论语汉英对照100句(双译本)

2021年1月25日发(作者：hanako)

论语汉英对照
100
句（双译本）


James Legge



Charles Muller
翻译


英文翻译不能完全传达经典内涵，引用时请加以注意。



１、学 而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知，而不愠，不亦
君子乎？


The
Master
said,
'Is
it
not
pleasant
to
learn
with
a
constant
perseverance
and
application?








Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take
no note of him?'
Isn't it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned? Isn't it also great when
friends visit from distant places? If people do not recognize me and it doesn't bother
me, am I not a Superior Man?


２、巧言令色，鲜矣仁！


Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue.
Someone
who
is
a
clever
speaker
and
maintains
a
'too- smiley'
face
is
seldom
considered a humane person.



３、
曾子曰：
“吾日三省吾身
,
为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”


The
philosopher
Tsang
said,
'I
daily
examine
myself
on
three
points:--
whether,
in
transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-- whether, in intercourse
with
friends,
I
may
have
been
not
sincere;--
whether
I
may
have
not
mastered
and
practised the instructions of my teacher.'
Each
day
I
examine
myself
in
three
ways:
in
doing
things
for
others,
have
I
been
disloyal?
In
my
interactions
with
friends,
have
I
been
untrustworthy?
Have
not
practiced what I have preached?



４、弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。


The Master said, 'A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to
his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and
cultivate
the
friendship
of
the
good.
When
he
has
time
and
opportunity,
after
the
performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.'
A young man should serve his parents at home and be respectful to elders outside his


home.
He
should
be
earnest
and
truthful,
loving
all,
but
become
intimate
with
humaneness. After doing this, if he has energy to spare, he can study literature and the
arts.



５、子夏曰：
“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力，事君，能致其身；与朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。
”


Tsze-hsia said, 'If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as
sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost
strength;if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his
friends,
his
words
are
sincere:--
although
men
say
that
he
has
not
learned,
I
will
certainly say that he has.
If you can treat the worthy as worthy without strain, exert your utmost in serving your
parents, devote your whole self in serving your prince, and be honest in speech when
dealing with your friends. Then even if someone says you are not learned (hsü
eh), I
would say that you are definitely learned.




６、君子不重，则不威。学则不固。主忠信。无友不知己者。过则勿惮改。


The Master said, 'If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and
his learning will not be solid. 'Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. 'Have
no friends not equal to yourself. 'When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.'
If the Superior Man is not 'heavy,' then he will not inspire awe in others. If he is not
learned, then he will not be on firm ground. He takes loyalty and good faith to be of
primary importance, and has no friends who are not of equal (moral) caliber. When he
makes a mistake, he doesn't hesitate to correct it.




７、
君子食无求饱，
居无求安，
敏于事而慎 于言，
就有道而正焉，
可谓好学也已。

He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his
appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in
what
he
is
doing,
and
careful
in
his
speech;
he
frequents
the
company
of
men
of
principle that he may be rectified:-- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.'

When the Superior Man eats he does not try to stuff himself; at rest he does not seek
perfect comfort; he is diligent in his work and careful in speech. He avails himself to
people of the Tao and thereby corrects himself. This is the kind of person of whom
you can say, 'he loves learning.'







８、子贡曰：
“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：
“可也。未若贫而乐，富而
好礼 者也。
”


Tsze-kung said, 'What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not
flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?' The Master replied, 'They will do; but they
are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich,
loves the rules of propriety.'
Tzu Kung asked:
who isn't proud?
is satisfied and a rich man who loves propriety.



９、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。


I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know
men.
I am not bothered by the fact that I am unknown. I am bothered when I do not know
others.


１０、为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。


He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north
polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.
If you govern with the power of your virtue, you will be like the North Star. It just
stays in its place while all the other stars position themselves around it.


１１、道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻。道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。


If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments,
they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. 'If they be led by
virtue,
and
uniformity
sought
to
be
given
them
by
the
rules
of
propriety,
they
will
have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.'
If
you
govern
the
people
legalistically
and
control
them
by
punishment,
they
will
avoid crime, but have no personal sense of shame. If you govern them by means of
virtue and control them with propriety, they will gain their own sense of shame, and
thus correct themselves.




１２、子曰：
“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四 十而不惑，五十而知天命，六
十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。
”




The Master said, At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At
forty, I had no fifty, I knew the decrees of sixty, my ear was an
obedient
organ
for
the
reception
of

seventy,
I
could
follow
what
my
heart
desired, without transgressing what was right.'
At fifteen my heart was set on learning; at thirty I stood firm; at forty I had no more
doubts;
at
fifty
I
knew
the
mandate
of
heaven;
at
sixty
my
ear
was
obedient;
at
seventy I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing the norm.



１３、温故而知新，可以为师矣。


If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new,
he may be a teacher of others.
Reviewing what you have learned and learning anew, you are fit to be a teacher.



１４、君子不器。


The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.
The Superior Man is not a utensil.



１５、子贡问君子。子曰：
“先行其言，而后从之。
”

Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, 'He acts before
he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.
Tzu Kung asked about the character of
the Superior Man. Confucius said,
practices what he preaches and then he follows it.


