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(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中文化历史(一)

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2021-01-25 09:04
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2021年1月25日发(作者:返程票)
(A)
英语翻译高级口译英译中文化历史
(

)
(
总分:
100.02
,做题时间:
90
分钟
)
一、
试题
1
(
总题数:
1
,分数:
40. 00)
A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods
and
corresponding
neglect
of
the
human
spirit.
Americans,
it
is
alleged,
worship
only

almighty
dollar
automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic
critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs
or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost
on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural
resources,
which
are
irreplaceable.
Americans
constitute
6
percent
of
the
world's
population
but
consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some
respects
Americans
may
believe
the

of
happiness
to
mean
the
pursuit
of
material
things.

(分数:
40.00


(1).A
commonplace
criticism
of
American
culture
is
its
excessive
preoccupation
with
material
goods
and corresponding neglect of the human spirit.
(分数:
5.00


_____________ __________________________________________________ ___________________________
正确答案:
(
人们常常 批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品,却忽略了人的精神需求。
)
解析:
[
解析
]
不仅词语可以转译,句子甚至是段落都可以转译, 当然句子成分也相应发生改变。上句的主
语即译成谓语。主语还可根据需要或句式结构转译为宾语、定语 、状语等。

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球绕轴自转,
引起昼夜的变化。
(
主语转译成谓语
)
As the match burns, heat and light are given off.
火柴点燃时会发出光和热。
(
主语转译成宾语
)
Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.
没有空气,地球的温度会发
生极大的变化。
(
主语转译成定语
)
A semiconductor has a poor conductivity at room temperature, but it may become a good conductor
at
high temperature.
在室温下,半导 体的电导率差,但在高温下它可能成为良导体。
(
主语转译成定语
)
May 2008 found her working in a research center. 2008< br>年
5
月她在一家研究中心工作。
(
主语转译为
状语
)
criticism
意思是“批评”,后缀
-ism
用法之一表示某种行为的 过程或结果,如
simplism(
片面看问题
)

ostraci sm(
排斥
)

terrorism(
恐怖行动
)
等。翻译时不能一成不变地把
-ism
译成汉语的“主义”,而应根
据不同语境灵活处 理。它还可表示文学或艺术流派
(
如表现主义
expressionism, Soc ratism
苏格拉底派
)

宗教派别
(
如天主教
Catholicism
,佛教
Buddhism)
,学术理论或观点的“论、术、学 或法”(如不可知论
agnosticism
,磁学
magnetism)
, 意识形态方面的某种信念、原则或理论体系
(
激进主义
activism
,民 族主

nationalism
,唯心主义
idealism)
,某 一语言的特征或风格
(Americanism
美国用语,
Africanism非洲
人讲英语的风格
)
,某一地方的人的风格、特征或习惯
(Orien talism
东方人特征,
Asianism
亚洲人风格,
urbanism
城市居民的生活方式
)
,表示人的偏见
(speciesism
物种 歧视,
ageism
年龄歧视
)
,表示事物特性
(professi onalism
职业精神,
antagonism
敌意
)
,等等。< br>

(2).Americans, it is alleged, worship only
(分数:
5.00


_______________ __________________________________________________ _________________________
正确答案:
(
据称,美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。
)
解析:
[
解析
] allege
一词多译为“断言,声称”,在上句 中也是表达此意思。该词在英美常用于法律方
面,意思为“在证据不足的情况下指控”,故可译为“涉嫌 ”,如:

Mr. Jackson is alleged to have been at the center of an international drug ring.
杰克逊先生涉
嫌曾是一个国际贩毒集团的核心人物。


(3).We scramble to
(分数:
5.00

< br>_______________________________________________ ___________________________________________
正确答案:
(
美国人会盲目地在生活上竞相攀比。
)
解析:
[
解析
] keep with the Joneses
用 简洁明快的“盲目攀比”译出其意。成语的形象如难以进入译入
语,或是进入译语后显得拖沓繁冗,则可 考虑采取意译。如:
the salt of the earth
社会中坚或优秀分
子;
the Achilles' Heel
致命伤或唯一要害,
go Dutch
各自付帐,
to be born in the purple
出身名门
望族。
直译可在一定程度上保留原文 的色彩,

the
almighty
dollar(
万能的美元
)

a
bolt
from
the
blue(

天霹雳
)

a dark horse(
黑马
)
,部分直译、部分意译的则有
to kill two birds with one stone(
一箭双

)

the
black
sheep(
害群之马、败家子
)

birds
of
a
feather
flock
together(
物以类聚,人以群分
)



