-
必修三知识点汇总
Module 1 Europe
重要短语:
because of
因为
refer to
参考
/
指的是
/
涉及
/
适用于
thanks to
由于;多亏了
have control over/of
对
…
有控制权
due to/owing to
由于
beyond control
无法控制
as a result of
由于
…
的结果
under control
被控制住
be covered by/with
out of control
失去控制
be known for/as/to
in the control of
由
…
控制
/
管理
/
负责
make A out of B
用
B
制成
A
lose control of
对
…
失去控制
make A into B/be made of
have a population of
有多少人口
work on
从事
/
做
…
工作;忙于
little by little
渐渐地
have
…
in common
in one
’
s thirties
compare A with/and B
比较
A
和
B
in the long/short term
就长
/
短期而言
compare
…
to
…
把
…
比作
…
.
come to terms=make terms
达成协议,和好
compared with/to
…
与
…
比较起来
bring sb. to terms
使某人接收条件
belong to
be on good/bad terms with sb.
与某人交情好
/
不好
increase(reduce) to/by
be faced with
面临,面对
off the coast
在
(
离开海面的
)
海岸上
ever since
自从
/
一直
on the one /other hand
一方面
/
另一方面
(
be
)
opposite to
在
…
对面,与
…
相反
be located in=lie in=be situated in
坐落于
just the opposite
恰恰相反
There+be/exist/lie/stand/ appear+
主
…
有
…
存在
keep a cool head
保持头脑清醒
get into a difficult situation
陷入困难的状况
lose one
’
s head
惊慌失措,失去理智
get out of a difficult situation
摆脱困难的状况
head for
朝着
…
前进
save the situation
挽回局势
in terms of
根据
/从
…
方面来说
/
从
…
的观点
face to face
along the coast
重要句型:
1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
one of the +
形容词最高级
+
可数名词复数
最。。。。之一
2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.
①表示位置
: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+
方向
+of B
A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+
方向
+of B
②位置
+
距离
: A is (about)+
距离
+
(
to the
)
+
方向
+of B
in ,on
和
to
表地理方位的区别
(
1
)
表示
A
在
B
的范围内(
2
)
强调
A
和
B
两地接壤时,用
on.
(
3
)
A
在
B
的范围之外,两者之
间没有所属关系时 用
to
。如:
Our school is to the west of the hospital.
我们学校在医院的西面。
3. on the coast
和
off the coast
on
表示“位于河畔或铁路,公 路及海岸等沿线上”;
off
表示“稍离陆地,在沿岸的海里”。如:
4.
表示倍数的四种句型:
1
)
This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.
这座桥比那座桥长
3
倍。
2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one
这座桥是那座桥的
4
倍长。
3
)
A is
…
times the size/length/width/height/depth of B
This room is 3 times the size of that one.
这间房间的大小是那间的
3
倍。
4) A + v.
…
times as many/much + n.+ as B
1 / 11
The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year.
这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的
3
倍。
语法要求:
一:
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
被动语态由“
be+
及物动词的过去分词
(+by)
”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变
be
形式,过去分词不
变。
现在时被动语态:
am/ is/ are +
过去分词
过去时被动语态:
was/ were +
过去分词
二:主谓一致:本单元主要强调第二个原则
语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
注意:
(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each
等不定代词作主语时,谓语需用单数。
(2)
当主语后面跟有
with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, rather than, but,
等时,谓
语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。
3< br>)表示时间,重量,长度,价格等的复数名词,作主语从整体来看时,谓语动词用单数。
4
)非谓语动词,从句或其他短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.
5
)如果主语是由
and
连接的两个单数名词,但前面有
each,
every,
no
等词修饰时,谓语用单数。例如:
Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.
6)
谓语动词用单数的情况:
many a
…
,
more than one
…
,
Every
…
and every
…
/
,
no
…
and no
…
/each
…
and each
…
one and a half
,
a
…
or two
,
a/the (
…
and
…
)
指同一人、事物或概念
the number of
…
a great deal of / a large amount of
2.
意义一致原则。
1)
一些集合名词,如:
family,
enemy,
class,
population,
army
等作主语时,谓语动词的 单复数要根据实际含
义而定。当表示整体意义时,用单数;当强调个体成员时,用复数。如:
2
)
由
there
或
here
引起的主 语,而又不止是一个时,采取就近原则。例如:
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
3.
