社科院博士英语(历年翻译真题)

2021年1月25日发(作者：热饮)
Translation
（社科院历年翻译真题）


our country is to achieve modernization the biggest obstacle is not the
shortage of natural resources
，
nor the lack of funds
，
still less the problem
of technology
，
but rather the quality of the more than one billion people
，
for funds can be accumulated
，
technology can be created or imported
，
but
the overall quality of the huge population
，
which can not be imported
，
must only be improved by ourselves
．

我们的国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍并不是资源问题，也不 是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的
素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进 ，但是十几亿人口的素质是无法引进的，这必须靠我们自
己去提高。




women
increasingly
leave
the
home
for
the
workplace
．
In
addition to the normal financial incentives
，
we find ambition and personal
fulfillment
motivating
those
in the
most
favorable
circumstances
，
and a
desire
for
more
social
contact
in
order
to
relieve
their
domestic
isolation
．
However
，
for all
，
working is tied to the desire for independence
．

今天，越来越多的妇女走出家门参加工作。除了传统的 经济方面的原因以外，我们还发现，环境优越的妇女参加
工作是为了施展抱负，发挥个人才能，还有的妇 女则是希望通过参加社会活动冲出家庭小天地的束缚。但对所有
的妇女而言，参加工作都是为了获得独立 。



the party and the government
，
relying on all quarters of society
，
will take measures to show concern for laid-off workers
，
help them with
welfare
，
organize job- training
，
open up new avenues of employment
，
and
promote reemployment projects
．

党和政府要采取积极措施，依靠社会各方面的力量，关心和安排 好下岗职工的生活，搞好职业培训，拓宽就业门
路，推进再就业工程。






1
must foster socialist ideology and socialist ethics by basing ourselves
on
China's
reality
，
and
by
maintaining
our
traditional
cultural
values
flora the past
，
while assimilating what is good from foreign cultures
．

我们要建设立足中国现实，继承历史文化优秀 传统，吸取外国文化有益成果的社会主义精神文明。



main task of macro-economic control is to keep a balance between
total
demand
and
total
supply
，
to
curtail
inflation
，
promote
the
optimization
of
major
economic
structures
and
achieve
stable
economic
growth
．

宏观调控的主要任务，是保持 经济总量平衡，抑制通货膨胀，促进重大经济结构优化，实现经济稳定增长。



6.A successful lie is doubly a lie
；
an error which has to be corrected is a
heavier burden than truth
；
only uncompromising ―honesty‖ can reach the
bedrock
of
decency
which
you
should
always
expect
to
find
even
under
deep layers of evil
．

成功的 谎言是加倍的谎言，必须纠正的谬误是比真理更重的负担，只有不屈的“诚实”才能达到体面的岩基。



particular
，
scientific and technological advances have provided new
means
of
freeing
man
from
the
shackles
in
which
he
has
been
held
．
Unfortunately
，
they have also increased and perfected the means of
compromising
his
personality
and
his
integrity
while
at
the
same
timerestricting his fundamental freedoms and individual rights
．

特别是，科学 技术把人从长期束缚它们的桎梏中解放出来。但不幸的是，它们也增加并完善了损害人的个性和正
直的工 具，同时又限制了人的基本自由和个人权利。




respecting
and
providing
for
the
elderly
becomes
common
practice
，
people
of
all
generations
will
have
a
sense
of
security
．
For
everyone
get
old
some
day
，
and
when
people
feel
perfectly
secure
of
a
happy and comfortable life in old age
，
they will devote themselves whole
heartedly to work
．
当敬老养老蔚然成风时，各个年龄层的人都会有一种安全感，有一天每个人都会变老。如果人们确信老年时生 活
一定幸福安乐，就会全力以赴地投入工作。


2

world
in
which
we
live
today
is
being
swept
by
far
—
reaching
changes
．
It is undergoing swift and drastic transformations not only in its
political
institutions
but
also
in
the
ways
of
life
of
the
various
peoples
inhabiting our planet
．

当今，我们所处的世界正 在发生迅速变化。不仅政治体制在发生迅速巨变，而且在我们星球上的各族人民的生活
方式，也在发生巨 变。




crisis
in
development,especially
as
reflected
in
the
external
debt
situation
of
developing
countries,is
an
alarming
symptom
of
the
disequilibrium in the global economy
．
It calls for imaginative solutions
．

