专题一 现在完成时(绝对经典)

2021年1月25日发(作者：巫兰英)

专题一



现在完成时
(
教师用
)
◆教学重点


现在完成时


日积月累


短文填空



◆教学难点


现在完成时表持续

◆教学内容

现在完成时

一、
构成：
have (has) +
过去分词。
规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，
在动词词尾加< br>ed;
不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。

现以
see the film
为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：

肯定句：
I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.
否定句：
I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.

He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.

疑问句：
Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they
haven’t.

Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.


二、
用法：
现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。

用法 一
：
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与
ju st
（刚刚）
，
already
（已经）
，
never（从来没有）
，
ever
（曾经）
，
before
（以 前）
，
yet
（仍然）
，
once
（一次）
，twice
（两次）
，
many times
（很多次）
，
how many times
（多少次）
，
so far
（迄今为止）
，
during the past
（
last
）
three years
（最近三年来）
等连用。

※副词的位置：
①
just
常用于肯定句中，
放在
have / has
后，
He has
just
come .
②
never
表示否定
,
放在
have / has
后
, He has
never
visited the Great Wall.
③
ever
用于疑问句中
,
句型为
: Have / Has
＋主语＋
ever

＋过去分词？
“…
曾
经
……
过吗？
”
用于询问某人过去的经历。
Have you
ever
been to the farm
？

④
before
用于句末，
The woman has never heard of that
before
.
⑤
yet
用于句末或
not
之后
.Has the train arrived
yet
? No, not
yet.

⑥
already
用于肯定句
, have / has
之后或句末
.We have
already
finished it.
⑦
so far
用于句首或句末
.
So far,
we have visited the moon.
用法二：
表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

①
or
＋表示一段时间的词语
I have taught English
for 19 years
。

②
since
＋表示过去时间点的词语
He has been at this school
since 1986
.
③
since
＋表示过去的时间状语从句
I have lived here
since I was born.

④
since
＋一段时间＋
ago. I have known him
since 20 years ago.

三、
现在完成时态中可以和表示 一段时间状语
（
for
，
since
，
how long, all one’s life
）
连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词
，即 延续性动词。如：
be
，
have
，
know
，
l ive
，
work
，
study
，
learn
，< br>teach
，
keep
，
speak
，
talk，
draw
，
wait
，
wear
，
walk
，
sleep
，
drive
，
write
，
do
，
clean
等。

I
have been
a teacher
for nearly 20 years
.
How long
has he lived here?
常见的相应转换形式如下
:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move /
reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open ,
close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away
（
from
）
,go to school→be in school
/ be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to
know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back,

1

join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get
a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,

他参军已有三年
.He has joined the army for three years.
（错）改为
:
He
has been in
the army for three years / since three years ago.
He
has been a soldier
for three years / since three years ago.
He joined the army three years ago.
It is three years since he joined the army.
Three years has passed since he joined the army.

四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

1.
have been to
和
have gone to
的区别

have been to
强调
“
去过
”
，现已不在那里，已经回来了，如：

He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过 三次。
（过去
“
到美国
”
，现在已
“
不在美国”
）

have gone to
主要强调的是
“
去了
”
，现在人不在说话的现场，如：

--Where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪？

--She has gone tothe hospital. --
她去医院了。

2
. have been to
和
have been in
的区别

have been t o
强调人
“
已回到原地
”
，后面可接表示
“
次数< br>”
的状语。

eg.--How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.
have been in
表示某人
“
已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里
”
， 其后常带表
示一段时间的状语。

eg.
①
They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.
他们在车站呆了半小时。
（现在仍然在车站）

②
We have been in Xi'an for two weeks.
我们在西安呆了两个多星期。
（现仍在西安）

③
How long have they been in China?
他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）


★牛刀小试

一、用动词的正确形式填空

1. We ________________(study ) in Little Star English since two years ago.
2.
---__________Oxfam
Trailwalker
__________
_(be)
one
of
Hong
Kong’s
biggest
fund- raising events since 1981?

---Yes , it__________.


3. Tsunami ______________(not happen) in the south-east of China recently.
4. My father ___________ (read) the novel twice.
5. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it? Do you know?----
Sorry, I don’t know.

6. ----
She ______________(buy) a Hello Kitty for you , hasn’t she?

---Yes, she _______.She __________(buy) it in Sanrio Puroland last summer.
7. This is the nicest park I __________(see).
8. ---Are you sure you_______________(lose) your dictionary?