邻近性原则。
neither
…
nor, either
…
or, not only
…
but also, or
连接两个名词或代词作主语时;由
there, here
引导的句子,并且主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。
Module 2
重要短语:
agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal)
同意(建议,
agree on/upon sth
达成协议一致意见
安排)
make efforts/ an effort to do sth.
努力做某事
measure sth in/by sth
用
·
·
·
来衡量
spare
no
effort
不遗余力
with/without
effort
费力地
/
agree with sb.
同意某人的观点或看法,适合
毫不费力地
get(be) close to
靠近,接近,即将发生
encourage sb to do sth
as a result of
由于
take measures to do
采取措施
as a result
结果
be crowded with
充满,满是
result in
导致
in exchange for
交换
result from
由
…
引起
achieve one
’
s goal
in/during the last ten years
on a high/low income
高
/
低收入
receive a good education
income tax (
个人
)
所得税
be willing to do sth.
with the development of
make comparisons
作比较
under development
在发展中
be connected with
figure out
算出
/
解决
/
理解
/
弄明白
at the top of /at the bottom of
be up to=be fit for
胜任,适合于
live with
与
..
住
/
忍受
share sth. with sb.
与某人分享
up to
直到
/
到
…
为止
/
多达
share (in)sth.
共享
make progress
进步
life expectancy
预期寿命
;
平均寿命
be similar to
与
…
相似
2 / 11
重要句型:
be important to sb.
of+
抽象名词
=be+
该名词的同根形容词
eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =useful
What he said is of importance for you. = important
2.. till
:直到
up to sth be fit for
:胜任
Li Ping is not up to his job.
be busy in doing sth
:忙着做
…
be up to sb=be left to sb to decide
:由
…
决定
/
负责
3. sure
1)
make
sure
表
示
“
务
必
”
,
“
确
信
”
,
“
弄
明
白
”
,
后
面
常
接
of/about
sth.
或
that
引
导
的
宾
语
从
句。
Make
sure(that)
you
will
arrive
there
on
time.
你
务
必
准
时
到
这
。
I know there
’
s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.
2
)
be sure of, be sure that
对
·
·
·
有把握, 对
·
·
·
确定,确信
Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? I
’
m sure of winning the game.
3) be sure to do
说话人推测主语
“
一定;必然会
”
或
(
常用于祈使句
)
务必做某事
He is sure to be back soon.
他一定会很快回来。
Be sure not to forget it.
千万别忘了。
注意:
be sure of
与
be sure to do
的区别:
①
.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed.
他确信他会成功。
②
.He is sure to succeed.
他一定会成功。
(
说话人的看法
)
③
. Be sure to write and tell me all your news.
务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。
另外,常见的与
sure
相关的短语还有:
be sure of oneself
有自信心,
for sure
的确;确实地,
sure enough
果
真,果然。
用于口语,此时的
“
Sure.
”
相当于
“
Of course.
”
与
“
Certainly.
”
。
4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.
表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装
,
即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。
At the foot of the mountain lies a small village. Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。
Here comes the bus.
车来了。
(To the) south of our school stand many shops.
【部分倒装】
①
only
修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,放于句首
②否定副词
never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom
等放于句首
③
so+adj/adv+(
倒装
)+ that
1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he returned.)
2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before)
3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself
understood.(He speaks English so clearly
that~)
5
.
S.+ be + adj. + to do
easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult
…
1).The water is not pure to drink (drink)
2).He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )
3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live)
语法要求:
but
和
however
的联系和区别
however< br>作副词用时
,
表示
“
然而;但是
”
,
可以位 于句首、句中和句末;位于句首时
,
要用逗号与句子其它部分
3 / 11
隔开;位于句中时
,
其前后都要用逗号;位于句末时其前用逗号分开
.
however
与
but
两者都做
“
但是
,然而
”
讲
,
而且都引出并列句
.
从语义上看
, but
所表示的是非常明显的对比
,
转折
的意味较
however< br>要强
.
从语序上看
,but
总是位于所引出的分句之首
,而
however
却可位于句首、句中和句末
,
同时从标点符号上看,but
之后一般不得使用逗号
,
而
however
则必须用逗 号与句子其它部分分开
.
2. although
引导状语从句
Module3
重要短语
:
pick up
from side to side
at sea
迷茫
in all
总共,合计
on average
not at all
一点也不,别客气
natural disaster
after all
毕竟,终究
catch fire
失火
/
着火
above all
首先,尤其是
pour down
倾泻而下
first of all
首先
set fire to
放火烧
come to an end
结束,完结
manage to do sth.
turn over
移交
;
翻转
put out
熄灭
according to
report on
报道
…
take place
fall down
a total of
总数为
in ruins
严重受损,破败不堪
to sb.
