定语从句和分词短语做定语的区别

2021年1月25日发(作者：ozil)
定语从句和分词短语做定语的区别

解答时间：
2009-12-07 20:58:00
既然分词短语做定语的时候往往都可以和定语从句互换
,
那我想知 道什么时候可以
用分词短语做定语
,
什么时候可以用定语从句例如
:The boy who is playing football
is my brother.
为什么也可以用
The boy playing football is my brother.




最佳答案

分 词短语做定语在大多数情况下都可与定语从句相转换。
这是非谓语动词的语法特点。
The school which was built twenty years ago is our
school=The school built twenty years ago is our school
但完成式的现在分词短语
不能用作定语。如果两个动作有先后，要用定语 从句。误：
This is one of the
factories having been built in 1980.
正：
This is one of the factories that were built
in 1980.
正：
This is one of the factories built in 1980



去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式
,
表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成
份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。

一、过去分词作定语



过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。


1
、前置定语




单个的过去 分词作定语
,
通常放在被修饰的名词之前
,
表示被动和完成意义。


A
类
:
被动意义
:


an honored guest
一位受尊敬的客人


The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.



1

受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。


B
类
:
完成意义
:


a retired teacher
一位退休的教师


They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.



他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。


2
、后置定语




过去分词短 语作定语时
,
通常放在被修饰的名词之后
,
它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如
:


This
will
be
the
best
novel
of
its
kind
ever
written
(=that
has
ever
been
written).



这将是这类小说中写得最好的。


Who
were
the
so-called
guests
invited
(=who
had
been
invited)
to
your
party
last
night?



昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀
?


二、过去分词作表语



作表语的过去分词主要来自 及物动词
,
在主
-
系
-
表句型中
,
说明主 语所处的一种状态。
其中
系动词有包括
be
在内的多种形式。如
:< br>

You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓。



2

少数不及物动词
(
如
go, come, set)
的过去分词也能 作表语
,
但它们不表示被动意义
,
只是
表示动作完成。如
:


They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了。


注意
:
要区别“系动词
+
过去分词
(
系表结构)” 和

“系动词
+
过去分词
(
被动语态)”。如
:


A. The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了。


B. The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门。


说明< br>:
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态
,
强调主谓关系。
这种结构中的过去分词
前可加
quite, very, rather
等修饰词。系 动词可有多种
,
表示不同的意义
;
被动语态表示动作
,
强调 动宾关系
,
绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用
by
短语来表示。因此
,
我们不难看出
在上面两句中
,A
句是系表结构
,B
句是被动语态。



从
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中
,
选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。


1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)


A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited


2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this
school.

(NMET 1993)


A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened


3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.


(NMET 1998)A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay



3
4.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?


-The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.


(
北京
2002)

A.
to
solving;
making B.
to
solving;
made

C.
to
solve;
making D.
to
solve;
made



5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific
knowledge.

(
上海
2002)

A. being known B. having been known

C. to be known D. known


Key:



1-5 ADCBD

分词详解
2010-07-18 08:46:46


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：

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分词详解：
过去
分词作定语

与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

9.1
分词作定语


分词前置




We can see the rising sun.
我们可以看到东升的旭日



He is a retired worker.


他是位退休的工人





分词后置

(i.
分词词组；
ii.
个别分词如
given, left
；

iii.
润色不定代词

something
等
)


There was a girl sitting there.

有个女孩坐在那里



This is the question given.



这是所给的问题



There is nothing interesting.


没有有趣的东西



过去分词作定语



与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。



Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.


Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.


范例例题




1)
The
first
textbook
___
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.



A. have written


B. to be written


C. being written


D. written

答案
D.
书与写作是被动关系，
利用过去分词做定语表被动，
相当于定语从句

which is written





4