英语翻译中级口译-24

2021年1月25日发(作者：oddeven)
英语翻译中级口译
-24
(
总分：
100.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
{{B}}TRANSLATION TEST{{/B}}(
总题数：
4
，分数：
100.00)
1.

America: the Land and the People


The United States is a varied land
—
of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and
fertile plains. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in
the temperate zone. Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the United States covers an
area of 9 million square kilometers. The continental United States stretches 4,500
kilometers from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific ocean on the west. It borders
Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.
A jet plane crosses the continental United States from east to west in about five hours.
Taking off from an Atlantic coast airport, the plane is soon flying over the gentle slopes
of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, for hundreds of kilometers it crosses the fertile fields
of the farm belt of the great Middle West. To the north, on clear days passengers may see
the five Great Lakes located between the United States and Canada. Continuing into the West,
the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country. Soon the snow-topped
Rocky Mountains appear in the distance. After crossing these high ranges, the plane can
almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far
from the beaches of the Pacific ocean.
The United States has long been known as a
descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new
land. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands.
Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom,
immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers,
reaching a peak In the years 1880-1914. Between 1820 and 1980 the United States admitted
almost 50 million immigrants.
Some 1,360,000 American Indians, descendants of North America's first inhabitants, now
reside in the United States. Most live in the West, but many are in the south and north
central areas. Of the more than 300 separate tribes, the largest is the Navaho in the
Southwest.
Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves. Their descendants now make
up nearly 12 percent of the population. They once lived mainly in the agricultural South but
now are scattered throughout the nation.
Hispanics are the largest minority in the US. Today, nearly 15 percent of the US population
is Hispanic. Hispanic Americans have diverse roots; they come from 22 different countries of
origin, including Mexico, Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries and Spain. They
share certain historical backgrounds and cultural traditions
—
in particular, the Spanish
language.
In Hawaii, more than a third of the residents are of Japanese descent, a third are
Caucasians, about 15 percent are of Polynesian background, and the others are mainly of
Pilipino, Korean and Chinese descent.
The American people are always on the move
—
from one part of the country to another, from
one city to another, from farm to city. from the city to the suburbs. One in five Americans
moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunities, a better climate, or for other
reasons.
（分数：
25.00
）

___________________ __________________________________________________ _____________________
正确答案：
(


美国的国土和人民


美国是一个地形多样的国家——有森林、沙漠、山脉、 平坦的高地和肥沃的平原。境内有各种气候，但是
美国的大部分处在温带。把阿拉斯加和夏威夷两个州加 在一起，美国的总面积达
900
万平方公里。美国大
陆东起大西洋，西至太平洋，横跨
4,500
公里。北面与加拿大接壤，南面与墨西哥和墨西哥湾毗邻。

喷气 飞机从东向西飞越美国大陆大约要
5
个小时。飞机从大西洋沿岸的机场起飞，不久便飞越阿巴拉 契亚
山脉平缓的山坡，接着在广阔的中西部农业地带绵延数百公里的肥沃田野上空飞行。在晴朗的日子， 乘客
朝北远眺，可以看到位于美国和加拿大之间的五大湖。飞机继续往西飞，越过辽阔的大草原和坎坷起 伏的
牧场。很快，远处便出现峰峦积雪的落基山脉。飞机越过这些崇山峻岭之后，几乎可以从高空向加利 福尼
亚富饶的谷地滑翔而下，最后在离太平洋海滩不远的机场降落。

美国历来以“民 族熔锅”著称，因为许多美国人是移民的后裔，当年这些移民从世界各地来到这块新土地
上安家落户。美 国历史上首批移民来自英国和荷兰。许多其他国家的人听说在美国经济上有很大的发展机
会，还有宗教自 由和政治自由，于是便纷纷移居美国，移民人数越来越多，
1880
年至
1914年达到了顶
峰。在
1820
年到
1980
年间，美国接纳了近< br>5,000
万移民。

现在约有
1,360,000
印第安人 居住在美国，他们是北美土著的后裔。大多数印第安人住在西部，也有许多
住在中部的南北地区。美国印 第安人分属
300
多个不同的部落，其中最大的是西南部的纳瓦霍部落。

黑 人当初是被当作奴隶从非洲贩运到美国的，他们的后裔现在占美国人口的百分之十二。从前，黑人主要
聚 居在南方农业地带，但如今则分散到美国各地。

西班牙裔人是美国最大的少数民族。今天，西 班牙裔人占美国人口的比例将近百分之十五。西班牙裔美国
人的祖籍各有不同；他们或他们的祖先来自< br>22
个不同的国家，包括墨西哥、波多黎各和其他拉丁美洲国
家以及西班牙。西班牙裔美 国人有着某些相同的历史背景和文化传统，特别是他们都讲西班牙语。

在夏威夷，三分之一以 上的居民是日本人后裔，三分之一是白种人，百分之十五左右是波利尼西亚族，其
余的则主要是菲律宾人 、朝鲜人和中国人的后裔。

美国人总是在迁居，他们从美国的一个地区迁往另一个地区，从一 座城市迁往另一座城市，从农村迁往城
市，从市区迁往郊区。每年每
5
个美国人中，就 有一个迁往新的地方，为的是寻找新工作，换换气候，或
者为了别的原因。
)
解析：

2.


