关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-25 03:23
tags:

-

2021年1月25日发(作者:fighters)

机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语


Chapter One Materials and Mechanical Elements Lesson 1Introduction for
Materials Designers and engineers are usually more interested in the
behavior of materials under load or when in amagnetic field in why they
behave as they the better one understands the nature of materials
and the reasons for their physical and mechanical properties the more
quickly and wisely will he/she be able to choose the proper material for
agiven lly,a material property is the measured magnitude of
its response to astandard test performed according to astandard
procedure in agiven engineering materials the loads are
mechanical or physical in nature and the properties are recorded in
handbooks or,for new materials,are made available by the
ntly such information is tabulated for room- temperature
conditions only,so when the actual service conditions are at subfreezing
or elevated temperatures,more information is needed.
第一章材料和机械零件

第一课材料介绍

设计者和工程师们通常都 会对在加载状态下或处于磁场中的材料的性能更感兴趣,
而不关心它们为什么具有这个性能。然而,一个 人若能更好地理解这些材料的性质
和它们的物理和机械的性能原因,了解得越清楚,他
/
她就能更快速和准确地选择
合适的材料。通常,材料性能是在给定的环境条件下按照规定的方法进行的 标准试
验所获得的测定值。事实上,工程材料中的加载实质上是机械的或物理的加载,并
且性能 是记录在手册上的,或者,对于新材料来说,是应由供应商来提供性能手册
的。一般来说类似的信息仅仅 是在室温条件下被列表显示的,因此,当实际的操作
条件是在冰点以下或在高温条件下,则会需要更多的 信息。

Lesson 4Gears Helical gears have certain advantages

for example,when
connecting parallel shafts they have ahigher loadcarrying capacity than
spur gears with the same tooth numbers and cut with the same
e of the overlapping action of the teeth,they are smoother
in action and can operate at higher pitch-line velocities than spur
pitch-line velocity is the velocity of the pitch
the teeth are inclined to the axis of rotation,helical gears create an
axial used singly,this thrust must be absorbed in the shaft
thrust problem can be overcome by cutting two sets of
opposed helical teeth on the same ing on the method of


manufacture,the gear may be of the continuous-tooth herringbone variety
or adouble-helical gear with aspace between the two halves to permit the
cutting tool to run -helical gears are well suited for the
efficient transmission of power at high speeds.
第四课齿轮

斜齿轮有某些优点;例如,在具有相同齿数且用同样的 刀具来加工的情况下,连接
平行轴的斜齿轮的承载能力要比直齿轮更高一些。由于轮齿的重叠作用,斜齿 轮在
运动中比直齿轮更平稳,并且能够以更高的节线速度来运行。节线速度就是节圆的
线速度。 由于轮齿向轴线的旋转方向倾斜,故斜齿轮产生了一个轴向推力。如果是
单个的齿轮,这个推力必定会被 轴向轴承吸收。通过在同一个坯件上切削两组相对
的斜齿轮,能够克服推力的问题。根据不同的制造方法 ,齿轮可以是连续的人字形
齿轮,或者是在两列斜齿之间留一间隙的双斜齿形齿轮,以便切削刀具通过。 双斜
齿形齿轮更适合以高速度进行高效地传送。

Lesson 6Dimensioning The design of amachine includes many factors other
than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the
proper construction or manufacture can begin,it is
necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all
necessary information to the shop designer frequently is called
upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the
experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed
before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.
Drawings should be carefully checked to see that the dimensioning is
done in amanner that will be most convenient and understandable to the
production is obvious that adrawing should be made in
such away that it has one and only one particular,shop
personnel should not be required to make trigonometric or other involved
calculations before the production machines can be set up.
第六课标注

要设计一个机床除了要考虑那些已确定的负载和应力并且选择合适的材料 以外,还
包括很多其他的因素。在构造和加工开始以前,必须要把完整的装配图和详细的零
件图 的全部有用的信息传达给工人。设计者经常要在图纸未被送到车间以前检查核
对图纸。每个人在熟悉生产 图纸的各个阶段之前都必须具有丰富的经验并精通加工
工艺。