发展危机，特别是反映在发展中国家外债问题中的危机，是全 球性经济不平衡的令人震惊的表现。危机要求我们
寻求创造性的解决办法。



11.
In
light
of
the
Asian
financial
crisis
and
the
changes
in
the
international
markets
，
it is proper
for us
to continue
boosting
domestic
demand.
This
constitutes
the
basic
foundation
for
China's
economic
development as well as being part of our long- term strategy.
继续扩大国内需求，是当前应对亚洲金融危机和国际市场变化的正确选 择，也是我国经济发展的基本立足点和长
期的战略方针。



12. Due to their interdependent political
，
economic
，
and cultural ties
，
all
Chinese
nationalities
have
shared
a
common
destiny
and
a
common
interest
throughout
their
long
historical
development
，
creating
a
strong
force for affinity and cohesion.
中国各民族相互依存 的政治、经济、文化联系，使其在长期的历史发展中有着共同的命运和共同的利益，产生了
强固的亲和力 、凝聚力。



13. An education reform centering on curriculum and teaching materials
is
under
way
．
As
our
main
goal
，
we
will
try
to
reform
the
educational
system
so
that
it
focuses
on
the
enhancement
of
the
students'
abilities
instead of training them merely to pass exams.
当前正在进行的课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。


3
14.
In
a
sense
，
people
are
the
key
to
whether
we
Chinese
perform
well
domestically
，
whether socialism
，
the reform and opening are adhered to
，
whether the economy will grow quickly and the country enjoy long-term
peace and stability.
中国的事情能不能办好，社会主义和改革开放能不能坚持，经济能不能 快一点发展起来，国家能不能长治久安，
从一定意义上说，关键在人。



15.
To
guarantee
a
minimum
standard
of
living
and
to
improve
the
Citizens' welfare
，
China's only choice is to strive for economic growth and
see
to
it
the
population
growth
conforms
to
the
country's
social
and
economic development.
为了保证人们起码的生活条件，使公民富裕起 来，中国惟一正确的选择就是努力发展经济，调整人口增长以适应
国家社会和经济的发展。



16. The presence of China is felt
，
more than ever
，
all over the world
，
assuming historic dimensions in the world political situation.
在世界各地，今天比任何时候都更加感觉到 中国的存在，它在世界政治形势中占有历史性的重要地位。



17. Our socialist practice has been the result much more of responding to
a felt need than to any understanding and application of socialist theory.
我们的社会主义实践，与其说是出于社会主义理论的理解和运用，还不如说是为了适应现实的需要。


18. The most important of all the great world problems which face us at
the present time is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land
and on land resources.
我们现在面临的所有重大世界性问题中最重要的问题，就是人口对土地和土地资源的压力正在迅速增长。






4
19.
Nowadays
in
the
condition
of
the
science
and
technology
being
developed swift and violent
，
the hope of vitalizing economy is education
，
the quality and quantity of the teachers-group has a decisive effect on the
education development.
在科学技术迅猛发展的今天，振兴经济的希 望在教育，教师队伍的数量和质量对教育发展只有决定性的影响。



20. It is imperative to guide people to correctly handle relations between
competition and cooperation
，
between the exercise of decision power and
supervision
，
between efficiency and fairness
，
between achieving prosperity
sooner and achieving common prosperity
，
and between economic returns
and social effects.
必须引导人们正确处理竞争和协作、自主和监督、 效率和公平、先富和共富、经济效率和社会效益等关系。



21.
The
speed
of
reform
of
state-owned
enterprises
must
be
accelerated

to
ensure
sustained,
rapid
and
sound
development
of
the
national
economy.
为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展，我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。



22.
The
doctrine
of
filial
piety,
which
was
the
foundation
of
Confucian
education, advocated not only devotion to one's parents but submission to
all types of authorities at any levels.
孝道是儒家教育的基石，它宣扬不仅要孝敬父母，而且要臣服于各级各类的权威。



23.
At
present,
a
sweeping
and
profound
social
and
economic
reform
is
being carriedout in China. lifts remarkable transformation has turned a
dosed
economic
system
centered
on
plans
and
projects
to
an
open
market- based economy.
目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。这个伟大的改革 使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的
开放经济。



