2018年高考英语二轮复习专题03阅读理解Ⅰ(讲)(含解析)

2021年1月25日发(作者：globex)
专题
3
阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题

【构建知识体系】

考点
1
精确归纳标题

主旨大意题

考点
2
概括文章大意

考点
3
总结段落大意



2015-2017
年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计

考点分布

年份

章节

素材话题

关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题
讲座安排的海报

作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南
部度假的感受

第一节

2015
介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心
举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦
多·达 利艺术展的情况

法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显
心理沟通的社会功能，产生了
积极的意义。

第二节

重建人际关系中的信任的意义
与措施

第一节

主要介绍了四位著名的女性的
基本情况。

主要介绍了社会上很多老年人
搬到离子女近的地方居住的一
2016
种趋势，同时也建议老人们要
做出适合自己的选择。

文章主要讲述了作者在 一次运
送造血干细胞途中的一段经
历，表现了人们之间的友爱。

主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背
说明文

记叙文

说明文


1

9
4
1
说明文

信息匹配

议论文

记叙文

体裁

主旨大意

细节理解

推理判断

词义猜测

应用文

记叙文

0
9
5
1
说明文

景下的不同含义。

第二节

主要介绍了密码的设置方法和
破解方法。

文章主 要从购物点、就餐点、
租
借
服
务
三
方
面
介
绍
了
Pacific Science Center
，并
展
示
了
Pacific
Science
应用文

说明文

信息匹配

Center
为人们做的贡献，呼吁
人们的支持。

救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新
的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的
故事。

文章讲述了为提高人们对于爵
第一节

士乐的重视程度，联合国教科
文组织

把
4
月
30
号定为了国
际爵士乐日。然而这一行为还
是
没
能
挽
救
爵
士
乐
。
Jason
2017

M oran
认为时代在进步，
为了将
老一代人和年轻一代人联接起
来，爵士乐应 该也随之进步。

文章主要介绍了一种自己可以
亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能
蒸馏器的方法和它的工作
原
理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简
单，适用于任何缺水的地方。

第二节

文章讲述了三年前，作者对露
营一无所知，也不认为自己 会
喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次
露营的经历，作者和他的家人
开始爱上了露营，甚至为 露营
购买了设备齐全的房车。作者
认为露营是回归大自然的一个
方式，也建议读者找到 适合自
己的回归自然的方式。

记叙文

信息匹配

科普说
明文

说明文

1
7
5
2
记叙文



2015-2017
年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计

考点分布

年份

章节

素材话题

我的彩电给我带来的头疼
事：
花的钱比广告上的多，
A
而且机子是过时的，质量
也有问题，最后只能花钱
修。

B
减肥除了少吃之外，还和
房间有关系：
房子要明亮；
勇冷色系会减少食欲；放
一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用
校的碗碟

2015
C
越来越多即将 上大学的学
生选择
“间隔年”
。
有人认
为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更
加成熟、更有责任感。但
也有人指出这种做法存在
弊端， 有些学生会因为负
担不起大学学费而被迫利
用这一年去打工。

D
从价格到参观的内容介绍
了四个英国的旅游胜地。

主要介绍了几个广告的具
A
2016
体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧
表演和歌曲等活动的具体
安排，如时间、地点等。

