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外研社高中英语教材电子版

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-25 04:07
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2021年1月25日发(作者:ram是什么)
[教材优化全析]

Introduction

1
.In
ancient
China

private
teachers
traveled
from
state
to
state
explaining their philosophy.
在古代中国,许多私塾先生都周游各国宣传他们的哲学思想。

philosophy

U
]哲学;哲学体系。例如:

the philosophy of Aristotle

亚里士多德的哲学体系


2
.Confucius
was
the
most
important
of
the
ancient
Chinese
philosophers.
孔夫子是当代中国最重要的哲学家。

philosopher

C
]哲学家,思想家;贤人,哲人;学者。例如:

the Greek philosophers
希腊哲学家

take things like a philosopher
达观处世

3
.Confucius

s teachings influences society for more than 2000 years.
孔子的思想教诲影响了社会两千多年。

teachings

U
]教义;教诲;教导。例如:

the teachings of the Church
教会的教义

the teachings of Buddha
佛教的教义

4
.Other important thinkers included Mengzi and Mozi.
其他的思想家还有孟子和墨子。

thinker

C
]思想家,思索者。例如:

a great thinker
伟大的思想家

a shallow thinker
浮浅的思想家


5
.All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good
government.
这三位思想家都相信仁政的重要性。

importance

U
]重要性,重大。例如:

the importance of education
教育的重要性

the importance of the problem
问题的重要性

a person of importance
一位重要的人物

news of importance
重要新闻

6
.For
example

he
hated
the
idea
of
war
and
believed
that
strong
people should look after weaker people.
比如,他痛恨战争并且认为强者应当照顾弱者。

look after
照顾,照料。例如:

My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.
在我去度假的时候,我的朋友照料我的猫。

He

s good at looking after himself.
他很会照顾自己。

7
.All human beings are equal.
所有的人都是平等的。



思维拓展

economic philosophy
经济哲学

educational philosophy
教育哲学

moral philosophy
道德哲学

思维拓展

a moral philosopher
伦理学家

a natural philosopher
自然哲学家;物理学家


思维拓展

methods of teaching
教学方法

class teaching
班级教学

思维拓展

thinking
adj
.
思想的,有思考力
的,有理性的


U
]思想;意见

thinkable
adj
.
可考虑的,可想象的

思维拓展

attach importance to sth.
认为某事物重要

put importance on sth.
认为某事物重要




思维拓展

look back
回顾;停滞

look around
环顾四周

look forward to
盼望

look down upon
轻视

look out
当心,小心

look through
大略地看

look up
查看;抬头看

思维拓展

on equal terms
平等相处

equal
adj
.
平等的;相等的。例如:

All men are born equal.
人生而平等。

Fight for equal rights of men and women.
为男女权利平等而奋斗。

8
.People are more important than rulers.
人民比统治者重要


ruler

C
]统治者;主宰者。例如:

He was the first ruler of the empire.
他是这个帝国的第一位统治者。

9
.I very much agree with statement 4.
我非常同意第四种陈述。

agree with
v
.
同意。例如:

We all agree with what he said.
我们都同意他说的话。

At last

she agreed with my words.
最后,她同意了我的观点。

I think I will agree with you.
我想我会同意你的意思。

Reading and V
ocabulary

t China was a place where states were often at war.
古代中国是一个战乱频繁的地方。


war

C

&

U
]战争, 战争状态。例如:

the horrors of war
战争的恐怖

the outbreak of war
战争的爆发

the art of war
兵法(战略和战术)

the Second World War
第二次世界大战

nuclear war
核战争

the civil war
国内战争

it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
但同时也是一个拥有很多伟大哲学家的一个时期。

time

C
]时期;时代。例如:

in ancient times
古代


hard times
艰苦时代

ahead of one

s time

思想超时代的

behind the times

落伍,跟不上时代

in the times of Henry


在亨利三世时代

in modern times
在现代

stressed the importance of kindness

duty and order in society.
他强调仁义、道德

、礼仪在社会中的重要性。


1

kindness

U


仁慈;和蔼;好意。例如:

Thank you for all your kindness.
感谢你的帮助。

They were keeping her only out of kindness.
be equal to
等于

feel equal to
能胜任

without equal
无人可比的


思维拓展

as a rule
一般而言

by rule
按照规定

make it a rule to do sth.
习惯做某事

思维拓展

agree with
(食物、气候)适合人

agree to

同意人的计划(安排、建议)

agree on
就某事达成共识

agree to do
同意做某事

agree that...
同意……


全析提示

句中
where
引导的定语从句修饰
先行词
place


思维拓展

at war
与……处于战争状态

go to war
进入战争状态

declare war on/upon
向……宣战

drift into war
卷入战争


全析提示

句中
when
引导的定语从句修饰
a time


思维拓展

at one time
曾经

at a time
一次,同时

in no time
立即,立刻

kill time
消磨时间

take one

s time
慢慢来

思维拓展

out of kindness
出于仁慈,出于好意

kill with kindness
以溺爱害人


他们出于仁慈之心才一直收养着她。


2

duty < br>[
C


U

(道德上的)责任,义务。例如:
Do not forget your duty to your parents.
不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。