5
24.
A
mother
in
a
family,
who
is
illiterate,
can
hardly
shoulder
the
responsibility for a good education of the younger generation. If we fail to
improve
the
cultural
quality
of
women
who
account
nearly
half
of
the
population in China, we can by no means improve the cultural quality of
the whole nation.
一个母亲如果没有文化，很难担负教育好下一代的责任 。占中国人口半数的妇女的文化素质提不高，全民族的文
化素质也难提高。



25.
We
are
managing
to
educate
citizens
to
avoid
the
behaviors
of
over
consumption,
such
as
the
excessive
use
of
air
conditioners,
private
cars
and disposable products at will.
我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过分消费，比如使用过多的空调，私人汽车，以及随意处理的产品。


26.
Since
China
started
to
implement
the
policy
of
opening
up
to
the
outside,
its
total
or
semi-closure
has
been
changed
and
the
level
of
its
economy and technology has been raised.
实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态，提高了我国经济水平。



e is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways
of life of a given group of human beings.
文化是某一特定人群所有传统、习谷、信仰和各种生活方式的总和。



women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its polities by
the lives they live.
一个国家的妇女通过她们的生活方式塑造了这个国家的道德、完教和政治。



29.
Helping
the
truly
poor
is
much
worthier
than
merely
narrowing
inequalities. And helping the Iower class rejoin mainstream of society is in
the interests of all.
帮助真正的穷 人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来，符合所人的利益。


6
continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification
of
the
motherland,
and
to
safeguard
world
peace
and
promote
common
development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new
century.
推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共 同发展，是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。



31.
To observe
and evaluate
the status of
human
fights in
a
country, we
should take into consideration the historical, social, economic and cultural
conditions of the very country instead of cutting off the history, divorcing
from
the
current
situations
of
the
country,
not
to
mention
applying
one
model
or
the
situation
of
a
certain
country
or
area
to
all
the
countries
mechanically.
Each
country'
s
human
rights
problem
should
be
solved
mainly
by
its
own
government
and
people,
while
that
of
the
world
by
governments and people from all over the world together.
观察和评价 一个国家的人权状况，应考虑到该国的历史、社会、经济、文化等条件，不能割断该国的历史、脱离
该国 的国情，更不能按一个模式或某个国家或区域的情况来简单套用。各国的人权问题主要由各国政府和人民自
己来解决，世界的人权问题要由世界各国政府和人民共同参与来解决。




present,
the
international
situation
is
experiencing
the
most
complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War. Peace and
development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the
world.
Peace
is
the
premise
of
development
while
the
latter
is
the
guarantee
of
the
former,
and
seeking
for
development
under
peaceful
circumstances has become the common desire of the international society.
当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以来最 复杂、最深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两
大课题。和平是发展的前提，发展是 和平的保障，在和平的环境中谋求发展已成为国际社会的共同愿望。










7
only way to acquire more knowledge is by education and training.
Knowledge,
like
capital,
material
resources
and
sweat,
has
become
a
necessary, perhaps the most fundamental factor of production. Therefore,
the
educational
system
of
a
society
should
be
able
to
shift
towards
the
knowledge-based work fast, or this society will inevitably lag behind.
获得更多知识的惟一途径是通过教育和培 训。知识如同资本、物质资源和汗水一样，已经变成了生产的一个必要
因素——也许是最基本的因素。因 此，一个社会的教育体系应该是能够向以知识为基础的工作迅速转变，否则这
个社会就将不可避免地落在 后面。



34.
Peace
and
development
are
the
common
aspiration
of
people
of
all
countries and are the main themes of today’s world. Peace is the basis for
development and development promotes peace, It is our common duty to
promote
world
economic
development
and
safeguard
world
peace
with
―equality, credibility, cooperation and development‖ as the basic criteria.

和平与发展，是世界各国人民的共同愿望和当今世界的主题，和平是发展 的基础，发展促进和平。以
“
平等，诚信，
合作，发展
”
为基本准则 ，推进世界经济发展，维护世界和平，是我们共同的职责。



35. The Taiwan question is an important question of principle that has a
bearing on China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and the great cause of
national
reunification.
To
put
an
end
to
the
separation
between
the
two
sides
of
the
Straits
and
realize
the
reunification
of
Taiwan
and
the
Mainland
is
the
common
aspiration
of
all
Chinese
both
in
China
and
overseas. It is also where the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation
lie.
台湾问题是 关系中国主权，领土完整和祖国统一大业的重大原则问题。结束两岸的分离局面，实现台湾和祖国大
陆的 统一，是海内外中国人的共同愿望，也是中华民族的根本利益所在。






