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2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) 阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错 含解析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-25 10:48
tags:

-

2021年1月25日发(作者:粗制滥造)
题型组合练
(
三十一
)

阅读理解+语法填空
+短文改错


.
阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的
A

B

C

D
四个选项中,选出
最佳选项。

A
(2019·
福建三校高三联考
)Air
pollution
shortens
human
lives
by
more
than
a
year

according
to
a
new
study
from
a
team
of
leading
environmental
engineers
and
public
health

air
quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(
寿命
) around
the world.




It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has
been
studied
together
in
order
to
check
how
air
pollution
affects
overall life expectancy.




The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate
matter
(PM)
(
颗粒物
)

smaller
than
2.5

particulates
can enter deep into the lungs

and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with
the increased risk of heart attacks

strokes and 2.5 pollution
comes
from
power
plants

cars
and
trucks

fires

agriculture
and
industrial emissions(
排放物
).




Led by Joshua Apte

the team used data from the Global Burden
of
Disease
Study
to
measure
PM
2.5

air
pollution
exposure
and
its
consequences
in
185

then
quantified
the
national
impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a
global scale.





- 1 -

The
fact
that
air
pollution
is
a
major
global
killer
is
already
well-
known



said
Apte.

And
we
all
care
about
how
long
we
can


we
were
able
to
systematically
identify
how
air
pollution
shortens lives around the we found is that air pollution has
a very large effect on survival

on average about a year globally.


In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting
human survival rates

Apte said this is a big number.

For example

it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we
found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined



he said.

In
countries
like
India
and
China

the
benefit
for
elderly
people
of
improving air quality would be especially much of Asia

if air
pollution were removed as a risk for death

60-
year-
olds would have a
15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.


1

What do we know about PM 2.5 ?
A

It has a bad effect on human health.

B

It will be controlled in the future.

C

It mainly comes from industrial emissions.

D

It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
2

What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects
the lifespan?
A

They
collected
accurate
information
from
all
the
Asian
countries.
B

They employed the research data to calculate the effect.

C

They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time
again.

D

They measured particulate matter much more carefully than

- 2 -
before.
3

What can be inferred from the text?
A

The key to people living longer is good air quality.

B

People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.

C

Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air
pollution.

D

Factories
should
decrease
the
production
of
cars
to
stop
air
pollution.
4

What is the best title for the text?
A

The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespan
B

The importance of getting rid of air pollution
C

Asian people are suffering from serious air pollution
D

Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year
体裁:
说明文

题材:
环境保护

主题:
空气污染导致人的寿命
减少一年以上

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,良好的空气质量
有益于延长寿命,但是空气污染易导致细颗粒物 进入人体肺部,导致
心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高,从而影响人的寿命。

1

解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句

These particulates can
enter deep into the lungs

and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the
increased risk of heart attacks

strokes and cancer

可知,
PM 2.5

响人体健康,故
A
项正确。

答案:
A
2

解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段

It is the first time that data on
air
pollution
and
the
lifespan
has
been
studied
together
in
order
to
check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy

可知,这是首次

- 3 -
将空气污染 和寿命数据结合起来研究,以查明空气污染如何影响总体
预期寿命。故
B
项正确。
答案:
B
3

解析:
推理判断题。
根据尾 段的内容,
尤其是

In countries like
India and China

the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality
would be especially l arge

可知,
Apte
认为改善空气质量对老年人有
好处;据此 可推知,他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染,故
C
项正
确。

答案:
C
4

解析:
标题判断题。通读全文可知,文章第 一段第一句

Air
pollution
shortens
human
lives
by
more
than
a
year

according
to
a
new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public
health
researchers

为全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,文章通过
介绍科学研究,说明空气污染导致人的寿命 减少一年以上。故
D
项最
适合作本文的标题。

答案:
D
B
(2019·
长沙四校高三模拟
)A tiny Alaska
village has experienced a
boom
in
tourism
in
recent
years
as
polar
bears
spend
more
time
on
land than on Arctic sea ice.
More
than
2

000
people
visited
the
northern
Alaska
village
of
Kaktovik
in
2018
to
see
polar
bears
in
the

far
north
community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has
sped up the movement of sea ice

the primary habitat (
栖息地
) of polar
ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental
shelf

more bears are remaining on land to look for food.

- 4 -
Polar
bears
have
always
been
a
common
sight
on
sea
ice
near
Kaktovik

but
villagers
started
noticing
a
change
in
the
mid-
bears seemed to stay on land

and researchers began
taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land
instead of on the ice to raise their Fish and Wildlife Service
biologists
began
hearing
reports
of
the
increasing
number
of
polar
bears in the area in the early more attention was given to the
plight (
困难
) of polar bears about a decade ago

more tourists started
heading to Kaktovik.


The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011

said
Jennifer Reed

of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

Today we're
talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors

many from around
the world each year


Reed tourists visit in the fall

when
bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the

Inglangasak

a
local
hunter
who
sometimes
offers
wildlife-
viewing
tours

said
he's
been
offering
polar
bear
tours
since
of his clients(
客户
) are from China and Europe

as well as
from
the
lower
48
US

tourists
stay
several
days
in
the
village

which has two small villagers have benefited a lot
from

turn

they
provide
more
effective
protection
for
polar
bears with financial support from tourism development.
5

What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A

Food shortage.
B

Climate change.
C

Habitats' movement to shore.
D

Their preference for land.

- 5 -
6

How
did
common
people
feel
about
more
sight
of
bears
on
land?
A

Excited.






C

Concerned.


B

Puzzled.
D

Shocked.
7

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A

Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.

B

Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C

Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D

Tourism affects the balance of nature.
8

Which saying can describe the text?
A

The fittest can survive.
B

After a storm comes a calm.
C

There is always opportunity in crisis.
D

Every coin has two sides.
体裁:
说明文

题材:
社会生活

主题:
北极熊登陆促进旅游业
发展

【语篇解读】

本文是说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化,北极熊
登陆,为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气,促 进了当地旅游
业发展,当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。

5

解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的

The far north community
lies in an area where

increasingly higher temperature has

sped

up
the movement of sea ice

the primary habitat(
栖息地
)of polar
ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf

more bears are remaining on land to look for food

可知, 全球变暖加
速了海冰融化,破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地,故越来越多的北极熊待
在陆地上以寻找 食物,故选
B



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2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) 阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错 含解析的相关文章

2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) 阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错 含解析随机文章