电气工程及其自动化专业英语第6章6-3翻译

2021年1月25日发(作者：一等奖学金)
Section 3 Operation and Control of Power Systems
第
3
节

操作和控制的电力系统


The purpose of a power system is to deliver the power the customers require in real time, on demand, within
acceptable voltage and frequency limits, and in a reliable and economic manner.
该系统的目的，权力是为客户提供电
力的时间为客户需要实际需求，
对，
在可接受的电压和频率的限制，
在一个可靠和经济的方式。

In normal operation
of a power system, the total power generation is balanced by the total load and transmission losses.
在电力系统正常运
行的，总发电是平衡的总负荷和传输的损失。

The system frequency and voltages on all the buses are within the
required limits, while no overloads on lines or equipment are resulted.
该系统的频率和电压的 所有公共汽车都在规定
的限额，而没有超载或设备上线造成的。
However, loads are constantly changed in small or large extents, so some
control actions must be applied to maintain the power system in the normal and economic operation state.
但是，负载不
断变化幅度小或大，所 以一些控制行动必须适用于维持在正常和经济运行状态的电力系统。

Optimal economic operation
优化经济运行


It is an important problem how to operate a power system to supply all the (complex) loads at minimum cost.
这是
一个重要的问题如何操作电源系统，
以提供所有的负载以最低的成本
（复 杂）
。

The basic task is to consider the cost
of generating the power and to assign the allocation of generation ( P Gi) to each generator to minimize the total

其基本任务是考虑发电成本的生
成和 分配产生的分配性（
P
基）每个发电机，以尽量减少总的“生产成本”
，同时满足负载 和传输线路上的损失。

The total cost of operation includes fuel, labor, and maintenance costs, but for simplicity the only variable costs usually
considered are fuel costs. The fuel-cost curves for each generating unit are specified, the cost of the fuel used per hour is
defined as a function of the generator power output. When hydro-generation is not considered, it is reasonable to choose
the PGi on an
总的经营成本，包括燃料，劳动和

维修费用，但只有简单的可变成本通常被认为是燃 料成本。曲
线每个机组的燃料成本是指定的，时间成本占燃料使用的是输出功率定义为一个函数的发电机 。当水文一代是不
考虑它是合理的选择上一的
PGI instantaneous basis (ie always to minimize the present production cost rate).
瞬间的
基础上
（即始终以减低目前的生产成本率）
。

With hydro-generation, however, in dry periods, the replenishment of the
water supply may be a problem.
随着水电发电，
但是，
在干燥的时期，
供应补给的水可能是个问题。
The water used
today may not be available in the future when its use might be more advantageous. Even without the element of the
prediction involved, the problem of minimizing production cost over time becomes much more complicated.

今天使用
的可能不会在将来提供其使用时，可能会更有利 的水。即使没有参与预测的元素，最大限度地减少生产成本的问
题变得更加复杂。

It should be mentioned that economy of operation is not the only possible consideration.
应当提及的
是经济运行的不是唯一可能的考虑。

If the
neighboring utility through a single transmission link, considerations of system security might preclude that solution .
如
果 在“最佳”的经济调度要求所有的权力，是从邻国进口的效用，通过一个单一的传输链路，系统安全的考虑可能会排除这种解决办法。

When water used for hydro- generation is also used for irrigation, nonoptimal releases of water
may be required. Under adverse atmospheric conditions it may be necessary to limit generation at certain fossil-fuel
plants to reduce emissions.
当水发电用于水力发电也用于灌 溉，
水
nonoptimal
释放可能是必要条件。
不良大气下它
可 能需要限制某些植物代化石燃料，以减少排放。


In general, costs, security and emissions are all areas of concern in power plant operation, and in practice the system
is operated to effect a compromise between the frequently conflicting requirements. < br>一般而言，成本，安全和排放装置
运行一切权力领域关注，并在实践中系统的运作产生影响，要求 折衷之间经常发生冲突。