１６、学而不思，则罔；思而不学，则殆。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.
To study and not think is a waste. To think and not study is dangerous.



１７、知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也！


When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing,
to allow that you do not know it.-- this is knowledge.
What you know, you know, what you don't know, you don't know. This is knowledge.



１８、人而无信，不知其可也。大车无輗，小车无軏，其何以行之哉？




I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage
be
made
to
go
without
the
cross-bar
for
yoking
the
oxen
to,
or
a
small
carriage
without the arrangement for yoking the horses?'
If a person lacks trustworthiness, I don't know what s/he can be good for. When a pin
is
missing
from
the
yoke-bar
of
a
large
wagon,
or
from
the
collar-bar
of
a
small
wagon, how can it go?





１９、林放问礼之本。子曰：
“大哉问 ！礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，
宁戚。
”

Lin Fang asked what was the first thing to be attended to in ceremonies. The Master
said,
'A
great
question
indeed!In
festive
ceremonies,
it
is
better
to
be
sparing
than
the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than
a minute attention to observances.
Lin Fang asked about the fundamentals of ritual. Confucius said,
question! In ritual, it is better to be frugal than extravagant; in funerals deep sorrow is
better than ease.




２０、获罪于天，无所祷也。


He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.
Not so. If you offend Heaven, there is no one you can pray to.



２１、朝闻道，夕死可矣。


If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret.
If I can hear the Tao in the morning, in the evening I can die content.



２２、君子怀德、小人怀土、君子怀刑、小人怀惠。

The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man
thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thinks of favours which he may receive.
The
Superior
Man
cares
about
virtue;
the
inferior
man
cares
about
material
things.
The Superior Man seeks discipline; the inferior man seeks favors.







２３、不患无位，患所以立；不患莫己知，求为可知也。


A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may
fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be
known.
I don't worry abut not having a good position; I worry about the means I use to gain
position. I don't worry about being unknown; I seek to be known in the right way.


２４、君子喻于义，小人喻于利。


The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean
man is conversant with gain.
The Superior Man is aware of Rightness, the inferior man is aware of advantage.



２５、见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。

When we see men of worth, we should think of equalling them; when we see men of a
contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.
When you see a good person, think of becoming like her/him. When you see someone
not so good, reflect on your own weak points.



２６、君子欲讷于言而敏于行。


The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.
The Superior Man desires to be hesitant in speech, but sharp in action.



２７、德不孤，必有邻。


Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practises it will have neighbors.
If you are virtuous, you will not be lonely. You will always have friends.



２８、敏而好学，不耻下问。

He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask
and learn of his inferiors!
He was diligent and loved to study. He was also unashamed to ask questions to his
inferiors.





２９、子曰：
“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。
”


They are, in regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them
sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly.
I
would
like
to
give
comfort
to
the
aged,
trust
to
my
friends
and
nurturance
to
the
young.




３０、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。

Where the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments, we have rusticity; where
the
accomplishments
are
in
excess
of
the
solid
qualities,
we
have
the
manners
of
a
clerk.
When
the
accomplishments
and
solid
qualities
are
equally
blended,
we
then
have the man of virtue.
If raw substance dominates refinement,
you will be coarse. If refinement dominates
raw
substance,
you
will
be
clerical.
When
refinement
and
raw
qualities
are
well
blended, you will be a Superior Man.




３１、知之者，不如好之者；好之者，不如乐之者。

They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are
not equal to those who delight in it.
Knowing it is not as good as loving it; loving it is not as good as delighting in it.



３２、知者乐水，仁者乐山；知者动，仁者静；知者乐，仁者寿。

The
wise
find
pleasure
in
water;
the
virtuous
find
pleasure
in
hills.
The
wise
are
active;the virtuous are tranquil. The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived.
The
wise
enjoy
the
sea,
the
humane
enjoy
the
mountains.
The
wise
are
busy,
the
humane are tranquil. The wise are happy, the humane are eternal.



３３、君子博学于文，约之以礼。


The
superior
man,
extensively
studying
all
learning,
and
keeping
himself
under
the
restraint of the rules of propriety.
The
Superior
Man
who
studies
culture
extensively,
and
disciplines
himself
with
propriety can keep from error.


３４、己欲立而立人；己欲达而达人。


Now
the
man
of
perfect
virtue,
wishing
to
be
established
himself,
seeks
also
to


establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others.



３５、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦。


he silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others
without being wearied.
Keeping
silent
and
thinking;
studying
without
satiety,
teaching
others
without
weariness: these things come natural to me.



３６、志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。


Let the will be set on the path of every attainment in what is good be firmly
perfect virtue be accorded relaxation and enjoyment be found in
the polite arts.
Set your aspirations on the Tao, hold to virtue, rely on your humaneness, and relax in
the study of the arts.



３７、不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。


I do not open up the truth to one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any
one
who
is
not
anxious
to
explain

I
have
presented
one
corner
of
a
subject
to
any
one,
and
he
cannot
from
it
learn
the
other
three,
I
do
not
repeat
my
lesson.
If
a
student
is
not
eager,
I
won't
teach
him;
if
he
is
not
struggling
with
the
truth,
I
won't reveal it to him. If I lift up one corner and he can't come back with the
other
three, I won't do it again.




