英语学科教学论

2021年1月25日发(作者：朦胧美)
(
一
)
1. What is the goal of foreign language teaching?

To help the learner master the target language in the shortest possible time
By
mastering
the
target
language,
we
mean
that
the
learner
is
able
to
have
successful
communications with others in the target language.

2. What is the nature of FLTM?
FLTM is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming
at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.

It
examines
the
practices
and
procedures
in
foreign
language
teaching;
studies
approaches,
methods and techniques;and studies principles and beliefs that underline them.

3. Why do we call FLTM is an interdisciplinary science?
It
involves
a
lot
of
disciplines
such
as
philosophy,
linguistics,
psychology,
pedagogy,
Anthropology, Sociology. So we call it an interdisciplinary science
4. What are the main features of traditional linguistics? (purpose, beliefs, approach and contents)
Purpose: to help understand classic works
beliefs: the written form of language superior to the spoken form.
approach:

a prescriptive approach
Contents:
Classification
of
all
the
words
into
8
parts
of
speech
and
the
study
of
the
syntax
of
Greek
5. What are the main features of American structuralism? ( beliefs, approach and contents)
beliefs: speech was primary and writing was secondary.
approach:

a descriptive and inductive approach
Contents:
1. A language was a habit of verbal behavior which consisted of a series of stimuli and responses.

2.
To
acquire
a
language
was
to
form
a
habit
of
verbal
behavior
and
learning
a
language
was
learning a habit.

6. What is Chomsky
’
s explanation of the first language acquisition process?
Linguists should study the linguistic competence, not the performance, of the native speaker and
try to set up a system of rules that will generate an infinite number of grammatical sentences.

7. What is the main feature of functional linguistics?
the meaning of any single word is to a high degree dependent on its context.

The context of situation must have an important position in a descriptive linguistic model.

Linguistic
events
should
be
accounted
for
at
three
primary
levels:
substance)
the
material
of
language) , form (organization)

and context (relations of the form to non-linguistic features of
the situation).

Three dimensions: field, tenor, and mode.

8. What is the basic theory of Gestalt psychology?
Contents: the area of perception, aiming at the exploration of the relationship between parts and
whole in people
’
s perceptual experience.

beliefs:
people
perceives
objects
and
scenes
as
organized
wholes
before
they
noticed
their
component parts
9. What is the basic theory of psychoanalysis?
Contents: the analysis of the unconscious mind.


beliefs: unconscious mental processes influence conscious thought and action.


10. What is the basic theory of behaviorism?
Important figures:

1. John B. Watson (American psychologist)
Contents: nonhuman animal
’
s behavior and the external environmental conditions.

beliefs: Behavior was the only proper subject of study in psychology ,because only behavior, not
the mind, could be observed publicly and objectively
Important figures:

2. B. F. Skinner, the leader of behaviorism
Contents: learning

To characterize learning in terms of stimuli and responses
To identify basic learning processes

Beliefs:
learning
processes
can
be
divided
into
two
kinds:
classical
conditioning
and
operant
conditioning.

11. What is the basic theory of cognitive psychology?
contents
：
to explain observable behavior by reference to hypothetical mental structures.

beliefs: experimental subjects do not simply make passive, mechanic responses to stimuli. Rather
they are very active in identifying the meaning of stimuli and in expecting the consequences of
their responses.


12. What are the main six theories of second language acquisition? What are the main features?
The habit-formation theory
习惯
-
形成理论

According
to
behaviorists,
language
is
regarded
as
a
set
of
linguistic
habits
and
the
linguistic
habits
are
formed
through
identifying
and
strengthening
the
associations
between
stimuli
and
responses.
Learning
a
second
language
means
the
formation
of
a
new
set
of
linguistic
habits.
Imitation and practice play an important role in the process of habit-formation. Errors should be
predicted,
avoided
and
should
be
corrected.
Positive
transfer/
negative
transfer/
contrastive
analysis

The hypothesis of linguistic universals
语言共性说

There exists certain linguistic properties which are true to all the natural languages in the world.
Noam Chomsky : a particular language; core grammar and peripheral grammar
Hoseph H. Greenberg: different languages
The acculturation theory
文化认同说

Individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitudes, knowledge,
and
behavior
in
order
to
function
well
in
another
culture.
Social
and
psychological
distances
determine the degree of acculturation success
The discourse theory

话语交际说

In the late 1970s
E. Hatch:

focus his research on the process of second language acquisition
Only through communication discourses can the learner acquire the second language
The monitor theory
监调理论


The cognitive theory
认知理论

Cognitive psychology: learning is a cognitive process
The second language learning should be regarded as the acquisition of a complex cognitive skill,
and
its
internal
representations
include
procedures
for
selecting
appropriate
vocabulary,