8
36. The
development
and
spread
of
IT
is
having
significant
influence on
education
and
bringing
unprecedented
challenge
and
opportunity
to
modern
education.
This
is
mainly
shown
in
Internet
education,
where
a
strong
challenge
is
posed
to
―national
education‖,
to
traditional
educational
ideology
and
theories.
This
challenge
causes
the
shift
from
systematized education to non-systematized education.
信息技术的发展和传播正在对教育产生重大的影响，给现代教育带来了前所未有 的挑战和机遇。这主要表现为网
络教育对
“
国家教育
”
的挑战，对传 统教育思想和理论的挑战，使制度化教育向非制度化教育转变。



37.
Books
introduce
us
into
outstanding
social
groups
and
bring
us
into
the presence of the greatest minds that have ever reading we
see their behaviours and listen to their words as if they were really alive.
We
sympathize
with
them
and
share
their
joy
and
suffering.
Their
experience that seems to become ours makes us feel as if we were in the
scenes which they describe.
书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将我们带到伟大的思想家面前。读书中我们耳 闻目睹他们的言行举止，仿佛
见到了他们活生生的身影，我们同情他们的遭遇，与他们有乐共享、有难同 当。他们的遭遇似乎也成为了我们的
经历，使我们感到我们自己有点像在他们所描绘的情景中扮演角色。



38.
Fame,
wealth
and
power
are
merely
worldly
possessions
within
the
reach
of
anybody
striving
for
them
.But
your
experience
of
life
and
feelings
about
life
are
your
own
and
they
could
not
be
shared.
A
full
awareness of this will point out you that the most important thing in your
existence
is
your
distinctive
individuality
or
something
special
of
yours.
What really counts is not your worldly success but your peculiar insight
into the meaning of life and your commitment to it.
名声、财产和权利等都是身外之 物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。如果你真正意识到这一
点，你就会明白，我生在 世最重要的事就是活出你自己的特色和滋味来。你的人生是否有意义，衡量的标准不是
外在的成功，而是 对人生意义的独特领悟和追求。




9
persisted in the scientific view of development by putting people
first,
and
endeavor
to
build
a
harmonious
society.
New
progress
was
achieved
in
its
reform,
opening
up
and
modernization
drive.
Economy
developed constantly, more democratic practices were seen in the political
arena, and the society made progresses in a comprehensive way. Further
advancements were made in people
’s living standards, and everything in
China took on continuing improvement and development in all fields.
中国坚持以人为本的科学发展观，着力构建 和谐社会，改革开放和现代化建设取得了新的进展。经济持续发展，
政治更加民主，社会全面进步，人民 生活进一步提高，并呈现出不断改善和全面发展的良好局面。



40.
Realizing
the
difference
among
our
culture
can
help
us
to
communicate
with
each
other
more
effectively.
Learning
our
different
ways
of
communication
can
enrich
our
cultural
ent
communication
styles
embody
our
deep-seated
views
of
philosophy
and
the deep-seated views of philosophy and the world is exactly
our cultural foundations respectively. We will get wider visions which are
shown by the world when we can understand the deep-seated philosophy.
意识到 我们的文化差异可以帮助我们更有效地相互交流，了解我们不同的交流方式可以丰富我们的文化生活。不
同的交流风格体现了我们深层的哲学观及世界观，这些深层的哲学观及世界观正是我们各自的文化基础。明白了< br>这些深层哲学我们就会获得这个世界展示给我们的更加宽广的景象。










10
approval of every country to multi-polarization reflects the pursuit
of
democratization
in
international
relations
in
a

the
times
of
economic
globalization
，
a
relation
of
deep
interdependence
is
formed
among

principle
of
equality
among
nations
，
which
was
published
in
Charters
of
the
United
Nations
，
is
filtering
into
people's

and
morecountries
have
clearly
realized
that
big
or
small
strong
or
weak
，
rich
or
poor
，
every
nation
is
all
equal
member
of
the
democratization of international relations will be the common
aspiration in establishing new order of the world.
从某种意义上说，各国对多极化的认可反映了国际关系中对 民主化的追求。在经济全球化的时代，一种深入的相
互依赖的关系正在国与国之间形成。在联合国宪章中 曾发表过的一种国与国平等的原则正深入人心，越来越多的
国家已经清楚地意识到：无论大小、强弱、贫 富，所有的国家都是世界大家庭中平等的一员，国际关系的民主化
将成为构筑世界新秩序的共同愿望。< br>


