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供应链管理 第三版 Unit9 习题与答案

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2021-01-25 09:54
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2021年1月25日发(作者:小河)
Chapter 9
Planning Supply and Demand in the Supply Chain:
Managing Predictable Variability





True/False

1.
Predictable variability

is change in demand that cannot be forecasted.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy

2.
Faced with predictable variability of demand,
a company’s goal is to respond in a
manner that maximizes profitability.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

3.
The advantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in
any period is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be carried
from period to period.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

4.
The disadvantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in
any period is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most
months when demand was lower.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

5.
The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to keep production
stable year round lies in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, more
expensive factory.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate

6.
The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to keep
production stable year round is the expensive capacity that would go unused
during most months when demand was lower.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy

7.
An approach where a firm works with their retail partners in the supply chain to
offer a price promotion during periods of low demand would shift some of the
demand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughout
the year and reducing the seasonal surge.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate

8.
9.
10.
With supply and demand management decisions being made independently, it is
easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate

A firm can vary supply of product by controlling production capacity and inventory.

Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

A firm that uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity to
better meet demand is using a seasonal workforce.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Scheduling the workforce so that the available capacity better matches demand
is using time flexibility from the workforce.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
The use of a part-time workforce to increase the capacity flexibility by enabling
the firm to have more people at work during peak periods is designing product
flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
A firm that uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increase
capacity to match demand is using a seasonal workforce.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
The use of dual facilities to manage capacity may be hard to sustain if the labor
market is tight.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
A firm that purchases peak production capability from other companies so that
internal production remains level and can be done cheaply is using
subcontracting.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

A firm that builds dedicated facilities to produce a relatively stable output of
products over time in a very efficient manner and purchases peak production
capability from other companies is using subcontracting.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
A firm that has production lines whose production rate can easily be varied to
match demand has designed product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.
16.

17.

18.
The use of a seasonal workforce requires that the workforce be multi-skilled and
easily adapt to being moved from line to line.
Answer: Moderate
Difficulty: Hard
The use of common components across multiple products, with each product
having predictably variable demand, will result in the demand for the components
being relatively constant.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate

When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demand season,
the use of common components to create relatively constant overall demand in
the components is feasible.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demand season,
it is necessary to build products during the off season that have more predictable
demand.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

Operations usually makes the promotion and pricing decisions.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Maximizing revenue is typically the objective when marketing and sales make the
promotion and pricing decisions.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result in an
increase in overall profitability.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supply
management) can be used to maximize supply chain profitability.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate

When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chain
should be to maximize individual firm profits.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Determining how profits will be allocated to different members of the supply chain
is a key to successful collaboration.
Answer: True

19.
20.

21.
22.

23.
24.

25.
26.

27.
28.
Difficulty: Moderate

In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buying
grows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomes more
attractive.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buying
creates even more variable demand than before the promotion.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy

Average inventory decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period and
increases if the promotion is run during the off-peak period.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability if a
significant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Hard
As forward buying becomes a smaller fraction of the demand increase from a
promotion, it is less profitable to promote during the peak period.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand period
becomes less profitable.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
When faced with seasonal demand, a firm should use a combination of pricing
(to manage demand) and production and inventory (to manage supply) to
improve profitability.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate


29.
30.

31.

32.

33.

34.






Multiple Choice

1.
Predictable variability

is
a.
change in demand that can be forecasted.
b.
change in demand that cannot be forecasted.
c.
change in demand that has been planned.
2.
d.
change in demand that has been scheduled.
e.
all of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy

Which of the following is
not
a problem caused by products experiencing
predictable variability of demand?
a.
high levels of stockouts during peak demand
b.
high levels of excess inventory during periods of low demand
c.
increased responsiveness of the supply chain
d.
increased costs in the supply chain
e.
decreased responsiveness of the supply chain
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
A firm can handle predictable variability by managing
a.
supply using capacity, inventory, trade promotions, and backlogs.
b.
supply using capacity, inventory, subcontracting, and backlogs.
c.
demand using short-term price discounts and trade promotions.
d.
a and c only
e.
b and c only
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Seasonal demand can be met by
a.
maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in any
period.
b.
building up inventory during the off season to meet demand during peak
seasons.
c.
offering a price promotion during periods of low demand to shift some of
the demand into a slow period.
d.
all of the above
e.
a and b only
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate

The advantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in
any period is
a.
very low inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
b.
very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
c.
very high inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
d.
very high inventory costs because expensive capacity would go unused
during most months when demand was lower.
e.
none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate


3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
The disadvantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet
demand in any period is
a.
much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months
when demand was lower.
b.
the expensive capacity would be used consistently throughout the year.
c.
most of the expensive capacity would still be used during most months
when demand was lower.
d.
very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
e.
None of the above are true.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate

The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet demand
during peak seasons and keep production stable year round is

a.
very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
b.
much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months
when demand was lower.
c.
in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.
d.
in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.
e.
None of the above are true.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet demand
during peak seasons and keep production stable year round is

a.
very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
b.
very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried from period
to period.
c.
in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.
d.
in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.
e.
None of the above are true.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate

The advantage of offering a price promotion during periods of low demand to
shift some of the demand into a slow period is

a.
a demand pattern that is less expensive to supply.
b.
very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried from
period to period.
c.
in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, more expensive factory.
d.
much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months
when demand was lower.
e.
all of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate

Companies typically divide the task of supply and demand so that
a.
Marketing manages demand and Operations manages supply.

8.
9.
10.
b.
Marketing manages supply and Operations manages demand.
c.
Marketing manages demand and supply.
d.
Operations manages demand and supply.
e.
none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy

11.
With supply and demand management decisions being made independently,
a.
it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, thereby
increasing profit.
b.
it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, thereby
decreasing profit.
c.
it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby decreasing profit.
d.
it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.
e.
none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
A firm can vary supply of product by controlling
a.
production capacity and inventory.
b.
production capacity and price promotions.
c.
price promotions and inventory.
d.
production capacity and inventory promotions.
e.
none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
Which of the following is
not
an approach that firms can use when managing
capacity to meet predictable demand variability?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
using common components across multiple products
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
The capacity management approach that uses flexible work hours from the
workforce to manage capacity to better meet demand is
a.
time flexibility from workforce.
b.
use of seasonal workforce.
c.
use of subcontracting.
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible.
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
The capacity management approach that uses a temporary workforce during the
peak season to increase capacity to match demand is
a.
time flexibility from workforce.
b.
the use of seasonal workforce.

12.

13.

14.

15.
c.
the use of subcontracting.
d.
the use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible.
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy

16.
The capacity management approach where a firm purchases peak production
from another firm so that internal production remains level and can be done
cheaply is
a.
time flexibility from workforce.
b.
the use of seasonal workforce.
c.
the use of subcontracting.
d.
the use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible.
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
The capacity management approach where a firm builds facilities to produce a
relatively stable output of products over time in a very efficient manner and
facilities to produce a widely varying volume and variety of products, but at a
higher unit cost is
a.
time flexibility from workforce.
b.
the use of seasonal workforce.
c.
the use of subcontracting.
d.
the use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible.
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
The capacity management approach where a firm has production lines whose
production rate can easily be varied to match demand is
a.
time flexibility from workforce.
b.
the use of seasonal workforce.
c.
the use of subcontracting.
d.
the use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible.
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
Which approach to capacity management may be hard to sustain if the labor
market is tight?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
Which approach to capacity management makes use of spare plant capacity that
exists in the form of hours when the plant is not operational?

17.

18.

19.

20.
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate

21.
Which approach to capacity management makes use of overtime, which is varied
to match the variation in demand?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Which approach to capacity management would schedule the workforce so that
the available capacity better matches demand?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Which approach to capacity management would use a part-time workforce to
increase capacity flexibility by enabling the firm to have more people at work
during peak periods?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
The key to which capacity management approach would involve having both
volume (fluctuating demand from a manufacturer) and variety flexibility (demand
from several manufacturers) to be sustainable?
a.
time flexibility from workforce
b.
use of seasonal workforce
c.
use of subcontracting
d.
use of dual facilities

dedicated and flexible
e.
designing product flexibility into the production processes
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard

22.

23.

24.

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