(4).The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of
derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics.
(分数:
5.00


___ __________________________________________________ _____________________________________
正确答案:
(
美国人钟情于汽车,这一直是国内外批评家嘲笑美国人的话。
)
解析:
[
解析
] love affair
一语在英语中作为比喻可 用于多种场合,在汉语的使用中则范围较窄,往往采
用较为婉转的表达方式。


(5).Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic.
(分数:
5.00


_ __________________________________________________ _______________________________________
正确答案:
(
美国人遵循数量的信条。
)
解析:
[
解析
] ethic
一词语义丰富,有“伦理,道德;信条 ,信仰”等。根据上下文此处译成“信条,信
念”较合适。再如:

Our professional ethic enjoins us to stay uncommitted and report the facts.
我们的职业道德要
求我们保持中立,报道事实真相。

Now America is embracing a new ethic and a new creed
现在,美国人遵循的是一个新
的信条,即“让我们摇滚吧。”

If you travel across America, you will find people of many different ethic backgrounds and many
different faiths.
如果你去美国旅行的话,你会见到来自不同种族背景和有着不同信仰的人。


(6).The classical
virtues
of grace, harmony,
and economy of both
means and
ends are lost
on most
Americans.
(分数:
5.00


______ __________________________________________________ __________________________________
正确答案:
(< br>温文尔雅,和睦相处,量入为出对于大多数美国人来说都成了过眼烟云。
)
解析:
[
解析
]
这句可分成几个短句。正确、合理地使用汉语成语 ,不但能准确表达原文意思,还能给译文
增添几分文采。上文翻译即采用了这一方法。再如:

Hijackers rammed two jetliners into each of New York's World Trade Center towers yesterday,
toppling both in a hellish storm of ash, glass, smoke and leaping victims.
几名劫机分子昨日劫
持两架喷气式飞机撞向纽约世贸中心,致使双塔轰然倒塌,顿时尘土飞扬,玻璃飞溅,浓烟滚滚,人们四
处逃生。这一切构成了一幅地狱般的场景。

It is sometimes said that the English are a polite people. This can make life difficult for
foreigners.
时而传闻英国人彬彬有礼,这却使外国人与之相处起来左右为难。

He described all the things he had seen and heard. Many people read Marco Polo's book, but few
believed what he said.
他描绘了自己耳闻目睹的一切。阅读过马可 波罗著作的大有人在,但相信他那一
套的却寥寥无几。


(7).As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which
are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a
third of the world's energy.
(分数:
5.00


_____________ __________________________________________________ ___________________________
正确答案:
(
其结果是 我们美国人被说成吞噬着世界上不可再生的自然资源。
美国人占世界人口的百分之六,
却消耗着 世界上三分之一以上的能源。
)
解析:
[
解析
]
这两句分别为复合句和简单句。复合句中的谓语部分
to be swallowing up
也可意译为“消
耗、用掉”等。非限制性定语
which are irrepl aceable
也可后置译为“(而
)
这一切是不可再生的”。主

we
增译为“我们美国人”的做法值得借鉴。


(8).These
are
now
familiar
complaints.
Indeed,
in
some
respects
Americans
may
believe
the

of happiness
(分数:
5.00


__________________________________________________ ________________________________________
正确答案:
(
这些是我们现在常常听到的抱怨。的确,在某些方面,美国人可能信奉“追求幸福”就是追求
物质享受。
)
解析:
[
解析
]
这两句句式不复 杂,理解也不很难。但在表达上,译文作了部分有益的更改。如第一句直译
则为“这些是现在熟悉的抱怨 ”,显然参考译文则顺畅得多。又如,
the pursuit of material thing s

翻译一是把名词短语译为动宾结构
(
追求物质享受
)
, 二是把
material
things
从直译的“物质
/
物质事物 ”
转译为“物质享受”,通畅多了。

二、
试题
2
(
总题数:
1
,分数:
40.00)
A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in
the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia
for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of
the conditions of families in contemporary society. Thus, the current anxiety over the fate of
the
family
reflects
not
only
problems
in
the
family
but
also
a
variety
of
fears
about
other
social
problems that are eventually projected onto the family.
The real problems facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often
suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes,
particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety
of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptability. The
idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is
harmful
has
added
considerable
strain.
The
continuous
emphasis
on
the
family
as
a
universal
private
retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical experience.