The children send their duty to their teachers.
孩子们对他们的老师很尊敬。


3

order
n
.
礼仪。例如:

the order of service as laid down in the Prayer Book
祈祷书上规定的礼仪

was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of
Confucius.
孟子是一个思想家,他的思想和孔子有些类似。




that
是代词,代替
teachings
。例如:

The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中国的人口比日本的多。

The air of a suburb is cleaner than that of a city.
郊外的空气比都市的(空气)干净。


5
.His father died when he was young

and he was brought up by his
mother.
他很小的时候,他父亲就去世了,他由母亲带大。

bring up
养育,抚养。例如
:
She brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。

He was brought up respect authority.
他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育。

His parents died when he was a baby and he was brought up by her aunt.
他出生后不久父母双亡,是由姑母抚养大的。

r

when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice

he resigned.
然而,当他看到统治者不采取他的建议时,他辞职了。

resign
v
.
辞职;放弃(权利)
。例如:

resign one

s position

as secretary


辞去(秘书)职务

resign office
辞职

resign from a job
辞职

resign his post
辞职


many
years
he
traveled
from
state
to
state

teaching
the
principles of Confucius.
多年来,他周游各国传授孔子的道德思想。

principle

U
]道义;为人之道。例如:


do one

s duty
尽职;尽本分

fail in one

s duty
失职

on duty
值班;

值日;

值勤



in order
有秩序

out of order
次序紊乱

keep order
维持秩序

思维拓展

be familiar to
为……所熟悉

be familiar with
熟悉,通晓,精通


思维拓展

that
代替前边的名词,以避免重
复。另外,
one
也有这种用法,
可以代替前边的名词、短语或句
子。

思维拓展

bring about
引起,导致

bring down
降低(价格)

bring in
引进,赚入

bring on
使发生,引起

bring out
显示出

bring along
带来

bring back
回忆;使忆起



思维拓展

be
resigned
to
a
state
lagging
behind
自甘落后

not resign oneself to
不甘心

resign oneself to
听从


resign oneself to exti nction
束手待毙



思维拓展

in principle
原则上;大致上

on principle
It
is
a
matter
of
principle
with
her
to
answer
her
children

s
questions
honestly.
如实地答复孩子们的询问对她来说关系到做人的大问题。

8
.Mengzi
believed
that
the
reason
why
man
is
different
from
the
animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因在于人是善良的。

这个句子是一个很复杂的复合句。例如:

I don

t know the reason why he looks unhappy.
我不知道他为什么看上去不高兴。

9
.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.
墨子创立了墨子哲学。

found
vt
.
创立(学说等)
;创办。例如:

The school was founded in 1920.
这所学校创立于
1920
年。

The ancient Romans founded colonies throughout Europe.
古罗马人在整个欧洲建立了殖民地。

10
.In some ways

his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.
在某些方面,他的主张和孔子的差不多。

belief

C

&

U


信念,信仰,信条。例如:

a strong belief in God

虔诚地信仰上帝

the Christian belief
基督教信仰

11
.As
a
result

he
spent
many
years
trying
to
find
a
state
where
people would follow his teachings.
结果,他花了很多年的时间想找一个人们能听从他教诲的国家。

spend time

in

doing
花费时间做……。例如:

I spent an hour reading.
我花了一小时来读书。

Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve
themselves at school or college.
现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造。


12
.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after
those who are weaker than ourselves.
墨子教导我们应该去爱护所有的人,去照顾那些比我们自己弱小的
人。

该句是一个比较复杂的复合句。

Function

1
.Often

the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have
enough love.
通常,人们之所以不高兴的原因是他们没有足够的爱。

The reason...is that...
……的原因是……;……的理由是……。例如:

The reason why I

m late is that I missed the bus.
我迟到的原因是我没赶上公共汽车。

The
reason
why
he
did
not
buy
the
clothes
was
that
the
price
was
too
按照原则(或道德标准)
;根据
原则(或道德标准)


全析提示

believe
后边是
that
引导的宾语从< br>句;
why
引导的是定语从句,修

reason

第二个
that
引导的是
表语从句。


思维拓展

found

organize

es tablish

form
辨析
:
found
“建立” 或“成立”

form
“组成”

“构成”

or ganize
“建
立”
,更强调整个机构中应当分
工严密;
esta blish
奠定基础。

思维拓展

beyond belief
令人难以置信

have belief in
相信,信任



全析提示

该句中
where
引导一个定语从
句,修饰
state


思维拓展

spend time on sth.
花费时间……

spend money on sth.

