2014年12月英语六级仔细阅读卷一,卷二,卷三(含答案解析)

2021年1月25日发(作者：解释英语)
* *

2014
年
12
月英语六级仔细阅读答案
(
卷一文都版
)
Section C



Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. . You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.



Passage one



It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less
conspicuous kind of social upheaval(
剧变
)underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the
way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in
human history, more than half the world
’
s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently
published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come
—
with an
enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.



As Karen Seto, the led author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn
’
t just about the
migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to
accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity
hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.



Humans are the ultimate invasive species
—
when the move into new territory, the often displace the
wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities
—
especially in the dense
tropical forests
—
carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It
’
s true that as people in developing
nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn
be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the
countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is
that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in
* *

income
—

and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn
causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully
on the grid is certainly a good thing
—

but it does carry an environmental price.



The urbanization wave can
’
t be stopped
—

and it shouldn
’
t be. But Seto
’
s paper does underscore the
importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization
’
s impact on
the environment.
“
There
’
s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think
about how we urbanize,
”

says Seto.
“
One thing that
’
s clear is that we can
’
t build cities the way we have
over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won
’
t allow that.
”

We
’
re headed towards
an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.

56. What issue does the author try to draw people
’
s attention to?

A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.

B. The rapid increase of world population.

C. The ongoing global economic recession.

D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.
57. In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?

A. They are much greedier than other species.

B. They are a unique species born to conquer.

C. They force other species out of their territories.

D. They have an urge to expand their living space.
58. In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?

A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.

B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.

C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.

D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.
* *

59. What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?

A. It incurs a high environmental price.

B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.

C. It causes a big change in people
’
s lifestyle.

D. It narrows the gap between city and country.
60. What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?
A. Slowing down the speed of transition.

B. Innovative use of advanced technology.

C. Appropriate management of the process.

D. Enhancing people
’
s sense of responsibility.

答案：
56 D The impact of accelerating urbanization


57 C they force other species out...


58 B the pressure on farmland will...


59 A it incurs a high environmental...


60 C appropriate management...



Passage Two




When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched in Feb. 2004, even he could not
imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what
this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.



To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound
—

as
were previous generations of humans
—

by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity
* *

and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your
parents, teachers, preachers, and friends.



With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today
’
s children are rising normally
tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding
women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political
causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.



As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems. It is commonly
addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and
elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may
leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly
where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail(
敲诈
)us.



Governments don
’
t need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their
own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views,
social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal
organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.



The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google
is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social- media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks
and keep working to alleviate the dangers.

Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change.
The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict
what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this
technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself.

61. What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?

A. To help students connect with the outside world.

* *

B. To bring university students into closer contact.

C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.

D. To combine the world into an integral whole.
62. What difference does social media make to learning?

A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.

B. Student will become more curious and ambitious.

C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.

D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.
63. What is the author
’
s greatest concern with social media technology?

A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.

B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.

C. People may disclose their friends
’

information unintentionally.

D. People
’
s attention will be easily distracted

from their work in hand.
64. What do businesses use social media for?

A. Creating a good corporate image.

B. Conducting large-scale market surveys.

C. Anticipating the needs of customers.

D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.
65. What does the author think of social media as a whole?

A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.

B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.

C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.

D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.

* *

答案：


61 B to bring university students into closer...


62 D sources of information are greatly expanded


63 A individuals and organizations may use it for evil purpose


64 B anticipating the needs of customers
65 A it will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.
2014
年
12
月英语六级仔细阅读答案
(
卷二新东方版
)

Section C



Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide
on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.


Passage One


Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was
launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with
“
In Search of Excellence
”
. It has been kept
going ever since by a succession of gurus and would-be gurus who promise to distil the essence of
excellence into three(or five or seven)simple rules.


The Three Rules is a self-conscious contribution to this type; it even includes a bibliography of
“
success
studies
”
. Messrs Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn
itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success
genre. They insist that their conclusions are
“
measurable and actionable
”
-guide to behavior rather than
analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional
business-people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis.
* *

Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on
“
calculating the elements of advantage
”

and
“
detailed analysis
”
.


The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344
“
exceptional companies
”
, only to
come up at first with nothing. Every hunch(
直觉
)led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It
was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began
to make sense of their voluminous material.


Management is all about making difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always uncertain and
ever-changing. But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind,
sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely
to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before
cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs.


Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is
“
the halo (
光环
) effect
”
, whereby good
performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company
does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work
hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up
embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is
better to find a profitable niche(
缝隙市场
)and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price
and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There,
The Three Rules is less useful.


56. What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?


A) Books on excellence.


B) Guides to management.


C) Books on business rules.
* *



D) Analyses of market trends.


【答案】
A


57. What does the author imply about books on success so far?


A) They help businessmen on way or another.


B) They are written by well-recognised experts.


C) They more or less fall into the same stereotype.


D) They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.


【答案】
C


58. How does The Three Rules different from other success books according to the passage?


A) It focuses on the behavior of exceptional businessmen.


B) It bases its detailed analysis on large amount of data.


C) It offers practicable advice to businessmen.


D) It draws conclusion from vivid examples.


【答案】
B


59. What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies?


A) Focus on quality and revenue.


B) Management and sales promotion.


C) Lower production costs and competitive prices.


D) Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.


【答案】
A


60. What is the author
’
s comment on The Three Rules?


A. It can help to locate profitable niches.


B. It has little to offer to businesspeople.


C. It is noted for its detailed data analysis.