中英文翻译(电气工程及其自动化专业)

2021年1月25日发(作者：上乘)

Microcontroller Integrated Circuit with Read Only Memory

Microcontroller
integrated
circuit
comprises
a
processor
core
which
exchanges
data
with
at
least
one
data
processing
and
storage
device.
The
integrated
circuit
comprises a mask-programmed read only memory containing a generic program such
as a test program which can be executed by the microcontroller. The genetic program
includes a basic function for writing data into the data progressing or storage device
or
devices.
The
write
function
is
used
to
load
a
downloading
program.
Because
a
downloading
program
is
not
permanently
stored
in
the
read
only
memory,
the
microcontroller can be tested independently of the application program, and remains
standard with regard to the type of memory component with which it can be used in a
system.
To be more precise, the invention concerns a microcontroller integrated circuit. A
microcontroller
is
usually
a
VLSI
(Very
Large
Scale
Integration)
integrated
circuit
containing
all
or
most
of
the
components
of
a

Its
function
is
not
predefined but depends on the program that it executes.
A microcontroller necessarily comprises a processor core including a command
sequencer (which is a device distributing various control signals to the instructions of
a program), an arithmetic and logic unit (for processing the data) and registers (which
are specialized memory units).

The other components of the
microcontroller,
however.
In
other
words,
the
other
components
are
integrated
into
either the microcontroller or auxiliary circuits.
These
other
components
of
the

are
data
processing
and
storage
devices, for example read only or random access memory containing the program to
be executed, clocks and interfaces (serial or parallel).
As
a
general
rule,
a
system
based
on
a
microcontroller
therefore
comprises
a
microchip containing the microcontroller, and a plurality of microchips containing the
external
data
processing
and
storage
devices
which
are
not
integrated
into
the
microcontroller. A microcontroller- based system of this kind comprises, for example,
one
or
more
printed
circuit
boards
on
which
the
microcontroller
and
the
other
components are mounted.
It
is
the
application
program,
I.
e.
the
program
which
is
executed
by
the
microcontroller, which determines the overall operation of the microcontroller system.



Each application program is therefore specific to a separate application.
In most current applications the application program is too large to be held in the
microcontroller
and is
therefore stored in
a memory
external
to
the microcontroller.
This
program
memory,
which
has
only
to
be
read,
not
written,
is
generally
a
reprogrammable read only memory (REPROM).
After the application program has been programmed in memory and then started
in
order
to
be
executed
by
the
microcontroller,
the
microcontroller
system
may
not
function as expected.
In the last unfavorable situation this is a minor dysfunction of the system and the
microcontroller is still able to dialog with a test station via a serial or parallel interface.
This
test
station
is
then
able
to
determin
the
nature
of
the
problem
and
indicates
precisely the type of correction (software and physical) to be applied to the system for
it to operate correctly.
Unfortunately,
most
dysfunctions
of
microcontroller-based
system
result
in
a
total system lock-up, preventing any dialog with a test station. It is then impossible to
determine the type of fault, i.e. whether it is a physical fault (in the

microcontroller
itself,
in
an
external
read
only
memory,
in
a
peripheral
device,
on
a
bus,
etc)
or
a
software fault(i.e. an error in the application program).The troubleshooting technique
usually employed in these cases of total lock-up is based on the use of sophisticated
test
devices requiring the application of probes to
the pins
of the various integrated
circuits of the microcontroller-based system under test.
There
are
various
problems
associated
with
the
use
of
such
test
devices
for
troubleshooting a microcontroller-based system. The probes used in these test devices
are
very
fragile,
difficult
to
apply
because
of
the
small
size
of
the
circuit
and
their
close packing, and may not make good contact with the circuit.
Also,
because
of
their
high
cost,
these
test
devices
are
not
mass
produced.
Consequently, faulty microcontroller-based systems can not be repaired immediately,
wherever they happen to be located at the time, but must first be returned to a place
where
a
test
device
is
available.
Troubleshooting
a
microcontroller-based
system
in
this way is time-consuming, irksome and costly.
To
avoid
the
need
for
direct
action
on
the
microcontroller-based
system
each
time
the
application
program
executed
by
the
microcontroller
of
the
system
is
changed, it is standard practice to use a downloadable read only memory to store the
application program, a loading program being written into a mask- programmed read