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句子成分和句子结构

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-25 06:44
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2021年1月25日发(作者:横)
句子成分

主要成分有
主语和谓语
;次要成分有
表语、宾语 、定语、状
语、补足语、同位语和插入语。

主语
:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事
.




是一个句子所叙述的主体,
一般位于句首。
但在
there
be< br>结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语
位于谓语、
助动词或情态动词后面 。
主语可由
名词、
代词、
数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句
等表
示。例如:


the
1990s,
American
country
music
has
become
more and more popular.
名词

often speak English in class.
代词

-third of the students in this class are girls.
数词

swim in the river is a great pleasure.
不定式

g does harm to the health.
动名词

rich should help the poor.
名词化的形容词


we
are
going
to
have
an
English
test
has
not
been
decided.
主语从句


is necessary to master a foreign
作形式主语,
真正的主语为后面的不定式

谓语


说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词

句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1
、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:







He practices running every morning.

2
、复合谓语:


1
)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:




You may keep the book for two weeks.












2
)由助动词加动词原形
,
现在分词
,
过去分词构成。如:





Do you speak English






They are working in a field.




He has caught a bad cold.


3
)由系动词加表语构成。如:






We are students.
表语

说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于
系动词(如
be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem
等)之
后。一般由
名词、代词、形容词、数词、

副词、不定式、
动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句
表示。例如:

teacher of English is an American.
(名词)

it yours?
(代词)

weather has turned cold.
(形容词)

speech is exciting.
(分词)

times seven is twenty one?
(数词)

job is to teach English.
(不定式)

hobby is playing football.
(动名词)

meeting is of great importance.
(介词短语)

is up. The class is over.
(副词)

truth is that he has never been abroad.
(表语从句)

注意

系动词(
Linking verb)
用于连接主语和表语,
说明主
语的状态,性质特征和身份等。

1
)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有
be
一词,例如:






He is a teacher.

2

持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,
主要有
k eep, remain, stay, lie, stand,
例如:

He always kept silent at meeting.
3
)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有
seem, appear, look,
例如:

He seems (to be) very sad.
4
)感官系动词主要有
feel, smell, sound, taste,
例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

5

变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,
主要有
become, grow,
turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:

The river was beginning to run dry.


6

终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,
主要有
prove, turn out,
表达

结果是
;
证明是


,之意,例如:

The rumor proved false.


His plan turned out a success.
宾语

表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于
及物动词和介
词后面
。例如:


is doing his homework.
名词


heavy
rain
prevented
me
from
coming
to
school
on
time.
代词、动名词

many dictionaries do you have? I have five.
名词、
数词

helped the old with
their housework
yesterday.
名词
化形容词,名词

pretended not to see me.
不定式短语

6.I enjoy listening to popular music.
动名词短语

7.I think

that

he is fit for his office.
宾语从句

宾语种类:


1
)双宾语(间接宾语
+
直接宾语)


例如:
Lend me your dictionary, please.
To:
write,
tell,
pass,
give,
send,
promise,
show,
hand,
read,
tell, bring, throw
等,例如:




He sent the novel to William yesterday.
For:
leave,
buy,
build,
choose,
cook,
draw,
find,
get,
order,
post, save
等,例如:












She bought a gift for her mother.

2
)复合宾语(宾语
+
宾补)
,例如:

They elected him their monitor.

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