某事被某人想起
fall into ruin
已成废墟
it occurs to sb. + that-clause
某人突然想到
…
bring sb. to ruin
毁灭某人
it occurs to sb. to do sth.
某人突然想到做某事
end up
到达或来到某处
on the same latitude
在同一纬度
end up with sth.
以某事作为结束
warn sb. (not)to do sth.
警告某人(不)干某事
end up doing sth.
以做某事为结束
warn sb. of sth.
警告某人当心某事
bury oneself in sth.
埋头于、专心致志于某事物
be experienced in/at
在
…
方面有经验
be buried in
埋头于,专心致志于
重要句型
:
1.A good idea suddenly struck me.
我忽然想到一个好主意
strike sb.+
介词
+the +
具体部位
打某人的某个部位
eg. strike him on the back
打某人的背
hit sb in the face
打某人的脸
pat sb on the shoulder
拍某人的肩膀
be struck by
被
…
所打动,被
…
迷住
【注意区分】
strike, hit, beat, knock
strike
“
(
钟
)
敲打,撞击,袭击
”
,
表示有力的打一下。
beat
连续地打,心脏的跳动,在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方,也可表示殴打,体罚。
hit
瞄准某物而击中。也可表示
“
袭击
”
knock
用拳头或硬的东西
“
敲、击、打
2.
words
meanings
occur
happen
偶然发生;突然想起
It occurred to sb. that
…
.
偶然发生;碰巧
It happened that
…
/ sb. happen to do sth.
4 / 11
break out
take place
(
战争、火灾、疾病、争吵
)
突然爆发
(
有计划地
)
发生
;
举行
was the possibility of
…
It is possible that
…
语法要求:
1.
by
the
time
意为 “到
……
时候(为止)”,是一个介词短语,在句中经常起连词作用,引导时间状语从
句。它的主要用法如下:
1).
如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的 谓语动词通常用过去完成时,表示“截止到从句动
作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”。
By the time
…
did
…
, sb. had done sth.
By the time he returned home
,
the rain had stopped.
2).
如果从句 中的谓语动词为一般现在时
/
或现在完成时(表示将来),那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成
时,表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成”。
By the time
…
do/does
…
, sb. will have done sth.
By the time you get back
,
I shall have finished the work.
3).
如果主句动作不强调已经完成, 只是说明某个时候的状况,(主句是
be
的系表形式或者是表示像
know,
find,
believe
等表示认知的持续性动词,则往往用一般时态,不用完成 时态。)此时主句不用完成时,而应
根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时
by the time
相当于
when
。
例如:
He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.
登上顶端时,他气喘吁吁。
2.
过去完成时的被动语态:
had+
过去分词
3.
间接引 语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,叫直接
引语;另 一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接引语,从句中的人称、
时态、代 词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变。
3.
定语从句。
Module 4
重
要
短
语
cut out
剪除
;
切掉
;
割掉
cut in
插嘴
cut up
切碎
;
使伤心
cut down
砍掉
;
消减
cut of
切断
;
停掉
;
隔绝
dig up
挖出
be caught in
被困在
(
风、雨、雪
…
)
中
walk up to
认识到
/
意识到
catch up with
赶上
;
跟上
sweep away
扫除
/
清除
/
冲走
/
刮走
catch hold of
抓住
,
握住
take in
吸入(空气)
;
欺骗
;
体会
;
收容
catch sight of
看见
give out
分发
;
发出
(
气味、热气
)
;用尽
take away
带走
give in
屈服
;
让步
,
投降
take off
脱下
,
拿掉
,
起飞
give off
送出
;
发出(光等)
take on
承担
give away
赠送
;
放弃
;
泄漏
;
出卖
take up
举起
,
开始做
;
占据
have an effect on
…
give up
放弃
complain to sb
向
…
诉苦
/
发牢骚
the masses
群众
,
平民
complain about/of sth
抱怨某事
in the mass
大体而论
,
总体上
one after another
一个接一个
a weather forecast
天气预报
look through
仔细检查
give/make a forecast
预言
,
预报
be part of
成为
…
的一部分
solve problems
masses of/a mass of
许多
,
大量
if possible
如果可能
5 / 11
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