好好睡觉 中英文演讲稿

2021年1月25日发(作者：电疗法)
Sleep.
It's
something
we
spend
about
a
third
of
our
lives
doing,
but
do
any
of
us
really
understand what it's all about?

睡眠占用了我们一生三分之一的时间，但是真正有人知道它到底是怎么回事吗？


Two thousand years ago, Galen, one of the most prominent medical researchers of the ancient
world, proposed that while we're awake, our brain's motive force, its juice, would flow out to all
the other parts of the body, animating them but leaving the brain all dried up, and he thought
that when we sleep, all this moisture that filled the rest of the body would come rushing back,
rehydrating the brain and refreshing the mind.



两千年前

古时候的名医

伽林提出

当我们醒着的时候

我们大脑的原动力，它的液体

会流
动到身体所有其他部位

维持它们的活力，但这却使大脑枯竭，并且他认为，在我们睡觉的
时候，
这些充满了我们身体 其他部位的液体会再回到我们的大脑，
为大脑补充水分并且使我
们更有精神。



Now,
that
sounds
completely
ridiculous
to
us
now,
but
Galen
was
simply
trying
to
explain
something
about
sleep
that
we
all
deal
with
every
day.
See,
we
all
know
based
on
our
own
experience that when you sleep, it clears your mind, and when you don't sleep, it leaves your
mind murky. But while we know a great deal more about sleep now than when Galen was around,
we
still
haven't
understood
why
it
is
that
sleep,
of
all
of
our
activities,
has
this
incredible
restorative function for the mind.

虽然 这些观点如今我们听来很荒谬，
但是伽林很好的解释了那些，
我们每天都要面对的，
睡
眠的事情。那么，根据自身的经验我们都知道

如果我们睡觉了，我们的头脑会变的清 醒，
而如果我们没有睡觉大脑就会变糊涂，
我们现在对睡眠的了解，
比伽林那个时期多 了很多但
是我们仍然不知道，

为什么在我们所有的活动中，只有睡眠有如此这般可以促使我们头脑
变得清晰的功能。


So today I want to tell you about some recent research that may shed new light on this question.
We've found that sleep may actually be a kind of elegant design solution to some of the brain's
most basic needs, a unique way that the brain meets the high demands and the narrow margins
that set it apart from all the other organs of the body.

所以今天，我想给大家讲一些近期的研究，这些研究可能会揭示这些问题。

我们发现，睡
眠实际上可能是对大脑的一些最基本的要求

的一种简洁的解决方案，

是大脑满足身体高需
求的

一种独特的方式。

这种独特的方式

将它与我们身体其他器官区分开来。


So almost all the biology that we observe can be thought of as a series of problems and their
corresponding solutions, and the first problem that every organ must solve is a continuous supply
of nutrients to fuel all those cells of the body. In the brain, that is especially critical; its intense
electrical
activity
uses
up
a
quarter
of
the
body's
entire
energy
supply,
even
though
the
brain
accounts
for
only
about
two
percent
of
the
body's
mass.
So
the
circulatory
system
solves
the
nutrient
delivery
problem
by
sending
blood
vessels
to
supply
nutrients
and
oxygen
to
every
corner of our body.

所以几乎我们所研究的生物学

都可以被认为是生物体中

需要被解决的一些问题

和相应的
解决方案，

并且，每个器官第一个要解决的问题

就是提供持续不断的营养

去供应身体的
所有细胞。

对大脑来说，这是至关重要的，

它巨大的电波活动

用尽了身体整个能量供应
的四分之一

即使大脑仅仅占据了

人体重量的百分之二。

所以这个循环系统

通过血管的传
输

将营养和氧气送到身体的每一个角落

来解决我们身体营养供应的问题


You can actually see it in this video here. Here, we're imaging blood vessels in the brain of a living
mouse. The blood vessels form a complex network that fills the entire brain volume. They start at
the surface of the brain, and then they dive down into the tissue itself, and as they spread out,
they supply nutrients and oxygen to each and every cell in the brain.

我们可以从视频中看到

这里，显示了活老鼠的

大脑中的血管

血管形成了一个复杂的网络

充满了整个大脑容量

它们从大脑的表层开始

深入组织

然后伸展开来，
提供营养和氧气

到
大脑中的每一个细胞


Now, just as every cell requires nutrients to fuel it, every cell also produces waste as a byproduct,
and the clearance of that waste is the second basic problem that each organ has to solve. This
diagram shows the body's lymphatic system, which has evolved to meet this need. It's a second
parallel
network
of
vessels
that
extends
throughout
the
body.
It
takes
up
proteins
and
other
waste from the spaces between the cells, it collects them, and then dumps them into the blood
so they can be disposed of.

