value in so users can be used as a
condition of program.
3.2.2 statement tables, similar to the assembler language.
Figure 3.2.3, logic function used semiconductor logic diagram language to
express, usually a operation box says a function left, and right picture

painted input output.
STEP7 4, the use of program
To create a project
4.1,
structure,
project
as
a
folder,
all
data
in
a
layered
architecture
exists
among
them,
you
can
use
at
any
time.
In
creating
a
project,
all
other
tasks in the project execution.
4.2,
configuration,
configuration
is
assigned
a
station
you
want
to
use
the programmable controller, such as S7300 S7400, etc.
4.3,
hardware
configuration,
hardware
configuration
is
specified
in
the
table in the configuration of your control scheme to use templates and the
user program to access to address what these templates, address by general
without modification program automatically. The template can also use the
characteristic parameters of assignment.
4.4,
configuration
and
communication
network
connection,
communication
is the foundation of the network, and advance configuration is to create a
meet
your
control
scheme,
the
setting
of
the
network
characteristics,
subnetwork
interconnection
characteristics
and
any
network
Settings
required network station. Network address is automatically if no change
procedures must not modify experience.
Definition of symbols, and 4.5 symbol table definition in local or
sharing symbols, in your user program with these more descriptive name
instead
of
symbols
of
absolute
address.
The
symbols
with
letters
written
name
generally
does
not
exceed
8
bytes,
had
better
not
use
long
character
description of program execution, otherwise have great influence.
Create,
use
and
4.6
ladder- diagram
programming
procedures
and
templates
to
create
a
language connected
with
the
program
or
template
and
storage.
We
create program is one of the important work control engineering, general
linear
programming
(can
be
used
on
a
block,
OB1),
distribution
function
block