oning is not only the necessary step of discarding the false while
retaining
the
truth
in
the
negative
aspect
，
but
also
a
basic
condition
in
establishing
new
theories
and
inspiring
new
invention
in
the
positive

is
lazy
of
thought
to
admit
other's
word
completely
without
kind of people is always playing a passive role without the
ability to learn the people who often question and ask
others
can
raise

want
to
get
the
answers
by
raising

is
no
way
for
increasing
knowledge
except
constantly
asking and answering questions
．

质疑不仅是从消极方面去伪存 真的必要步骤，也是从积极方面建立新学说，启迪新发明的基本条件。对于别人说
过的话，不经过思索， 都不打折扣地承认，那是思想上的懒惰。这样的人永远是被动的，永远不能冶学。只有常
常质疑，常常发 问的人才能提出问题，提出问题才想求出解答。学问只有通过不断的发问和求解才能增长，别无
他法。< br>







11
43.A
winner
experiences
the
reality
of
himself
by
knowing
himself,being
himself ,and becoming a credible,responsive person .He is not afraid to do
his own thinking and to use his own can separate facts from
opinion
and
doesn
’
t
pretend
to
have
all
the

listens
to
others,evaluates what they say ,but comes to his own conclusions,while he
can
admire
and
respect
other
people
,he
is
not
totally
defined,
demolished,bound,or awed by them.
胜利者通过认识自 我、展现自我、成为可信赖并负责的人，才能体验真实的自我。他不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕
运用自己的 知识。他能够把事实和观点区分开来，而且不假装什么事情都懂。他听取别人的意见，评价别人的意
见， 但得出的结论一定是自己的。他能够欣赏和尊重他人，但绝不被他人牵制和摆布，也不畏惧他人。



advance science ,technology and education is an important driving
force for building a sustainable tely,economic growth and a
better life can only be achieved by acquiring knowledge and especially by
making
scientific
and
technological

should
pursue

scientific and technological innovation as a matter of strategic priority in
carring
out
international
cooperation,expand
and
deepen
such
cooperation
and
make
new
progress
in
scientific
and
technological

resources
are
the
key
to
scientific
and
technological
innovation and education provides the basis for it.
发展科技创新和教育，是共创可持续未来的 重要动力。经济增长和民生改善，说到底要依靠知识进步，特别是要
依靠科技创新。应该把推动科技创新 摆在国际合作优先发展的战略地位，不断扩大科技合作领域，深化科技合作
内涵，提升科技创新水平。科 技创新，人才是关键，教育是基础。













12

word
―
culture
‖

originally
means
accumulation
in
foreign
languages. Ancient scholars laid much emphasis on incremental progress
in learning, a correct way in fact. It is so because in learning not only is
the
ability
to
understand
required,
memory
is
necessary

no
matter
how
strong
your
understanding
and
memory
can
be
,it
always
takes
some
time
before
you
can
really
understand
and
memorize
the
things
you
learned
.Some
people
think
that
they
could
comprehend
everything
at
a
set
,but
the
reality
would
always
turn
out
to
be
the
opposite.
“
文化
”
这个词在外交里最初是积累的意思。
古代学者非常重视逐渐积累的过程，
这是符合一般规律的正确方法。
因
为学习 不但要靠理解能力，还要靠记忆力。无论理解力和记忆力有多强，要理解和记住所学的东西总要有一个过
程。有些人认为他们一下子就能把什么都学会，其结果必定是事与愿违。



ic
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
relations
between
contemporary China and the rest of the Chinese economy has
become
an
important
part
of
the
world

has
become
an
important member of the international system ,and the future and destiny
of China have been increasingly closely connected with the international

cannot
develop
in
isolation
from
the
rest
of
the
world
,nor
can
be
the
world
enjoy
prosperity
and
stability
without
will, as it always does ,endeavor to build ,together with other
countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
当代中国与世界的关系发生了历史性的变化。中国经济已经成为世界经济的重 要组成部分。中国已经成为国际体
系的重要成员，中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一 起。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣
稳定也离不开中国。中国将一如既往地致力于与各国一道建设持 久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。












13