Education in America


American schools, both public and private, consist of 12 years of grades
—
basically 8 years
of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school, although grades 7 and 8, or 7,
8 and 9 may be housed together in a middle school or junior high school. In addition, the
elementary school offers five-year-olds a year of kindergarten, usually half-day sessions,
before they have formal instruction in reading and writing in the first grade. In a few
states two years of junior college(the first two years of higher education) or a vocational
school are part of the public school system. Schooling is compulsory in most states to the
age of 16.
The public schools are administered by local school boards
—
groups of people elected by the
voters. The board appoints the superintendent and sometimes participates in choosing the
teachers, decides how school funds are to be allocated, and has some voice in establishing
the curriculum. Local funds for the schools come largely from property taxes paid by
residents of the local school districts. Thus the people of the entire community, not just
the parents of the children who attend, pay for public schools, which are free and open to
everyone.
In elementary school, all children in a given grade study the same thing. In junior high
school the student may have a limited choice of subjects. In high school the choice is
wider. While some subjects are required of everyone, some high school students, in addition,
take vocational classes, and others study subjects that will prepare them for college.
Students from both groups study under the same roof, each selecting courses according to his
or her needs and interests. High school students commonly study four to five basic subjects
per semester, each for approximately an hour a day. Additional courses, such as physical
education, art, or music, may meet twice a week.
After high school a person may prepare for a particular vocation or occupation by attending
vocational courses either in a junior college or in a privately supported training school
such as secretarial or industrial school. Or a person may attend a college or university.
The term
a Bachelor of Science degree after four years of study. A university generally is a group of
colleges, each serving a special purpose. a college of liberal arts, a college of business,
a college of education, and the like. In addition, universities offer graduate programs. The
Master of Arts degree occasionally may be obtained after one year of additional specialized
study, although some institutions require longer study. The Doctor of Philosophy is the
highest academic degree in the area of the sciences and humanities. Professional degrees in
such fields as medicine and law are part of the program of graduate education.
Many colleges and universities are privately supported. Many have church affiliations. In
each state, however, there is at least one university and often several colleges that
receive support from state funds. Students in these schools, however, as well as those in
private colleges, must pay tuition, but the state schools are much less expensive than
private ones, particularly for students who are residents of the state.
（分数：
25.00
）

___________________ __________________________________________________ _____________________
正确答案：
(


美国的教育


美国的公立学校和私立学校，都是由
12
个 年级组成的，基本上是
8
年小学和
4
年中学，虽然
7
、8
两个年
级或
7
、
8
、
9
三个年级可 能设在初级中学里。另外，小学还为
5
岁的儿童开设一年的幼儿园课程，通常上
半天课 ，然后让他们进入一年级接受正式的读、写训练。在一些州，两年制初级学院
(
高等教育的头两 年
)
或职业学校是公立教育体系的组成部分。在大多数州，
16
岁以下儿童必 需上学。

公立学校由选民选出的地方学校管理委员会管理。委员会委任教育总监，有时候还参 与甄选教师，决定学
校的经费如何分配，在课程设置方面也有一些发言权。拔给学校的地方经费，大部分 来自当地学区里居民
缴纳的财产税。因此，整个社区里的居民，而不仅仅是入学儿童的家长，都得为公立 学校出资，而公立学
校是免费的，每个人都可以上学。

在小学里，同一年级的所有学 生都学同样的课程。在初级中学里，学生可以选修一些有限的课程。到了高
中，选修的范围大一些。尽管 有些课程人人必修，但是有些高中生还另外上职业班，有些则选修为上大学
而做准备的课程。这两组学生 在同一所中学里学习，按各自的需要和兴趣选课。中学生通常每学期学
4
至
5
门基础课程，每门课每天大约上一小时。附加课程如体育、艺术或音乐，可能一周上两次。

高 中毕业后，毕业生可以入大专或私人资助的培训学校
(
如文秘学校或工业学校
)
读职业课程，为从事某项
专业或职业做准备。高中毕业生也可以进学院或进大学。“学院”这个名称系 指向修完
4
年课程的学生授
予文学士或理学士学位的本科学校。“大学”一般包括好几 个学院，每个学院的专业各有不同，如文学
院、商学院、教育学院等。此外，大学还开设研究生课程。偶 尔，本科毕生后再学一年专业课程就可以获
得文科硕士学位，然而在有些大学，攻读文科硕士学位需要超 过一年的时间。在理科和人文学科领域里，
博士是最高学位。医学和法学等专业学位是研究生课程的一部 分。

许多学院和大学是由私人资助的，许多还同教会有关系。然而，每个州至少有一所大学，常常还有几所学