Power system control
电力系统控制


Power system control is very important issue to maintain the normal operation of a system.
电力系统的控制是很
重要的问题，以维持系统的正常运行。

System voltage levels, frequency, tie-line flows, line currents, and equipment
loading must be kept within limits determined to be safe in order to provide satisfactory service to the power system
customers.
系统电压水平，频率，联络线流，线电流和设备装载必须保持确定的限 度内是安全的，以提供满意的
服务，电力系统的客户。


V
oltage levels, line currents, and equipment loading may vary from location to location within a system, and control
is on a relatively l ocal basis.
电压等级，
线路电流和设备负荷可能不 同地点间的系统内，
控制相对升厄恰尔基础上。


For example, generator voltage is determined by the field current of each particular generating unit; however, if the
generator voltages are not coordinated, excess var flows will result. Similarly, loading on individual generating units is
determined by the throttle control on thermal units or the gate controls on hydro-units. Each machine will respond
individually to the energy input to its prime mover. Transmission line loadings are affected by power input from
generating units and their loadings, the connected loads, parallel paths for power to flow on other lines, and their relative
impedances.
例如，发电机电压是由该领域目前的每一个具体单位产生，但是，如果发电机电压不配合，无功流
量将过剩的结果。同样，对个别单位负荷发电，是由热量单位或确定的控制油门水文单位的大门管制。每台机器
回应个别的能量投入到其原动力。输电线路荷载的影响，输入功率发电机组和他们的负荷，连接的负载， 其他电
力线平行的道路上流动以及其相对阻抗。


Active power and frequency control
有功功率和频率控制


For satisfactory operation of a power system, the frequency should remain nearly constant. Relatively close control
of frequency ensures constancy of speed of induction and synchronous motors. Constancy of speed of motor drives is
particularly important for satisfactory performance of all the auxiliary drives associated with the fuel, the feed-water and
the combustion air supply systems. In a network, considerable drop in frequency could result in high magnetizing
currents in induction motors

and

transformers .


对于电力系统运行合格的，频率应该保持几乎不变。较为密切
的保证电动机变频调速同步恒定速度感应 和。驱动电机转速恒定，尤其是在重要的关联的所有辅助驱动器的表现
令人满意燃料，饲料，水和空气供 给系统燃烧。在网络，大幅下降的频率可能会导致电机和变压器激磁电流的高
感应。
The

extensive

use

of electric clocks and the use of frequency for other timing purpose require accurate
maintenance of synchronous time which is proportional to integral of frequency. As a consequence, it is necessary to
regulate not only the frequency itself but also its integral. The frequency of a system is dependant on active power
balance. As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is
reflected throughout the system by a change in frequency.
广泛使用的电动时钟和定时的目的使用的频率为其他需要
作为一个同步时间是成正比的积分。结果准确的频率维持，它是要规范，不仅本身的频率，而且它的积分 。该系
统是一个频率依赖于积极的力量平衡。由于频率是
1
点共同的因素在整个系统， 有源电力需求的变化是反映整个
系统的频率变化。


Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means

must

be

provided

to
allocate change in demand to the generators. A
speed governor on each generating unit provides the primary speed control
function, while supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation.

In an interconnected system with two or more independently controlled areas, in addition to control of frequency, the
generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange. The control of generation
and frequency is commonly referred to as load- frequency control (LFC).
在一个相互联系的系统控制区的两个或两个以上独立此外，在控制的频率，在每个地区的一代已被控制，以保持计划的权力交换。的生成控制和频率通常 被
称为频率为负载控制（消失模）
。


The control measures of power and frequency include:
功率和频率的控制措施包括：


（
1
）
Regulation of the generator's speed governor
（
1
）总督调节发电机的速度


（
2
）
Underfrequency load shedding
（
2
）低频减载


（
3
）
Automatic generation control (AGC)
（
3
）自动发电控制（
AGC
）


AGC is an effective means for power and frequency control in large-scale power systems.
大型电力系统
AGC
的是