３８、子曰：
“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。
”


I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of
antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.
I
was not
born with
wisdom.
I love the ancient
teachings
and have worked hard to
attain to their level.



３９、子不语怪、力、乱、神。


The subjects on which the Master did not talk, were-- extraordinary things, feats of
strength, disorder, and spiritual beings.


The master never discussed strange phenomena, physical exploits, disorder or ghost
stories.


４０、三人行，必有我师焉：择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。


When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.I will select
their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.
When three men are walking together, there is one who can be my teacher. I pick out
people's good and follow it. When I see their bad points, I correct them in myself.



４１、子以四教：文，行，忠，信。


There were four things which the Master taught,-- letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and
truthfulness.
The Master taught four things: Culture, correct action, loyalty and trust.



４２、君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。


The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.
The Superior Man is always at ease with himself. The inferior man is always anxious.



４３、曾子曰：
“鸟之将死，其鸣也哀；人之将死，其言也善。
”


Tsang said to him, 'When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful; when a man is
about to die, his words are good.
Tseng Tzu said,
about to die, his words are excellent.


４４、不在其位，不谋其政。


He
who
is
not
in
any
particular
office,
has
nothing
to
do
with
plans
for
the
administration of its duties.
If you don't have the official position, you can't plan the affairs of government.


４５、子罕言利与命与仁。


The
subjects
of
which
the
Master
seldom
spoke
were--
profitableness,
and
also
the
appointments of Heaven,and perfect virtue.
The master never spoke about advantage in connection with destiny or in connection
with humaneness.




４６、子绝四：毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我。


There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone
conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.
There
were
four
things
the
master
had
eliminated
from
himself:
imposing
his
will,
arbitrariness, stubbornness and egotism.



４７、子曰：
“吾有知乎哉？无知也。有鄙夫问于我，空空如也。我叩其 两端而
竭焉。
”

The Master said,
mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything of me,
I set
it forth
from
one end to the other, and exhaust it.
Confucius said:
men
come
to
ask
a
question
of
me,
I
clear
my
mind
completely
and
thoroughly
investigate the matter from one end to the other.



４８、颜渊喟然叹曰：
“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。 瞻之在前，忽焉在后。夫子循循
然善诱人，博我以文，约我以礼，欲罢不能。既竭吾才，如有所立卓尔， 虽欲从
之，末由也已。
”


Yen
Yuan,
in
admiration
of
the
Master's
doctrines,
sighed
and
said,
'I
looked
up
to
them,
and
they
seemed
to
become
more
high;
I
tried
to
penetrate
them,
and
they
seemed to become more firm; I looked at them before me, and suddenly they seemed
to be Master, by orderly method, skilfully leads men on. He enlarged my
mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of I wish to give over
the
study
of
his
doctrines,
I
cannot
do
so,
and
having
exerted
all
my
ability,
there
seems something to stand right up before me; but though I wish to follow and lay hold
of it, I really find no way to do so.
Yen Yü
an sighed in admiration saying:
it gets harder. I see it in front, and suddenly it is behind me. My master is impeccable
in his skillful guidance of men. He has broadened me with literature, disciplined me
with propriety. I want to give up, but I can't. I have exhausted my ability, yet it seems
as if there is something rising up in front of me. I want to follow it, but there is no
way.




４９、子贡曰 ：
“有美玉于斯，韫椟而藏诸？求善贾而沽诸？”子曰：
“沽之哉！
沽之哉！我待贾者 也。
”


Tsze-kung said, There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it?
or should I seek for a good price and sell it?' The Master said, 'Sell it! Sell it! But I


would wait for one to offer the price.
Tzu Kung said:
good price and sell it?
good price.


５０、子在川上曰：
“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！
”


The Master standing by a stream, said, 'It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or
night!'
The
Master,
standing
by
a
river,
said,

goes
on
like
this,
never
ceasing
day
or
night!



５１、譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。譬如平地，虽覆一篑，进，吾往也。


The Master said, 'The prosecution of learning may be compared to what may happen
in raising a mound. If there want but one basket of earth to complete the work, and I
stop, the stopping is my own work. It may be compared to throwing down the earth on
the level ground. Though but one basketful is thrown at a time, the advancing with it
is my own going forward.
It is like building a mound: If I stop before carrying a single basket of earth, it is my
stopping.
It
is
like
leveling
the
ground:
If
I
continue
even
after
dumping
only
one
basket, it is my continuation.




５２、子曰：

主忠信。毋友不如己者。过，则勿惮改。

The Master said, 'Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends
not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.'

Confucius
said:

yourself in
loyalty
and trust.
Don't be companion with
those
who are not your moral equal. When you make a mistake, don't hesitate to correct it.




５３、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。


The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a
common man cannot be taken from him.
You can snatch away the general of a large army, but you cannot snatch away the will
of even the lowliest of men.


５４、岁寒然后知松柏之后凋也！