英美文学复习资料

2021年1月25日发(作者：圣诞节英语怎么说)
英美文学复习资料，欢迎转载和补充，没有版权。


Term definition

1.

A ballad(
歌谣
)
is a story told in song, usually in 4-line
stanzas
（诗的一节）
,
with
the
second
and
fourth
lines
rhymed.
When
it
was
chanted
（吟唱）
by
ballad-singers,
the
audience
joined
a
refrain
（重复）
which
usually
followed
each
stanza.
2.

Pentameter
（五步格诗）

isa
common
pattern
of
beats
in
English
poetry in which each line consists of 5feet.
3.

Epic
（史诗）
is a longand exalted
（高尚的）

narrativepoem,
usually on a serious subject centered on a heroic figure.

4.

Romance

is aliterary genre
（流派）

in verse or in prose popular in
themiddle ages. It deals with legendary , supernatural or
anonymous
（
无个性特征的）

subjects and characters. Theromance
of the middle ages was a form of chivalric
（骑士的）

and romantic
literature.

5.

Chivalry
（骑士精神）

is the code of manners and moralsof a
knight.
6.

Blank verse
is a succession of unrhymed iambic
（短长格的）

pentameters primarily an English form and has been used in
the loftiest
（崇高的）
epic and dramatic versefrom
Shakespeare and Milton to the present.
7.

Sonnet
is a poem of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter,
restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. There aretwo
prominent types: the Elizabethan, or Shakespearean sonnet.
8.

Stanza
is a groupof lines whose pattern is repeated throughout
the poem.

9.

Meter

isthe result of stresses recurring
（循环的）
at fixed intends.

10.

Alliteration
（押头韵）

is
a
poetical
form,
in
which
certain
accented
（带口音的）
words in a line begin with the same
consonant
（和谐的）
sounds.
11.

Heroic
couplets
are
two
rhyme
iambic
pentameter
lines
which
was made popular by pop in the18c. This form is oftenused
in epics and heroic dramas. Alexander emptied these heroic
dramas withgreat effort.
12.

Spenserian Stanza
is a special verse form that consists of eight
iambic pentameter linesfollowed by a ninth line of six iambic feet,
with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.

13.

Renaissance
（文艺复兴）
refers to the period between the
14
th
and mid-17
th
centuries. It, in essence, is a historical
period inwhich the European humanist thinkers and scholars
made
attempts
to
get
rid
ofthose
feudalist
ideas
in
medieval
（中世纪的）

Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed
theinterests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of
the earlychurch from the corruption of the Roman Catholic
church.

14.

The
metaphysical
（玄学派诗歌的）
poetry
is a school of poetry
thatappeared at about the beginning of 17
th
century, represented
by JohnDonne. The works of the metaphysical poetry are
characterized, generallyspeaking, by mysticism
（神秘主义）

in
content and fantasticality in form.

15.

EnlightenmentMovement
isa progressive intellectual
movement,
a
furtherance
（促进）
of
theRenaissance,
with
its
purpose
to
enlighten
the
whole
world
with
the
light
ofmodern
philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners
celebrated reason,equality, and science, with Alexander
Pope,
Joseph
Addison,
Jonathan
Swift,Daniel
Defoe,
and
Henry
Fielding as the famous representatives.
16.

Classicism
isa literary tendency of a revival of interest
in
the
old
classical
ing
to
the
classicists,
all
forms of literature were to be modeled afterthe classical
works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers (Homer,
Virgil,Horace,
Ovid,
etc.).
They
believed
that
the
artistic
ideas should be order,logic, restrained emotion, and
accuracy, and that literature should be judgedin terms of
its service to humanity.
17.

Sentimentalism
is one of the important trends in English
literature
of
themiddle
and
later
decades
of
the
18th
century,
represented
by
Thomas
Gray.
Itjustly
criticized
the
cruelty
of the capitalist relations and the gross
（恶劣的）

social
injustices brought about by the bourgeois revolutions. It
embracesa pessimistic
（悲观主义的）

outlook and blames reason
and the Industrial Revolution, marked by asincere sympathy for
the poverty-stricken, expropriated
（被征地的）

peasants.


Short Answer Questions

1.

features of
Beowulf
：
The most striking feature in its
poeticalform is the use of alliteration. Other feature of
Beowulf
are
the
use
ofmetaphors(
隐喻
)
and
of
understatements
（保守的陈述）
.P5

2.

artisticfeatures of
Piers the Plowman
：
Itis written in the
form of a dream vision, and the author tells his story
underthe guise of having dreamed. The poem is also an
allegory(
预言
)which uses symbolism to relate truth but is
a realistic picture of medieval(
中世纪的
)England. P15

3.

Christopher Marlowe’sliterary achievement
s: He reformed
the
English
drama
and
perfected
the
verse
ofdramatic
works.
Marlowe’s dramatic achievements lies chiefly in his
epical(
叙述诗
), and attimes lyrical
（抒情诗），
verse. His
work paved the way for the play of the greatestEnglish
dramatist
—
Shakespeare. P55
4.

the popularforms of drama before the reign of
Elizabeth :Miracle plays, morality plays,interludes(
幕间
节目
)andclassical plays
—
such were forms of drama
prevailing until the reign ofElizabeth. P47