那么，就在每一个细胞

消耗营养的同时

每个细胞也都会产生相应的垃圾和废物

那么，这
些废物的清除

就成为了每个器官要解决的

第二个基本问题。

这个图片展示了通过演变来

达到这种需求的系统——

淋巴系统

它是贯穿整个身体的

第二套网络系统

淋巴管从细胞
之间的间隙中

得到蛋白质和其他垃圾

然后收集这些蛋白质和垃圾，将它们

卸到血液中去
处理


But if you look really closely at this diagram, you'll see something that doesn't make a lot of sense.
So if we were to zoom into this guy's head, one of the things that you would see there is that
there are no lymphatic vessels in the brain. But that doesn't make a lot of sense, does it? I mean,
the brain is this intensely active organ that produces a correspondingly large amount of waste
that
must
be
efficiently
cleared.
And
yet,
it
lacks
lymphatic
vessels,
which
means
that
the
approach that the rest of the body takes to clearing away its waste won't work in the brain.

但是如果你仔细地看这个图表

你会发现一些

不合常理的东西

假使我们钻进了这个人的脑
袋

你会发现，

大脑中没有淋巴管！

那不符合道理，不是吗？

我的意思是说，大脑是那么
活跃的一个器官

它产生大量的废物，这些垃圾必须要被

及时、有效地清理掉

然而大脑中
却没有淋巴管，那就意味着

身体的其他部位

清除垃圾废物的途径

在大脑中并不适用。


So how, then, does the brain solve its waste clearance problem? Well, that seemingly mundane
question is where our group first jumped into this story, and what we found as we dove down
into the brain, down among the neurons and the blood vessels, was that the brain's solution to
the
problem
of
waste
clearance,
it
was
really
unexpected.
It
was
ingenious,
but
it
was
also
beautiful. Let me tell you about what we found.

那么，大脑是怎样解决

它的垃圾清理问题的呢？

那么，这个看上去普通的问题

就是我们
团队最初做这个项目的原因。

我们发现，

当我们深入到大脑中，

一直深入到神经元和血
管，

去寻找大脑解决垃圾清理的问题

的机制时，
得到的结果

是出乎我们意料的

我们发现
的东西很特别

又很美丽。

我来说说我们发现的东西


So the brain has this large pool of clean, clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. We call it the CSF.
The CSF fills the space that surrounds the brain, and wastes from inside the brain make their way
out to the CSF, which gets dumped, along with the waste, into the blood. So in that way, it sounds
a lot like the lymphatic system, doesn't it?


我们的大脑有一个区域，里面装满了

干净透明的液体，那种液体叫做脑脊液

我们简称
CSF
（脑脊液）

CSF
（脑脊液）填充了大脑周围的空间。

来自大脑中的废物

从大脑中出来，到
达
CSF
（脑脊液）中

CSF
和废物一起卸下，进入血液。

照这样，听起来这就像一个

淋巴系
统，不是吗？



But
what's
interesting
is
that
the
fluid
and
the
waste
from
inside
the
brain,
they
don't
just
percolate their way randomly out to these pools of CSF. Instead, there is a specialized network of
plumbing that organizes and facilitates this process. You can see that in these videos. Here, we're
again imaging into the brain of living mice. The frame on your left shows what's happening at the
brain's surface, and the frame on your right shows what's happening down below the surface of
the
brain
within
the
tissue
itself.
We've
labeled
the
blood
vessels
in
red,
and
the
CSF
that's
surrounding the brain will be in green.


但有趣的是，从大脑中出来的

液体和废物

它们不是随意地渗透到

CSF
的区域中

相反，有
一个专门的管道网络，来组织和促进

这个过程。

你可以从这些视频中看到。

看，我们又
一次看到了

活老鼠的大脑

在你左边的组织展示了

大脑表层正在发生的事，

而你右边的组
织显示了

大脑表层底下和它的组织

所发生的事。

我们把血管标记成红色

把大脑周围的
CSF
标记成

绿色


Now, what was surprising to us was that the fluid on the outside of the brain, it didn't stay on the
outside. Instead, the CSF was pumped back into and through the brain along the outsides of the
blood vessels, and as it flushed down into the brain along the outsides of these vessels, it was
actually helping to clear away, to clean the waste from the spaces between the brain's cells. If
you
think
about
it,
using
the
outsides
of
these
blood
vessels
like
this
is
a
really
clever
design
solution, because the brain is enclosed in a rigid skull and it's packed full of cells, so there is no
extra space inside it for a whole second set of vessels like the lymphatic system.



那么，让我们吃惊的是

大脑外面的液体（脑脊液）

它们不在外面呆着

相反，
CSF
（脑脊
液）沿着

血管外壁，流回

大脑中，并且

在它沿着这些血管

流向大脑的同时，

它正在忙
于将废物

从这些

脑细胞的间隙中带走。

如果你仔细想想就会发现

利用这些血管外壁

真