高中英语必修五课文电子版

2021年1月25日发(作者：firetrap)
高中英语必修五课文电子版

必修
5 Unit 1
JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London
-
so
expert,
indeed,
that
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician.
But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor
its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an
outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera
would never be controlled until its cause was found.
He
became
interested
in two
theories
that possibly
explained how cholera
killed people.
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around
until
it
found
its
victims.
The
second
suggested
that
people
absorbed
this
disease
into
their
bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the
affected person died.
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when
another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread
quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets,
the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.
He
was
determined to find out why.
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave
him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water
pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses
(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not
foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the
pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from
the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it
came
from
the
river
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London.
He
immediately
told
the
astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be
used.
Soon
afterwards
the
disease
slowed
down.
He
had
shown
that
cholera
was
spread
by
1

germs and not in a cloud of gas.
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were
linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from
Broad Street, liked
the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she
and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow
was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
To
prevent
this
from
happening
again,
John
Snow
suggested
that
the
source
of
all
the
water
supplies
be
examined.
The
water
companies
were
instructed
not
to
expose
people
to
polluted water any more. Finally


COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY


Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to
ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not
the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other
planets
in the
sky make
sense.
Yet he
could not
tell
anyone about
his theory
as
the
powerful
Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God
had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the
solar system.
The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed
to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and
less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all
planets went round it.
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.
He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain
them.
But
only
his
new
theory
could
do
that.
So
between
1510
and
1514
he
worked
on
it,
gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were
revolutionary.
He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
with
the
planets
going
2

round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was
spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets
and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish
his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church,
so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was
against
God's
idea
and people
who
supported
it
would be
attacked.
Yet
Copernicus' theory
is
now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian
idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the
universe.
Copernicus
showed
this
was
obviously
wrong.
Now
people
can
see
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
his
theory
and
the
work
of
Isaac
Newton,
Albert
Einstein
and
Stephen
Hawking.


必修
5 Unit 2
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England,
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.
First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people
refer
to
England
you
find
Wales
included
as
well.
Next
England
and
Wales
were
joined
to
Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to
was
accomplished
without
conflict
when
King
James
of
Scotland became
King of
England
and
Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the
United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern
part
of
Ireland
was
unwilling
and
broke
away
to
form
its
own
government.
So
only
Northern
Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was
shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.

To
their
credit
the
four
countries
do
work
together
in
some
areas
(eg,
the
currency
and
3

international
relations),
but
they
still
have
very
different
institutions.
For
example,
Northern
Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different
football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into
three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called
the
Midlands
and
the
one
nearest
to
Scotland
is
known
as
the
North.
You
find
most
of
the
population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North
of
England.
Although,
nationwide,
these
cities
are
not
as
large
as
those
in
China,
they
have
world- famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial
cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have
to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British
history and culture.
The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres,
parks
and
buildings.
It
is
the
centre
of
national
government
and
its
administration.
It
has
the
oldest
port
built
by
the
Romans
in
the
first
century
AD,
the
oldest
building
begun
by
the
Anglo- Saxons
in
the
1060s
and
the
oldest
castle
constructed
by
later
Norman
rulers
in
1066.
There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns
and roads. The second, the Anglo- Saxons, left their language and their government. The third,
the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth,
the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.
If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You
must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable
and worthwhile.

SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON

Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to
see
in
London.
Her
first
delight
was
going
to
the
Tower.
It
was
built
long
ago
by
the
Norman
invaders
of
AD
1066.
Fancy!
This
solid
stone,
square
tower
had
remained
standing
for
one
thousand
gh
the
buildings
had
expanded
around
it,
it
remained
part
of
a
royal
4

palace
and
prison
combined.
To
her
great
surprise,
Zhang
Pingyu
found
the
Queen's
jewels
guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four- hundred-year-old
uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked
splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in
memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey,
Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day
by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so
much to tell her friends!
The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the
world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the
eastern
and
western
halves
of
the
world
and
is
very
useful
for
navigation.
It
passes
through
Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the
man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but
he
had
worked
in
the
famous
reading
room
of
the
Library
of
the
British
Museum.
Sadly
the
library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was
gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in
the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and
other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.
The
next
day
Pingyu
was
leaving
London
for
Windsor
Castle.

I
will
see
the
Queen?



必修
5 Unit 3
FIRST IMPRESSIONS

Spacemall: liqiang299A@ 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)
Dear Mum and Dad, I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I
5

have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was
unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet
lag”
you
get
from
flying,
but
it
seems
you
keep
getting
flashbacks
from
your
previous
time
period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping,
was
very
understanding
and
gave
me
some
green
tablets
which
helped
a
lot.
Well-known
for
their
expertise,
his
parents'
company,
called

Tours
transported
me
safely
into
the
future in a time capsule.
I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule
and
we
climbed
in
through
a
small
opening.
The
seats
were
comfortable
and
after
a
calming
drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay
relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was
still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its
combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I
tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.
mask,
he
advised.

make
you
feel
much
better.
He
handed
it
to
me
and
immediately
hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on
my
feet
again
and
following
him
to
collect
a
hovering
carriage
driven
by
computer.
These
carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move
swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast
as
him.
However,
I
lost sight
of
Wang
Ping
when
we
reached
what
looked
like
a
large market
because
of
too
many
carriages
flying
by
in
all
directions.
He
was
swept
up
into
the
centre
of
them. Just at that moment I had a
the
year
AD
2008.
I
realized
that
I
had
been
transported
into
the
future
of
what
was
still
my
hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.
Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a
green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved
- it was made of trees! I
found
later
that
their
leaves
provided
the
room
with
much-needed
oxygen.
Then
Wang
Ping
flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as
if by magic.
6

first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow
you'll
be
ready
for
some
visits.
Having
said
this,
he
spread
some
food
on
the
table,
and
produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid
into bed and fell fast asleep.
More news later from your loving son,
Li Qiang


I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS

My first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an
enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside
was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us
around along a moveable path.
G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest
forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or
computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a
place
the
metal
band
over
your
head,
clear
your
mind,
press
the
sending
button,
think
your
message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the
efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her
message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults
of the user, can we?
During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called
They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them,
the path moved us on.
G: And
now
ladies
and
gentlemen,
we
are
in the

area
used to
collect
waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.)
Well,
now
there's
a
system
where
the
waste
is
disposed
of
using
the
principles
of
ecology.
A
giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned
into
several
grades
of
useful
material,
such
as

for
the
fields
and

for
deserts.
7

Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we
moved on.
G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no
longer
takes
place
on
the
earth
but
on
space
stations
like
this
one.
A
group
of
engineers
programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes,
furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage!
However,
the
companies
have
to
train
their
representatives
to
live
and
work
in
space
settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready
they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.
My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of
the wonderful world of the future.


必修
5 Unit 4 Making the news-Reading
MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT


Never
will
Zhou
Yang
(ZY)
forget
his
first
assignment
at
the
office
of
a
popular
English
newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a
journalist.
HX:
Welcome.
We're
delighted
you're
coming
to
work
with
us.
Your
first
job
here
will
be
an
assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?
HX: (laughing)
That'
s
admirable,
but
I'
m
afraid
it
would
be
unusual
!
Wait
till
you'
re
more
experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover
a story and submit the article yourself.
ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.
HX: No
need
for
a
camera.
You'll
have
a
professional
photographer
with
you
to
take
photographs.
You'll
find
your
colleagues
very
eager
to
assist
you,
so
you
may
be
able
to
8