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Unit 1 Translation
英译汉
English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like
other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main
periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain
by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English
language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British
Isles,
and
from
the
early
17th
century
its
influence
began
to
be
felt
throughout
the
world.
The
processes
of
European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American
English
is
particularly
influential,
due
to
the
popularity
of
American
cinema,
television,
music,
trade
and
technology, including the Internet.
< br>人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语< br>也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：
古英语，中古英语和现代英 语。英语起源于公
元
5
世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起 了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会
初期，英语的
影响遍及不列颠群岛。从
17
世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险
和殖民过程导致了英语的重大 变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、
贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受
欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显着。
汉译英
中国书法（
calligraphy
）是一门独 特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与
汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不 可分的关
系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承
文化的重要 作用，
另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。
书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活
感受、
学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有
字如其人
< br>的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而
且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of
the
Chinese
calligraphy
is
closely
related
to
the
emergence
and
evolution
of
Chinese
characters.
In
this
long
evolutionary
process,
Chinese
characters
have
not
only
played
an
important
role
in
exchanging
ideas
and
transmitting
culture
but
also
developed
into
a
unique
art
form.
Calligraphic
works
well
reflect
calligraphers'
personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that
the
calligrapher's
handwriting
is
like
seeing
the
person
As
one
of
the
treasures
of
Chinese
culture,
Chinese
calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.
Unit 2
英译汉
A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the
web.
MOOCs
are a recent development
in
distance education
and
have
now
become
a
surging
trend
in
higher
education. These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students
who
live
in
town,
to
millions
of
students
around
the world.
In
addition
to
traditional
course materials,
MOOCs
provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. MOOCs can encourage
communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire
people to
ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal (
多模式的
) learning that can address the needs of
learners
with
a
variety
of
learning
styles;
and
inspire
better
teaching
and
use
of
technologies
for
face-to-face
courses.
慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。 慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已
在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩
大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学
费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除 了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支
持学生和讲师
之间的交流 。
慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，
使得多种观点、
知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它
提供多种学习课程 资料的方式，鼓
励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术 在面对面授课中
得以更好地应用。
汉译英
近年来，随 着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的
数字化学习 平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作
用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有
很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空
间，人们可以
随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一 次性教育走向终身学
习成为可能。
In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of
our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and
digital
teaching
is
playing
an
increasingly
important
role
in
education.
Compared
with
the
traditional
way
of
teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching
resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to
get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it
possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.
Unit
3
英译汉
As an important part of the American culture value system,
Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members.
In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance
the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered
to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for
oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the
choices.
Many Americans
give
their
children
a
lot
of
freedom
because
they want them
to
be
independent
and
self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and
children also has had a strong effect on the family.
作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，
个人主义
受到大多数美国人的推崇。
美国人认为家庭作为一
个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭 各成员的幸福。与许多
其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要职责，不是在
社会上或经 济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为
重要。与< br>
自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带
来的后果。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子
们能够独立和自 力更生。在美国人强
调个人自由的同时，父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。
汉译英
孝道（
filial piety
）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（
code of ethics
）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦
之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成 了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准
则。
它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美 德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文
化理念，又有制度礼仪（
ins titutional etiquette
）
。一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义 务，包括尊
敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的
东方文明
之根本 。
Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence
of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian
ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of
years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content
and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers
to
the
obligation
of
children
to
their
parents
required
by
the
society,
including
respect,
care,
support
for
the
elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient
Unit
4
英译汉
Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love
and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding
the
festival.
One
legend
goes
that
the
Romans
put
a
priest
named
Saint
Valentine
into
prison
for
refusing
to
believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but
also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a
farewell letter signed
their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers,
giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the
world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.
美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝
2
月
14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情
人卡和爱情信物。关于这个 节日的起源有着不同的说法。
一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进
了监狱 ，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。
2
月
14
日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基 督徒，而且因为他曾治
愈了一位
监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上 给她写了一封署名
“
你的瓦伦丁
”
的告别信。
后来，
2月
14
日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节
日。
现在，
人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，
他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪 漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中
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