花钱,用钱

spend oneself
耗尽精力,精疲力竭

全析提示
< br>其

that








taught
的宾语;
who
引导的定语
从句修饰先 行词
those



思维拓展

by reason of
由于

reason sb. into sth.
说服某人干某事

reason sb. out of
劝人不要……

There is reason in ....
(某事)有道理。

high.
他没买那件衣服的原因是价钱太高了。

The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。

2
.Mengzi resigned because the ruler was not following his advice.
孟子辞职是因为统治者不听取他的意见。

follow one

s advice=take one

s advice
接受某人的意见。例如:

He would not follow/take our advice.
他不会听从我们的意见的。

advice

U


忠告,劝告,建议。例如:

I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.
我请老师对我的未来去向作些建议。

Her advice to me was to work harder.
她给我的忠告是更加努力地工作。

V
ocabulary and speaking

1
.a sense of responsibility
责任感


respon sibility

U

&

C
]责任;职责;义 务。例如:

a post of responsibility
有责任的职务

accept responsibility
承担责任

have a sense of responsibility
有责任感

sense

U
]意念;意识;……的感觉。例如:

a sense of shame
羞耻心

a moral sense
道德观念

a sense of hunger
饥饿感

a sense of humor
幽默感

a musical sense
音乐感

2.
honesty

U

诚实,正直,实在。
例如:

Honesty is the best policy.
(谚语)

诚实为上策。

I can< br>’
t

in

all

honesty
believe his story.
老实说,我没办法相信他说的话。


3.
justice

U

公平,公正,正义。
例如:

Everyone should be treated with justice.
每个人都应受到公正的对待。

The justice of these remarks was clear to everyone.
人人都明白这些话是公正的。

4
.respect

vt
.
尊敬;尊重。
例如:

I respect his courage.
我敬佩他的勇气。

I

ll respect your wishes.
我尊重你的愿望。

We will respect your privacy.
我们会尊重你的隐私权。

have reason for

to do


sth.
有做某事的理由(根据)

It stands to reason

that


...
合乎情理的……

思维拓展

by sb.

s advice
依某人劝告

on sb.

s advice
依某人劝告

ask advice of
向……征求意见,请教

give advice
劝告,忠告



思维拓展

responsible
adj
.
有责任的;应负责任的

responsibly
adv
.
负责任地


思维拓展

make sense
有意义


make sense of
理解;懂;明白

in a sense
从某种意义上说

思维拓展

honest
adj
.
诚实的,正直的,可靠的

honestly
adv
.
诚实地,老实地,公正地

思维拓展

bring sb. to justice
使某人受到法律制裁

do justice to
公平对待,说句公道话

思维拓展

give one

s respects to
向……致候

have respect for
尊敬,尊重,重视

have respect to
牵涉到,考虑到

Listening and vocabulary

1.
afford

vt
.
有足够的(时间、金钱)做某事。
例如:

He can afford an apartment.
他能买得起一套住房。

Can you afford $$12 000 for this car?

你花
12 000
美元买这辆车吗?


If we could afford it

we

d like to go abroad for our holidays.
如果出得起旅费,我们想到国外去度假。

2
.bark

U

树皮。
例如:

flake bark
片状树皮

horse chestnut bark
马栗树皮

ordeal bark
毒树皮

primary bark
初生粗皮,初生皮

ring bark
环状剥皮

scaly bark
鳞状树皮

raw bark
粗皮

3
.chemist

C
化学家;药剂师。
例如:

a chemist

s shop
[英]药房

a technical chemist
药学士

organic chemist
有机化学家;有机化学工作者

4
.contribution
[< br>U
]捐助;捐款。
例如:

assistance contribution
援助捐款

silent contribution
隐名捐款

voluntary contribution
自愿捐款

the contribution of money to charity
慈善捐款

additional special contribution
额外特别捐款

5
.leaf

C

叶子,叶


pl
.
)< br>leaves

例如:

dead leaves
枯叶

fallen leaves
落叶

green leaves
绿叶

6
.leather

U

皮革。
例如:

leather gloves
皮手套

leather shoes
皮鞋

a leather jacket
皮夹克

be made of leather
用皮革制成的

artificial leather
人造革

crown leather
上等皮革

7
.material

C< br>]
&

U

原料;材料。
例如:

building materials
建筑材料

writing materials
书写材料

raw materials for industry
工业原料


思维拓展

afford
通常与
can

could

be able
to
连用;多用于否定句和疑问
句。




思维拓展

bark

C
]狗叫声,咆哮

vi
.
吠;咆哮地说。

例如:

Dogs always bark at strangers.
狗总是对着陌生人吠。

The officer barked out an order.
那个军官大声发出命令。

思维拓展

chemical
adj
.
化学的

chemistry

U
]化学



思维拓展

contribute
v
.
捐献;贡献;投稿给……

contribute...to...
捐款给……

contribute to
有助于;成为……的原因


思维拓展

in leaf
生叶子的

come into leaf
长叶,发芽


思维拓展

Leather-headed
adj
.
笨头笨脑的

leather-lunged
adj
.
大嗓门的



思维拓展

material
adj
.
物质的

material wealth

物质财富

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