英语句型结构

2021年1月25日发(作者：angella)
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英语句型结构


一．简单句：

英语基本句型
-1

英语五种基本句型列式如下：



基本句型一：


Ｓ
+
Ｖ（主＋谓）


基本句型二：


Ｓ
+
Ｖ
+
Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）


基本句型三：


Ｓ
+
Ｖ
+
Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）


基本句型四：


Ｓ
+
Ｖ
+
ｏ
+
Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）


基本句型五：


Ｓ
+
Ｖ
+
Ｏ
+
Ｃ

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）


主系表结构：
本结构是由主语
+
系动词
+
表语组成，
主要用以说明主语的特征，
类属，
状 态，
身份等。

系动词有
:
1.
表示特征和存在状态的

be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.
表示状态延续的

remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.
表示状态变化的
become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.

The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Deep water stays still.
He was at work.
She is in good health.
It is beyond my ability.
I was at a loss.
You are under arrest.

英语基本句型
-2
主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成
,
常用来表示主语的动作。

如：
The sun rises.



Tom has already left.

主语可有修饰语
-
定语，谓语可有修饰语
-
状语。

如
: 1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. They had to travel by air or boat.
3. She sat there alone.
1

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4. He came back when we were eating.
5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake
。


英语基本句型
-3
主谓宾结构
:
本结构是由主语
+
及物的谓语动词
+
宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复
杂。

如：
1. Tom made a hole in the wall.




2.
I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.





3. They haven’t decided where to go next.





4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

英语基本句型
-4

双宾语结构：此结构由
“
主语
+
及物谓语动词
+
间接宾语
（ 人）
+
直接宾语
（事物）
”
组成。
如：

He brings
me cookies every day.
但若要先说出 直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词
to
或
for
。如 ：

He brings
cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用
to
侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用
for
侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：
（
需借助
to
的）
bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send,
show, teach, tell, write, ask
等；

（需借助
for
的）

buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare
等。


英语基本句型
-5

复合宾语结构
:
此结构由
“
主语
+
及 物的谓语动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
”
构成。宾语补足语用来 补充和
说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，
副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。

如：

The sun keeps us warm.







I heard him singing.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
My mother asked me to clean my room.
The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.

用

it
做形式宾语， 而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句
型结构方式。即：主语+
谓语
+it+
宾补
+
真正宾语。如：

I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
也可以说

I found it was pleasant to be with your family.
它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是
复合句，意思都是一样的。


英语基本句型
-6



There be
句型：

此句型是由
“there+be+
主语
+
状语
”
构成，
用以表达存在关系可以称
“……
有
……”。

它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词

be
之后，
there
仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此
2

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句型有时不用
be
动词，而用

live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive
等，但一般不用
have
。
如：





There stands a hill in the middle of the park.




Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.




Be
与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：





现在有



there is/are …











过去有



there was/were…








将来有



there will be…
；
there is /are going to be...




现在已经有


there has/have been…















可能有


there might be...




肯定有


there must be …/there must have been...







过去曾经有


there used to be …





似乎有


there seems/seem/seemed to be …









碰巧有


there happen/happens/happened to be …

Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

There used to be a cinema here before the war.


























3

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二．并列句。

结构：

1.
由分号连接。

eg. Some people cry; others laugh.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.

2.
由并列连词及词组连接
-
——
and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for
/both…and…/not only…but also…/as well as/

or else/ either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…
等。

eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.

I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.

Both my father and mother are teachers.
It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.


三、复合句

构成：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句 构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局
的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存 在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的，引导词起连
接主句和从句的作用。

分类：名词性 从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从句（定语从句），
副词性从句（状语 从句）。


1.
主语从句
(Subject Clause)
一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语
,
那么这个句子就是主语从句
.
1
）常规主语从句，句子在复合句中充当主语




That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.


Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.


Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.


Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.


What caused the accident remains unknown.


Whatever you did is right.


Whose watch was lost is unknown.


What we need is time.



小结
:
（
1)
引导主语从句连词有
that,whether,who,what,whatever
等

（
2)
连词位于句首不能省略

（
3)
主语从句大多数情况下视为三人称单数。

注意：为了防止句 子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语
it
放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末

It is certain that he will win the match.
It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
It is strange that he should do that.
It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)

It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.

4