英国文学-名词解释-

2021年1月25日发(作者：劳尔森)
1.

2.

3.

4.

学习好资料










欢迎下载

epic
史诗
:a long narrative poem,
grand in
style, about
heroes and heroic deeds, embodying heroic
ideals of a nation or race in the making.
Beowulf
is the English national epic that was passed from
mouth to mouth and written down by many unknown hands.
Conceit:

a
kind
of
metaphor
that
makes
a
comparison
between
two
startlingly
different
things.
A
conceit
usually
provides
the
framework
for
an
entire
poem.
An
especially
unusual
and
intellectual
kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne..
Epiphany(
顿悟）
: a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident
Metaphysical poetry:
玄学诗派


the poetry of John Donne and other 17th- century poets who wrote
in
a
similar
style.
It
is
characterized
by
verbal
wit
and
excess,
ingenious
structure,
irregular
meter,
colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas .
memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax.
Often such writing makes no distinction between various levels of reality--such as dreams, memories, imaginative
thoughts or real sensory perception.









5.

Stream
of
consciousness
意识流
:
a
kind
of
writing
technique
in
which
a
character's
perceptions,
thoughts,
and
6.

heroic couplet
英雄双韵体

two
successive
lines
of
rhymed
poetry
in
iambic
pentameter.
Geoffrey
Chaucer’s
masterpiece
The
Canterbury Tale
was written in heroic couplet.
7.

ballad meter
民谣体

traditionally a four-line stanza containing alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, usually with a
refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great love ballad.

8.

sonnet
十四行诗

a fixed form consisting of fourteen lines of 5-foot iambic verse. It first flourished in Italy in the 14
th

century. William Shakespeare was a great English sonnet writer famous for his 154 sonnets.
9.

iambic pentameter
五步抑扬格

the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an
accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly established by him in
The Canterbury Tales
.

10.

image
意象

a concrete representation of an object
or sensory
experience. Typically,
such a
representation
helps
evoke
the
feelings
associated
with
the
object
or
experience
itself.
Many
images
are
conveyed
by
figurative
language.
An
image
may
be
visual,
olfactory,
tactile,
auditory,
gustatory,
abstract
and
kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert Burns’ poem “A Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful image.

11.


“Dramatic

monologue”
戏剧独白

that is a lyric poem which reveals
“
a soul in
action”
through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. T
he character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic
monent in the
speaker’s
life.

12.

blank verse
无韵诗，素体诗

unrhymed
iambic
pentameter,
the
most
widely
used
of
English
verse
forms
and
usually
used
in
English dramatic and epic poetry. William Shakespeare’s play
Hamlet
is written in blank verse.
13.

Sonnet
is

a verse form of fourteen lines, in English characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of
the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or Shakespearean

14.

essay
散文

a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a few hundred words or of book length and
which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is one of the most flexible
and adaptable of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of
good essay.
15.

English Romanticism
英国浪漫主义

a literary movement that aimed at free expres
sion of the writer’s ideas and feelings and flourished in