应该仔细检查图纸,为生产部门作标注时须用一种最合适和最易理解的方式进行,
很明显,一张图纸应该 是有且只有一种解释的。尤其是不能要求车间工人先进行三
角或其他复杂的计算后才能去调整机床。
Chapter Two Machine Tool,Cutting Tool,Jig and Fixture Lesson 1Engine
Lathe(Center Lathe)
An engine lathe is shown diagrammatically in Fig.2.1a

it consists of
ahorizontal bed supporting the headstock,the tailstock,and the
machine tools must have ameans of supporting or holding the
Fig.2.1 the workpiece is gripped at one end by achuck
mounted on the end of the main spindle of the machine and is supported
at the other end by acenter mounted in the tailstock can
be clamped at various positions along the bed to accommodate workpieces
of various workpieces need only be gripped by the chuck.
Primary motion,the rotation of the workpiece(motion C'),is provided by
the movement of aseries of gears driving the main spindle,the gears
being driven by an electric motor mounted at the rear of the
main spindle and the gears are all mounted in the on
the front of the headstock allow various rotational speeds to be sele
cted.
第二章机床,切削刀具,钻模和夹具

第一课车床
(
普通车床
)
一个普通车床的结构如图
2.1 a
所示:它由支撑着主轴箱的卧式床身、尾座以及拖
板三部分组成。所有的机床必须都要有一种 支撑或夹紧工件的方式。在图
2.1
中,
工件通过安装在机床主轴末端的卡盘在一端被 夹紧,并且由装配在尾架上的顶尖在
另一端被支撑。根据被加工工件长度的不同,尾架沿着床身被装夹在 不同的位置。
短的工件仅需要由卡盘夹紧。

主运动,即工件的旋转运动
(< br>也就是
C'
点的运动
)
,是由轮系驱动主轴实现工件旋
转的, 齿轮通过装夹在车床尾部的电机来带动它旋转。主轴和齿轮都装夹在主轴箱
中。主轴箱前部的手柄能够根 据实际需要选择不同的旋转速度。

Lesson 2Horizontal Milling Machine(Horizontal Miller)
There are two main types of milling machines

horizontal and
words again refer to the orientation of the main
the horizontal-milling machine shown in Fig.2.5 the milling


cutter is mounted on ahorizontal arbor driven by the main
tools are therefore rotated(motion C)and the work fed
continuously(motions X'or Y').
The simplest operation,slab milling,is used to generate ahorizontal
surface on the workpiece,as shown in figure shows the
conventional slab-milling operation

if the workpiece had been fed in
the opposite direction,it would tend to climb onto the work surface,and
this type of slab milling is called
that the forces and power consumption are less in climb milling than in
conventional r,high rigidity of the machine tool and work
and tool-holding devices is required for this operation.
第二课卧式铣床

铣床有两种主要类型:卧式和立式。这两种 铣床再一次提到了主轴的方向。如图
2.5
所示的卧式铣床,铣刀被装在水平方向的刀杆上,这 个刀杆由主轴来驱动。刀
具因此是旋转的
(C
运动
)
,并且工件是连 续地进给
(X'

Y'
方向的运动
)


平面铣的加工方式最简单,用来加工工件的水平表面,如图
2.5
所示。该图给出了
平 面逆铣加工;如果工件以相反的方向进给,刀具就像在工件表面上爬行一样,这
种类型的平面铣也叫


铣。一些证据表明,顺铣中的力和功率的消耗比逆铣中的
少。然而,这 就要求机床、工件和夹具要具有更高的硬度。

Lesson 3Shaping Machine(shaper)
The shaper is asmall machine on which the primary motion is
linear(Fig.2.17).The single-point tool is gripped in atoolhead mounted
on the end of ram is made to move backward and forward(X
motion)either by amechanical drive system or ahydraulic piston and
cutting stroke is the forward stroke,and with either
mechanical or hydraulic shapers the forward ram speed is slower than the
speed on the return stroke,causing the production time to be reduced as
much as possible.A quick-return mechanism often used in mechanical
shapers is shown in all shapers the length of the stroke can
be adjusted to suit the particular workpiece being feed is
applied to the workpiece in increments at the end of the return stroke
of the ram by arachet-and-pawl mechanism driving the lead screw in the
crossrail.
Shapers are most commonly used to machine flat surfaces on small
components and are only suitable for low-baton the


machining of ahorizontal surface(Fig.2.17),the workpiece is fed
horizontally(Y'motion)

for vertical surfaces,the workpiece is fed
vertically(Z'motion).
第三课牛头刨床
(
成型机
)
牛头刨床是一个小型机床,它的主运动 是直线运动
(