2

---
Yes, I _______________(look) for it everywhere , but I still can’t find it.

9. The children _________ (enjoy) themselves in the party last Sunday morning..
10. They _________ (study) English for a long time.
二、对下列句子划线部分提问：

1.

Miss Brown has taught physics for 15 years.(
改为一般疑问句句，并作肯定回
答）

______ __________________________________________________ ____
2.

The soldiers have already planted some trees on the river bank.
（改为否定句）

_________________________ ___________________________________
3.

He has planted some trees in front of his house.
_______________________________________ _____________________
4.

Daniel has collected some Chinese stamps.
_______________ _____________________________________________
5.

The two Australian teachers have visited that village twice.
__________________ __________________________________________
6.

My friend has been away for about a month.
_______________________________________ _____________________
7.

Millie hasn't come because he is ill.
______________________ ______________________________________
8.

She will be back in two days.(
用
for two days
改写
)
_____________________________ ________________________________
三、句型转换

1. The dress is very beautiful. I want to buy it very much. (
同义句
)
The dress is






beautiful






I want to buy it very much.
2. He can help us because he has organized a charity show before. (
对划线部分提问
)


________________

____________ he _____________ us?
3. I wonder who can join in this party. (
同义句
)


I wonder who can ________

_________

_______ this party.
4. To join the Riding Club is fun. (
用
it
改写
)


____________ is ___________

__________

_________ the Riding Club.
5. We learnt Japanese last year. (
同义句
)

3



Japanese ______

________ _____ _____ ______ ________ .

6. I have known Sandy since three years ago. (
对划线部分提问
)


___________

___________

____________ you ________ Sandy?
7. They borrowed the book three days ago.
（同义句）



They ____________

_______________ the book ____________three days.
8. He is watching TV now. (
用
at that time
改写
)


He ______________


____________ TV at that time.
9. I’ll show my friend these photos when I come back. (
同义句
)
I’ll show these photos







my friend





















I come back.
10.

Millie spent at least 50 yuan on the dictionary. (
同义句
)
Millie







at least 50 yuan






the dictionary.
The dictionary






Millie at least 50 yuan.
11. My father bought the car half a year ago.
（同义句）


My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year.

12. We got to know each other for about 15 years.
（同义句）


We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.

13. The film began ten minutes ago.
（同义句）


The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes.

14. I borrowed this book two weeks ago.
（同义句）


I _________ ________ this book for two weeks.

四、根据汉语提示完成句子

1
．你最近收到你爸爸的来信了吗？

_______ you ______ ________ your father _________ ?
2.

我已经很长时间没有拜访过我姑姑了。

I ________

________ my aunt ______ ______ _______ _______.
3.

Simon
曾经去过几次中国。

Simon _______ _______ _______ China for ______ ______ _______.
4.

他们已经去电影院了。

They ______ ______ ______

______ the cinema.

4

5.

Smith
夫妇还没有回来。





The Smiths _______ _______ _______ ________.
五、

选择填空

1.(



) Mr. Dong _______ actually _______ in Kowloon Walled City since he was
very young.






A. have …lived



B. has…lived



C. have…live



D. has …living

2.(



)----Do you know Yao Ming very well?
----Of course !.I _________a lot of news about him on TV so far.
A. read






B. am reading


C. have read



D. reads
3.(



)---
Now Nanjing is so beautiful that I can’t recognize it when I came back.

---Yes. Great changes _______________ in the past ten years.
A. has taken place



B. have taken place


C. took place


D. take place
4.(



)--Where is my English book ? --
I __________it here but I can’t find it now.







A. putted



B. have just put




C. was putting



D. am putting
5.(



)It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you _______ cooking dinner yet, Sandy.








A. didn’t start


B. haven’t started

C. don’t start



D. won’t start

6.(



) Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.
A. h
ad made…have tried









B. made…have tried

C. has made…tried














D. made…tried

7.(



) “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he learn?” “Last year”

d…has B. learned…did C. has learned…has D. has learned…did

8.(



) Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there !






A. has get…is B. has climbed…was C. got …was D. climbed…is

9.(



) ____ you _____ the text _____ ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…yet…did







B. Have…copied…already…have







C. Have…copied…yet…did




D. Did …copy…ever…had

10.(



) ---Have you got the plan ready ______?



