高级英语第二册8-12课paraphrase

2021年1月25日发(作者：rejecting)
第八课

1
….by the very fact of production,
he has risen above the animal kingdom.
Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.

2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent of nature.
Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.

3.
…
all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man
’
s reason and skill.
All the above-mentioned work shows how man has transformed nature through his reason and skill.

4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.
Therefore pleasure and work went together; so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he
was doing.

5. Work became the chief factor in a system of
“
inner worldly asceticism
”
, an answer to man
’
s sense of aloneness and
isolation.

Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing
that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolated leading this kind of ascetic life.


6. Work has became alienated from the working person.
In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.

7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaning human activity.
Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or purpose.

8.
…
a pay check is not enough to base one
’
s self-respect on.
Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.

9.
…
most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker
’
s psyche.
Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.

10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.
Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has
better relations with the public.

11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.
The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more
a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.

12. He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.
The
businessman
knows
the
quality
or
usefulness
of
his
product
is
not
what
it
should
be.
He
despises
the
goods
he
produces, conscious of the deception involved.

第九课

1. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.
The
loud
ringing
of
the
bells,
which
sent
the
frightened
swallows
flying
high,
marked
the
beginning
of
the
Festival
of
Summer in Omelas.
2. Their high calls rising like the swallows
’
crossing flights over the music and singsing.
The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by
overhead.
3. Exercised their restive horses before the race.
The
riders
were
putting
the
horses
through
some
exercises
because
the
horses
were
eager
to
start
and
stubbornly
resisting the control of the riders.
4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.
After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.
5. These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopians.
The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists
dreaming of a perfect society.
6. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.
An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.
7. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.
They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.
8. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.
Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will
be equal to the task.
9. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.
The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.

10. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neglect.
Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because
of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.

11. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.
The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and
tenderly.

12. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.
They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize
how just and fair though terrible reality was.
第十课

1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.
At the very mention of this post-war period, middle- aged people begin to think about it longingly.
2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.
In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle- class respectability and affected refinement.
3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
4.
It
was
tempted,
in
America
at
least,
to
escape
its
responsibilities
and
retreat
behind
an
air
of
naughty
alcoholic
sophistication.
In
America
at
least,
the
young
people
were
strongly
inclined
to
shirk
their
responsibilities.
They
pretended
to
be
worldly- wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.
5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit.
The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense
of adventure.
6. Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.
Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.
7. They
“
wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up
”
.
The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.
8. They had outgrown towns and families.
These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.

9. The returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of
Prohibition.
The
returning
veteran
also
had
to
face
Prohibition
which
the
lawmakers
hypocritically
assumed
would
do
good
to
the
people.

10. Something in tension- ridden youth of America had to
“
give
”
.
(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and
“
Puritanical
”

gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center.
It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry,
and

12. Each town had its
“
fast
”
set which prided itself on its unconventionality.

Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.
第十一课


1. Below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling.
The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic
feeling for each other.

2. At heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.
What
the
wealthy
employers
would
really
like
to
do
is
to
whip
all
the
workers
whom
they
consider
to
be
lazy
and
troublesome people.

3. There are not many of these man, either on the board or the shop floor.