2.17)
。它的单刃刨刀被夹
紧在刀架上,装卡在 滑枕的末端。机械的驱动或者液压的活塞缸使得滑枕在
X
轴方
向上进行前后移动。它向 前供进的行程即为切削行程,并伴随着机械或者液压的成
型机,滑枕向前的速度要比它回程的速度慢得多 ,这就会使加工时间尽可能的快,
以提高工作效率。通常,用在机械牛头刨床的快回机械如图
2 .18
所示。在所有的
牛头刨床中,回程的长度均可根据需要做出相应的调整以适应不同的待加 工工件。
在滑枕返程的末端,进给被应用于工件的增量上,通过横导轨内的丝杆来驱动棘轮
棘爪 机构。

牛头刨床大多用于加工普通的小零件的平面表面,并且仅适合小批量加工生产。对于一个机件的水平表面的加工
(

2.17)
,工件沿水平方向进行进给
(
沿
Y'
轴方向运

)
;对于垂直表面的加工,工 件以垂直的方向进给
(Z'
轴方向
)


Lesson 4Automatic Machines Afinal class of automatic lathe is the
multispindle lathes are basically flexible,rotary-
transfer machines where each spindle holding acollet or chuck is indexed
around the various tooling positions so that during each indexing cycle
acompleted component is cams instead of disk cams are used
in these machines.
Another class of machine tool that can be mechanized is the internal or
external cylindrical fitted with mechanisms for loading
workpieces automatically and with automatic wheel-dressing devices,these
machines can continually produce finished workpieces are
often stacked in amagazine,and the operator simply ensures that the
magazine is replenished with workpieces at suitable e
the components are small and the machining forces light,magnetic chucks
are often employed to facilitate automatic work holding.
第四课自动机床

最后一组的自动车床是多主轴自动机床。这类机 床基本上是灵活的旋转自动机,它
的每一根轴上都有一个夹头或卡盘,可以绕不同位置的刀具转位,因此 ,每转位一
次就加工出一个零件。在这类机床中,凸轮轴取代了盘形凸轮被使用。



另一类可以实现机械化的机床是内部的或外部的外圆磨床。当装上带有自动砂轮修
整 装置的自动装载工件的机械时,这些机床能够不断地生产成品组件。工件堆放在
自动储存送料装置上,而 操作者只需在适当的时间内将工件补放到送料装置上。因
为这些组件很小,并且加工力道很轻,磁性夹头 通常采用自动方式,以方便运行。

Lesson 5Jigs and Fixtures When several identical workpieces are to be
produced the need to mark out each part is eliminated by the use of jigs
and fixtures,but if acasting or forging is involved,a trial workpiece is
marked out,to ensure that the workpiece can be produced from it,and to
ensure that ribs,cores, not become misplaced.
Jigs and fixtures are alike in that they both incorporate devices to
ensure that the workpiece is correctly located and clamped,but they
differ in that jigs incorporate means of tool guiding during the actual
cutting operation,and fixtures do practice,the only cutting tools
that can be guided while actually cutting are drills,reamers,and similar
cutters

and so jigs are associated with drilling operations,and
fixtures with all other es may incorporate means of
setting the cutting tools relative to the location system.
第五课钻模和夹具

当若干相同的工件需要加工时,通过使用钻模和夹具可不必对每个 工件都进行划
线。但如果加工的是铸件或锻件,则仍需对试件进行划线,以确保加工出合格的样
件,而不致造成加强筋、内孔等位置偏移。

钻模和夹具类似,都是确保工件正确定位和夹紧的 装置,但也有不同之处,钻模具
有在实际加工过程中仍能导引刀具的元件,而夹具则没有。实际上,在切 削过程中
只有对钻头、铰刀以及类似的刀具才能进行导引,所以钻模通常与钻削加工相关
联,而 夹具是与其他所有加工方法相关联的。夹具可纳入设置相对定位系统的调刀
手段。

Chapter Three Conventional and Nonconventional Machining Lesson 1Term
and Definitions All metal-cutting operations can be likened to the
process shown in Fig.3.1,where the tool is wedge-shaped,has astraight
cutting edge,and is constrained to move relative to the workpiece in
such away that alayer of metal is removed in the form of .3.1b
depicts the general case of cutting known as oblique cutting.A special
case of cutting,where the cutting edge of the tool is arranged to be
perpendicular to the direction of relative work-tool motion(Fig.3.1a),is
known as orthogonal orthogonal cutting represents atwo-
dimensional rather than athree-dimensional problem,it lends itself to

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-01-25 03:23,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/563829.html

机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语的相关文章