---No,_________.
A. already , not yet

B. yet , not yet

C. already , I haven’t

D. ever , not yet


日积月累

accept vt.
接受
,
同意
,
承担

across

prep.
横过，穿过


5

active

a.
积极的；活跃的；勤奋的

advice

n.
忠告，劝告，建议

against

prep.
对着，反对

agree

v.
同意，应允

allow

vt.
允许，准许

angry

a.
生气的，愤怒的

attention

n.
注意
,(
口令
)
立正
!
appear

vi.
出现

around

ad.
在周围，在附近
prep.
在
…
周围，大约

worry about
担心，

烦恼

wake up
醒来

wait for
等候，等待

used to sth.
习惯于

used to do sth.
过去常常

try on
试穿，试试看

too…to
太
……
以至于不
……

not any more (=no more)
不再

think about
考虑（是否去做）


短文填空

alone

a.
单独的，孤独的

already

ad.
已经

among

prep.
在
…
中间，

在（三个
以上）之间

arrive

vi.
到达，达到

another

a.
再一，
另一，
别的，
不同
的

pron.
另一个

write down
写下，记下

turn off
关掉（水、电、电视、收音机
等）

turn on
打开
（水、
电、
电视、
收音机、
灯、煤气等）

turn down
关小，调低

think of
想起，考虑，认为

thousands of
成千上万

no longer(not any longer)
不再

not …until
直到
……
才



用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

old,

shoe,

stand,

foot,

pick,

small,

feel,

clear,

need,

use

Learn to share
One day, while I was sitting in my car in a parking area, I noticed a young boy in
front of my car.
is 1.
picking
up a coin from the ground.
stood
up, we saw each other 3.

clearly
, He was not 4.
older

than ten and was wearing one blue glove(
手套
) and
One brown glove. His coat was too 5.


small
for him.
As he walked away, I saw his 6.
shoes
, which were too old to wear, I rolled
down my window and called him over.

6

I asked him if he 7.
needed
some money.

He replied,
The parking area was wet, 1 could tell that his 8.
feet
were cold because he kept
moving his weight from one foot lo the other,

钞票
).
is shared, it is much more 9.
useful
.
He look off one of his gloves and took the money from my hand. His small hand
was red and cold.
He smiled and went away after saying


feel

warm in the cold winter.

词语辨析

1. have been to/have gone to/have been in

(1 ) - Hello , could I speak to Mr. Brown?
-Sorry, he






the library.
(2)





you

ever








Beijing?
- Yes, it's a beautiful city.
(3) -How long




you






Harbin?
-Twenty year
。

【分析比较】

have/has been
切意为

曾经去过某地

但目前已不在那里。
(2)
题
意为

你曾经去过北京吗
?
双方交谈的地点已不在北京。故
(2)
应为
Have; been
to
。
have/has gone

表示

去了某地

主要强调人不在说话地点。(1)
题意为

请找
Mr. Brown
接电话好吗
?
对不起，他去了图书馆口

也许在去图书馆的途中，也
许已到了图书馆，
但主要强调
Mr. Brown
不在此处。
故
(1)
应为
has gone to
。
have/has
been in
意为

在某地< br>(
逗留、
工作、
生活、
学习多久
)
强调状态延续的时 间。
(3)
的
How long...
意指

你在哈尔滨待多久了
?
。

故
(3)
应为
have; been in
。

2. already/yet/ever/never/just
(1 ) -Have you






visited the Great Wall?


- Yes , many times.
(2) Hurry up! It's






seventeen past ten !
(3) When you arrived , Tom had only





left
(4) I have






seen such an interesting film before.
(5) -Have you watered the plants






?



-Yes, I have.
【分析比较】
already
意为

已经

多用于肯定句中。这里表示比期待的时间要晚
的含义。
(2)
题意为

快点
!
已经十点十七分了
!
。故
(2)
应为
already
。
yet
表示

已经，至今，
还

多用于否定句和疑问句中。
(5)
题意为
< br>你已经浇了植物了吗
7
。
故
(5)
应为
yet
。
ever
意为

曾经

表示到现在为止的任何时候 ，多用于疑问句中。
(1)
题意为

你曾经参观过长城吗
?
，

是的，很多次。

。故
(1)
应为
ever
。
never
意
为

未曾，从来没有是否定词。
(4) < br>题意为

我以前从未看过这么有趣的电影
!
。
故
(4)
应为
never
。
just
意为

刚刚，
刚才

一般用于肯定句中。
(3)
题意为

你到时，

Tom
才刚走。

。故
(3)
应为
just
。


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