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本文选自
2007
年
2
月
Harvard Business Review
上一篇名为
The Accidental Influen tials
的
文章,
主要讨论了影响社会流行潮的主要因素:
人们普遍认为社 会流行潮的出现主要是由少数有影响
力的名人推动的,但新研究表明其关键因素却是大部分的直接受影响 者能够积极有效地参与传播过
程。全文中在长难句方面,难度居中。作为
2010
年考 研英语试卷的第三篇阅读,句子难度必然会较
前面题型有所提升,尤其是后半部分难度增加,再加上文中 的一些难词,这必然会给考生造成理解上
的障碍,以致最终影响做题得分。下面就其中的典型例句进行分 析:
【典型例句
1
】:
In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the
finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally
supposed.
【例句解析】:本句中主干成分为
some researchers have come up with the finding
。
that
influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed
是同位
语从句,解释说明
finding;< br>而从句中又含有一个
than
引导的比较状语从句,采用省略主语的结构。
【难点点拨】:
influential
:有影响力的人
;social epidemic
:社会流行潮
【例句释义】:然而,在近期 研究中,一些研究者已经发现:有影响力的人对于社会流行潮的影
响要比通常认为的小得多。
【典型例句
2
】:
Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to
the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their
friends and colleagues directly.
【例句解析】:本句包含一个强调句型,即
it is precisely
…
..who
…
..
,用来强调主语,句
子主干成分为
t hese noncelebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics
。
by
influencing their friends and colleagues directly
是介词短语作方式状语,修饰主干。
【难点点拨】:
noncelebrity
:非知名的
;two-step- flow theory
:两级传播理论
【例句释义】:然而,根据两级传播理论,恰恰是这些非知名但有影响力的人士通 过直接影响他
们的朋友和同事而推动了社会流行潮。
【典型例句
3
】:
If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial
influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won
’
t propagate very far
or affect many people.
【例句解析】:本句主句为
the
cascade
of
change
won
’
t
propagate
very
far
or
affect
many
people
。
If
people
in
the
network
just
two
degrees
removed
from
the
initial
influential
prove
resistant
是由
if
引导的条件状语从句,其中
in the network
是介词短语作后置定语修饰
people;just two degrees removed from the initial influential
是过 去分词短语作后置定语修
饰
people
。
【难点点拨】:
cascade
:瀑布
【例 句释义】:例如,如果网络中距离最初的有影响力人士两个层级的人们有所抵制,那么这变
化的瀑布流就 不会传播得很远亦或影响许多人。
【典型例句
4
】
:
Building
on
the
basic
truth
about
interpersonal
influence,
the
researchers
studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations
of
populations,
manipulating
a
number
of
variables
relating
to
people
’
s
ability
to
influence
others and their tendency to be influenced.
【例句解析】:本句主干为
the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence
。
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence
是现在分词短语作方式状语,修饰
主干。
by
conducting
thousands
of
computer
simulations
of
populations,
manipulating
a
number
of variables relating to people
’
s ability to influence others and their tendency to be
influenced
是介词短语作方式状语修饰主干
;
此外,其中
manipulating a number of variables
relating to people
’
s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced
又
是现在分词短语作伴随状语修饰前面的
conducting thousands of computer simulations of
populations;
此部分中,
relating
to
people
’
s
ability
to
influence
others
and
their
tendency
to be influenced
又是作后置定语修饰
variables
,
and
连接并列的
ability
和
tendency
。
【难点点拨】
:
dynamic
:
动力
;computer
simulation
:
计算机模拟
;manipulate
:操作
;variable
:
变量
【例句 释义】:基于人际间影响的基本事实,研究者通过对人们进行诸多的计算机模拟、操控一
系列与人们影响 他人的能力以及被他人影响的倾向相关的变量,对人际间影响进行了动态分析。
【典型例句
5
】:
They found that the principal requirement for what is called
“
global
cascades
”—
the widespread propagation of influence through networks
—
is the presence not
of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.
【例句解析】:本句主干为
They found that the principal requirement is the presence
,
包含一个
that
引导的宾语从句。
for what is called
“
global cascades
”—
the widespread
propagation of influence through networks
—是介词短语作后置定语修饰
the principal
requirement
,其中
what is called
“
global cascades
”是宾语从句,位于介词
for
之后
;the
widespread
propagation
of
influence
through
networks
是同位语,
解释说明
“
global
cascades
”
。
not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people
是
由
but
连接的两个 并列的介词短语,都作后置定语修饰
presence
。
【难点点拨】:
global cascades
:全局瀑布流
propagation
:传播
【例句释义】:他们发现:所谓的“全局瀑布流”——影响通过网络而进行的广泛传播——形 成
所需的主要条件并不是少数有影响力人士的存在,而是很大一批易受影响人们的参与。
总之,由于本文中对于宾语从句、后置定语、被动语态、状语从句等知识点考查较 多,尤其是状
语部分,因此对此大家课下需要多多复习。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些外国核 心期刊文
章,如《经济学人》、《哈佛商业评论》等,积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
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