(分数:
40.02


(1).A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality
as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself.
(分
数:
6.67


_________ __________________________________________________ _______________________________
正确答案:
(
人们对家庭的未来感到忧心忡忡,
其根本原因与其说是根植于现实,
不如说是对文化的理想化< br>期望与现实本身的冲突。
)
解析:
[
解析
] not so much... as
意为“与其……不如”,其语义功能与
less... than

more... than
等结构相同。如:

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
与其说海洋分隔了世界,不如说海洋连接
了世界。

词类转性在现代 英语中是构成新词的重要方法之一。
植物名词活用作动词,
很容易使人联想到其外部特征、颜色、性能或其相应的寓意、背景,产生惟妙惟肖的效果,汉译时则大多采取意译或转译等。

Bill
Gates
dropped
school
to
branch
out
on
his
own.
比尔·盖茨为了独立发展,从学校退了学。
(branch
out
长出枝条→扩大活动范围
)
His talk branched off from the topic.
他的谈话跑题了。
(branch off
,分叉→岔开
)
I leafed through the catalog and found nothing interesting.
我翻了翻目录,没看到什么有趣的东
西。
(leaf
叶片→翻书页
)
Correct decisions stem from correct judgments.
正确的决策来自正确的判断。
(stem
干,梗,茎→源
于,起因于
)
Fear rooted him to the ground.
他吓得呆若木鸡。
(root
生根→扎根,固定
)
His talent flowered in his twenties.
他在
20
来 岁就显露出才华。
(flower
开花→发展,兴旺
)
The
Internet
has
mushroomed
throughout
these
years.
近年来,
因特网如雨后春笋般发展起来。
(mushroom
蘑菇→发展
)
The dog treed the cat.
狗把猫撵上了树。
(tree
树木→驱使上树
)
The country was wooded everywhere except at the bottom of the valley to the northward.
除了通
向北部的山谷外 ,整个地区都被森林覆盖着。
(wood
森林→覆盖,植林
)
Jane
is
blossoming
out
into
a
beautiful
girl.
简正在成长为一个漂亮的女孩。
(blo ssom
开花→发展,
成长
)

(2).Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our
understanding of the conditions of families in contemporary society.
(分数:
6.67


____________ __________________________________________________ ____________________________
正确答案:
(
由于对 已经失落的家庭传统
(
实际上从未存在过
)
无法忘怀,
我们在理解现 代家庭状况时常存在
着偏见。
)
解析:
[
解析
]
英语和汉语最大的差别之一在于英语重限定结构
(
修饰结构
)
,汉语重并列 结构。因此,英译
汉时可根据汉语句法特点将英语的定语从句译成并列分句。如:

The
Government
of
Singapore
has
hitched
to
the
global
economy
through
multinational
corporations
which supply needed capital expertise and export markets.
新加坡政府通过多国公司把这岛国同 世
界经济挂上了钩,这些公司提供了资本、专门技术和出口贸易市场。

The
Greeks
assumed
that
the
structure
of
language
had
some
connection
with
the
process
of
thought
which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
希腊人
认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系,这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别 之前就在欧洲扎了根。

原句在句式特点上属“无灵主语”句,翻译采用了“由于……(因此……)”,“因为……(所

以)……”句
式。再如:

The emphasis on efficiency leads to the large, complex operations which are characteristic of
engineering.
由于强调效率,引起工程特有的工序繁多复杂的情况。

The
Curies'
discovery
brought
about
a
revolution
in
the
understanding
of
the
structure
of
matter.
由于居里夫妇的发现,人类对物质结构的认识发生了一次革命。

Children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to
greet them when they return from school.
如果母亲因外出工作,无法照料放学回家的孩子,孩子就会
失去某些极宝贵的东西。


(3).Thus,
the
current
anxiety
over
the
fate
of
the
family
reflects
not
only
problems
in
the
family
but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the
family.
(分数:
6.67


_________ __________________________________________________ _______________________________
正确答案:
(
因此,时下对家庭命运的担忧,不仅反映出家庭中的问题,而且也反映了对其他社会问题各种
各样的忧虑 ,而这些社会问题最终都投射到家庭上。
)
解析:
[
解析
]

social
problems

that
引导的定语 从句处断开,
把定语从句译成独立短句,
后增译

“这
些社会问题”。


(4).The real problems facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often
suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes,

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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