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论语之英文对照
THE CONFUCIAN
ANALECTS
There are learning extensively, and having a firm and sincere aim; inquiring with
earnestness, and reflecting with self-application;
----virtue is such a course.
(1)
To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business,
and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the
people at the proper seasons.
(2)
He
who exercises government by means of his virtue, may be compared to the north
polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.
(3)
If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought be given them by punishments,
they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of
propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.
(4)
He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.
The superior man is catholic and no partisan. The mean man is a partisan not catholic.
(5)
Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak
cautiously at the same time of the others: -- then you will afford few occasions for
blame.
See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at
the same time in carrying the others into practice: then you will have few occasions
for repentance.
When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for
repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.
(6)
The prince Ai asked, saying, “What should be done in order to secure the submission
of the people?” Confucius replied, “Advance the upright
and set aside the crooked,
then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the
people will not submit. ”
(7)
A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place; I am concerned how I
may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known; I seek to be worthy
to be known.
The Master said,
when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine
ourselves.
(8)
Tsze-kung asked about government. The Master said,
are that there be sufficiency of food, sufficiency of military equipment, and the
confidence of the people in their ruler.
Tsze-kung said,
which of the three should be foregone first?
Master.
Tsze-
kung again asked, “If it cannot be helped, and one of the remaining two must
b
e dispensed with, which of them should be foregone?” The Master answered, “Part
with the food. From of old, death has been the lot of an men; but if the people have no
faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.”
（１
０）
The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying,
for expenditure are not sufficient; -- what is to be done?
Yu Zo replied to him,
system of one tenth?
Yu Zo answered,
alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plenty alone.
（１１）
The Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied,
government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is
father, and the son is son.
minister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have my revenue, can I
enjoy it?
（１２）
Tsze-chang asked about government. The Master said,
keep its affairs before the mind without weariness, and to practice them with
undeviating consistency.
Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied,
to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare not to be correct?
（１
3
）
Ji K'ang asked Confucius about government, saying,
unprincipled for the good of the principled?
Confucius replied,
killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be
good. The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and
the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows across it.
（１
４）
Zilu asked about government. The Master said,
example, and be laborious in their affairs.
He requested further instruction, and was answered,
things.
（１５）
Zhonggong, being chief minister to the head of the Ji family, asked about government.
The Master said,
faults, and raise to office men of virtue and talents.
Zhonggong said,
raise them to office?
those whom you do not know, will others neglect them?
（１６）
Tsze-lu said,
administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?
The Master replied,
rectification?
The Master said,
he does not know, shows a cautious reserve.
（
17-1
）
language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to
success.
flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be
properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not
know how to move hand or foot.
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