自动化英文文献

2021年1月25日发(作者：commando)
Classification of control systems there are three ways: by automatic classification
methods
in
order
to
participate
in
the
control
mode
classification,
to
adjust
the
law
category.

One way to control category

1,
the
open-loop
control
system
if
the
computer
output
of
open
loop
control
system
to
exercise
control
of
the
production
process,
but
the
control
results
---
the
state
of
the
production
process
does
not
affect
the
computer
control
systems,
computer controller production and other sectors does not constitute a closed loop,
is called open-loop control system computer. the production process of the state is no
feedback to the computer, but by the operator to monitor the status of the production
process,
decision
control
program,
and
tell
the
computer
to
control
the
role
of
exercising control.

2, closed loop control system computer to the production of an object or process
control,
the
state
can
directly
influence
the
production
process
computer
control
system,
called
the
closed-loop
control
system
computer.
Control
of
the
computer
monitor in the operator, the automatic acceptance of the production process state test
results, calculate and determine the control scheme, the direct command and control
units (devices) of action, the role of exercising control of the production process.
In
such systems, aircraft control components under control of control information sent to
control
device
operation,
the
other
running
equipment
condition
as
the
output,
measured by the detection part, the feedback as input to the control computer; to make
control Computer Control Components production test components form a closed
loop. We will call this form of control computer control closed-loop control. Closed
loop
control
system
computer,
using
a
mathematical
model
to
set
the
value
of
the
production
process
and
test
results
of
the
best
value
of
the
deviation
between
the
feedback and control the production process to run at their best.

3,
line
control
system
as
long
as
the
computer
controlled
production
of
the
controlled object or process, to exercise direct control, without human intervention are
called the control computer on-line control, or on-line control system.

4,
offline
control
system
control
computer
does
not
directly
participate
in
the
control object or the controlled production process. It only managed to complete the
process of the controlled object or the status of testing, and testing of data processing;
and then develop control programs, the output control instruction, operator reference
control
instructions
manually
controlled
operation
to
control
parts
of
the
object
or
subject control process control. This control form is called off-line computer control
system.

5,
real-time
control
system
control
computer
real-time
control
system
is
controlled
by
the
control
of
the
object
or
process,
or
request
when
the
request
processing
control,
the
control
function
in
a
timely
manner
to
address
and
control
systems,
commonly
used
in
the
production
process
is
interrupted
for
the
occasion.
Such as steel, each one refining furnace steel is a process; and if the process rolling,
rolling
out
each
piece
of
steel
considered
a
process,
each
process
is
repeated.
Only
enter the process only requires a computer control. Once control of the computer, it
requires a computer from the production process information in the required time to
respond
to
or
control.
Such
systems
often
use
sophisticated
interrupt
system
and
interrupt
handling
procedures
to
achieve.
In
summary,
an
online
system
is
not
necessarily a real- time system. But a real-time system must be an online system.

Second, in order to participate in the control mode to Category
1, direct digital control system by the control computer to replace conventional
analog
instruments
and
direct
regulation
to
control
the
production
process,
as
the
computer as digital signals, so named after the DDC control. Actually controlled the
production
process
control
components,
control
signals
received
by
the
process
controller input / output channels of D / (D / A) converter output of the digital control
computer
volume
to
be
converted
into
analog;
analog
input
control
machine
to
go
through the process of input / output channels of analog / digital (A / D) converter into
a digital number into the computer. DDC control systems often use a small computer
or microprocessor, the time-sharing system to achieve multiple points of control. Is in
fact
a
discrete
sampling
with
the
controller,
to
achieve
discrete
multi-point
control.
DDC
computer
control
system
that
has
become
the
main
control
computer
control
system
forms.
DDC
control
of
the
advantage
of
flexibility,
large,
focused
on
high
reliability and low cost. Can use several forms of digital computing circuits, or even
dozens
of
loop
production
process,
integral
to
proportional
---
---
differential
(PID)
control to maintain the industrial state of the controlled object
at a given value, the
deviation
small
and
stable.
And
as
long
as
the
change
of
control
algorithms
and
applications can achieve more complex control. Such as feedforward control and the
best control. Under normal circumstances, DDC-level control often more complex as
the implementation of advanced control level.
2, supervisory computer control system supervisory computer control system for
a particular production process, according to the production process of various states,
according to the production process of the mathematical model to calculate the best
production
equipment
should
be
running
a
given
value,
and
the
best
value
automatically or manually on the DDC Executive-level computer or analog meter to
align the regulation or control of the target set. By a DDC or adjust the instrument at
various
points
on
the
production
process
(running
equipment)
to
exercise
control.
SCC system is that it can guarantee the production process is always controlled the
situation
in
the
best
condition
to
run,
so
get
the
most
benefit.
SCC
results
directly
affect the merits of the first of its mathematical model, this should always improve the
operation
process
model,
and
modify
the
control
algorithm,
and
application
control
procedures.

3,
multi-level
control
systems
in
modern
manufacturing
enterprises
in
the
production
process
not
only
the
need
to
address
the
problem
of
online
control,
and
Huan Zhi Li called for a solution of production problems, the daily product line, the
number of arrangements for planning and scheduling, and Rose plans develop a long
term planning, notice Xiaoshou prospects, there was multi-level control system. DDC
class
is
mainly
used
for
direct
control
of
the
production
process,
for
PID,
or
feedforward control; SCC level is mainly used for optimal control or adaptive control
or learning control calculation, and command and control the same DDC class report
back to the MIS class. DDC level usually microcomputers, SCC-level general use of
small
computers
or
high-end
microcomputers.
MIS
Workshop
main
function
of
governance
is
based
on
plant-level
production
of
varieties
issued,
the
number
of
orders and collect up the production process of the state of information, at any time
reasonable schedule to achieve optimal control, command and SCC-level supervisory
control. Factory management level MIS main function is to accept the company and
factory production tasks assigned by the actual situation of optimized computing, Zhi
Ding
factory
production
plans
and
short-term
(ten
days
or
weeks
or
days)
arrangements,
and
then
issued
to
the
plant-level
production
tasks.
Corporate
governance
level
MIS
main
function
is
to
guess
the
market
demand
computing
to
develop strategic long-term development planning, and contract orders, raw material
supply situation and the production conditions, comparison of the optimal production
program selection and calculation, work out the entire company business a long time
(months
or
ten
days)
of
the
production
plan,
sales
plan,
assigned
to
the
task
of
the
factory
management
level.
MIS-level
main
function
is
to
achieve
real-time