考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“在线出版”

2021年1月25日发(作者：任继愈)
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It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory
would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove
the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it
to their peers for review.
Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or
decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of
the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物 ，刊物的编辑把
作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将 决定是否发表。
因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。

straightforward


[streit'f?:w?d]




adj.
简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：
a straightforward
process
简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。


【例】
American speech is remarkably straightforward.
美国人的语言非常直率。

affiliation
[?'fili'ei??n]



n.
隶属关系；隶属，从属。

【例】
Ethnic character, background, or affiliation.
属于少数民族种族特性、背景或关系

No longer.

①
The Internet
–
and pressure from funding agencies, who are
questioning why commercial publishers are making money from
government-funded research by restricting access to it
–
is making access to
scientific results a reality.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report,
by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes
heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further
than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific
endeavor.
现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以 通过限制刊载的手段从政府
投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展 组织近日发布一项调查，描
述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的
John Houghton
和经合组织的
Graham
Vickery
联合完成这一 报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不
止于此，它标志着科学 尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。

endeavor
[in'dev?]




n. v.
努力
,
尽力
,
竭力
,
力图
,
试图



【例】
we endeavor to make our customers happy.
我们努力使客户满意。

1. The Internet
–
and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why
commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting
access to it
–
is making access to scientific results a reality.
【译文】提供 资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究
项目中牟利，互联 网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。

【解析】
两个
“
-
”号中间的部分完全可以视作插入部分独立分析。
“the internet is making access to
scientific results a reality. ”“fundi
ng agencies, who are questioning why commercial
publishers are making money from government-
funded research by restricting access to it.”
这样分析就会简单很多：
“
提供资金的机构施加压力，
质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府
投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科 研结果成为现实。
”

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in
part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core
scientific publishing market is estimated at between $$7 billion and $$11 billion. The
International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are
more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than
1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取 决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人
们是否能够比较容易地获取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美 国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在
70
亿美元到
110
亿美元左右。国际科学 、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商
有
2000
多家。他们 每年在
16000
种刊物上发表
120
万篇以上文章。

distribution
[distri'bju:??n]



n.
分发
;
销售
;
频率分布
;
分配装置
;
分布
;
区分
,
分类
;
配电< br>
【例】
distribution of the population
人口分布

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are
now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by
the report’s authors. There is the so
-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for
access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is
open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for
the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such
as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.

②
Other
models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where
journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before
making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
All this could change the
traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
这个数字现在有所变化。根据
OECD报告，目前有
75%
的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的
商务模式正在形成 ，报告作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订
网站协议付钱购买 阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为开放式出版模式，这种方式的典型特点是要求
作者（或其雇主） 付费发表文章。最后一种为开放式档案模式，即一些组织，比如大学或者国际实验室建
立和维护的一些机 构数据库。其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比如延期开放式是指某一些期刊在发
表文章的前六个月 只允许付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。至少对论文的发表来说，这些都将颠覆传统的同
行审阅模式。
subscriber
[s?b'skraib?]




n.
订户
,
签署者
,
捐款者
,
认购者


【例】
Write away now for the free album offered to every new subscriber.
请速来信订阅，
新订户可免费获取画册一本。

repository
[ri'p?zit?ri]


n.
贮藏室，智囊团，知识库，仓库


【例】
Once rules are defined, they're stored in a central repository.
一旦规则定下来，它们
要集中存放在一处。

hybrid
['haibrid]

n.
杂种，混血儿，混合物；
adj.
混合的，杂种的

（
hybridism
杂交，混血


hybridity
杂种状态）

【例】
widely cultivated hybrid poker plant.
广泛种植的杂种植物。

2. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access,
where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making
it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
【译文】其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比如延期开放式是指某一些期刊在发表 文章的前六个
月只允许付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。