跨文化交际与翻译

2021年1月25日发(作者：英美概况)

Intercultural communication and translation

Intercultural
communication
mainly
refers
to
the
communication
between
the
native
speakers
and
non-native
speakers,
as
well
as
the
communication
between
people
who
differ
in
any
aspect
of
language
or
culture
background.
Due
to
the
differences
in
surroundings,
societies
and
religions
of
different
ethnic
groups,
each
language community results in its own code of language, social culture, customs and
practices and so on. Intercultural communication studies situations when people from
different
culture
backgrounds
interact.
Aside
from
language,
IC
focuses
on
social
attributes,
thought
patterns
and
the
cultures
of
different
groups
of
people.
IC
also
involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from
other
countries.
There
are
three
formats
of
IC:
interracial
communication
(when
source and receiver are different races), interethnic communication (situation in which
the
parties
are
of
the
same
race
but
of
different
ethnic
origins)
and
intracultural
communication
(communication
between
members
of
the
same
culture
including
racial, ethnic and other co- cultures).
The
term
translation
itself
has
several
meanings:
it
can
refer
to
the
general
subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of
producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translating
between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original
written text (the source text) in the original verbal language (the source language) into
a written text (the target text) in a different verbal language (the target language). This
type corresponds to
“
interlingual translation
”
and is one of the three Roman Jakobson
in
his
seminal
paper.
Jakobson
’
s
categories
are:
1.
Intralingual
translation,
or
“
rewording
”

–
an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same
language;
2.
Interlingual
translation,
or
“
translation
proper
”

–

an
interpretation
of
verbal
signs
by
means
of
some
other
language;
3.
Intersemiotic
translation,
or
“
transmutation
”

–
an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs
of non-verbal
sign systems. Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or
text
in
the
same
language
to
explain
or
clarify
something
we
might
have
said
or
written.
Intersemiotic
translation
would
occur
if
a
written
text
were
translated,
for
example,
into
music,
film
or
painting.
It
is
interlingual
translation
which
is
the
traditional, although by no means exclusive, focus of translation studies.

It is easily seen that the three forms of intercultural communication and the three
types
of
translation
are
partly
corresponding
to
each
other,
especially
interracial
communication
and
interlingual
translation
which
both
attach
attention
on
the
communication
between
native
and
non-native,
and
where
different
cultures
of
different
countries
play
more
important
role.
To
conduct
effective
intercultural
communication, one has to
understand the differences
between the different
nations
and then to look for them and pay attention to in every cross-cultural communication
situation. By doing this, the high-context communicators can learn to use and respond
words,
emotions,
postures
differently,
and
low-context
communicators
can
learn
to