主要讲述了作者在上课的
B
时候通过让学生们拼装玩
具，从而发现并鼓励学生
记叙文

应用文

1
9
3
2
广告应用类
比

社会现象议
论类

1
5
8
1
科普说明文

记叙文

体裁

主旨大意

细节理解

推理判断

词义猜测

们的创造性思维的故事。

主要介绍了网站
C

建立
的目的以及它是如何促进
人们分享图书的。

主要介绍了
Frank
用图片
使一次失败的南极航海活
D
动重新进入人们的视野，
让人们能够了解这次航海
的许多信息。

介绍了
4
则有关戏剧
A
的广告。分别介绍了四个
用不同语言演绎莎士比亚
戏剧的文化盛事。

作者用深情追忆了自己和
B
2017

C
Paul Newman
因为志趣相
投、信念相守的深厚的友
情。

本文比较详尽地介绍了新
型交通工具——陆空两用
汽车的独特性能和前景。

文章通过两位科学家的研
D
究发现，植被也有奇特的
自我保护和协作抗击害虫
的方式。



2016-2017
年全国高考
III
卷本专题考查分布明细统计

考点分布

年份

章节

素材话题

体裁

主旨大意

细节理解

推理判断

词义猜测

2016

A
本文通过广告的形式
介绍了几家举行音乐演出
应用文

1
10
2
2
科普说明文

说明文

记叙文

2
5
6
2
应用文

记叙文

说明文

的剧场的信息。


B
文章通过作家
Welty
一次
与朋友在外面吃饭的经
历，讲述了小说 中的人物
大多都是来自现实生活。

C
介绍了苹果节的一些情
况。

D
讨论了新闻传播的规则，
以及读者喜欢分享什么样
的文章。

A < br>介绍了旧金山消防车旅游
的四个旅游项目：旧金山
酒庄之旅，五十年代怀旧
之旅 ，万圣节幽灵之旅和
假日花灯展之旅。

B
The
Plaza
Theater
，一座
带着一座城市记忆的剧
院，由于种种原因，要面
临关门歇业。临关门前，
老板选了一部合适的老电
2017

C
影播放。伤心的观众眼含
不舍的泪水。

生物链中任何一个环
节出了 问题都会对生态造
成灾难性的破坏。黄石公
园由于人类活动导致灰狼
几近消失，幸亏当 地政府
采取措施引进灰狼，亡羊
补牢，逐渐恢复了生态平
衡。

D
主要介绍了为老年人研制
说明文





科普说明文

2
9
3
1
记叙文

应用文

议论文

说明文

记叙文

的一款电动汽车。


【考纲解读】

考试大纲

要求考生阅读
4
篇短
文，从每题所给的
4
个选
项中 选出最佳选项。题材
广泛，包括科普、社会、
文化、政治、经济等多方
面内容。体裁多 样，以记
叙文、议论文、说明文为
主。




【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]

C

Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to
celebrate
the
first
annual
International
Jazz
Day.
UNESCO(
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific
and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its
significance, and its potential as a unifying(
联合
) voice across cultures.
Despite the
celebrations, though, in the
U.S.
the jazz
audience
continues to shrink
and grow
older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change
that
. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for
jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve
its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National
Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my
generation and
younger
start
to
reconsider
and
understand
that
jazz
is
not
black
and
write
anymore.
It’s
actually
考查
主旨大意、
细节理解、
推理判断、
方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
词义猜测、
高瞻远瞩，不 可以以偏概全。


篇章结构
等题型。

要求

考纲解读

主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
和总结段落大意，主 要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
全文的基础上运 用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
color, and it’s actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music
has been lost
. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to
continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,
“Just
to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert
music,”
says
Moran.
“For
me,
it’s
the
recontextualization.
In
music,
where
does
the
emotion(情
感
)
lie?
Are
we,
as
humans,
gaining
any
insight(
感悟
)
on
how
talk
about
ourselves
and
how
something
as
abstract
as
a
Charlie
Parker
record
gets
us
into
a
dialogue
about
our
emotions
and
our
thoughts?
Sometimes
we
lose
sight
that
the
music
has
a
wider
context,”
says
Moran,
“so
I
want
to
continue
those dialogues. Those are the things I
want to foster.”

31
．
Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A
．
Exploring the Future of Jazz.
B
．
The Rise and Fall of Jazz.
C
．
The Story of a Jazz Musician.
D
．
Celebrating the Jazz Day.
【
2017
课标全国
I
卷】


[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]

C

Terrafugia Inc .said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the
company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the
Transition
–
has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The
Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per
hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour
in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $$10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go
on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the
public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it t
o show up in too many
driveways. It’s expected to cost $$279, it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The
car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann,
an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the
flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials
to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to
make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years
ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those
for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and
complete
20
hours
of
flying
time
to
be
able
to
fly
the
Transition,a
requirement

pilots
would
find
relatively
easy
to
meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s Fist Flight

’Dream Comi
ng True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality

31.
主旨大意题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构 架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成
为现实展开论述。根据“Terrafugia
Inc
.said
Monday
that
its
new
flying
car
has
completed
its
first
flight”飞车试飞成功，“But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to
making the
flying car a reality”Mann
认为
Terrafugia
研制出的飞车比任何人都更接近现实。故选
D
。

[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]

C
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.
Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone
wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray
wolves
once
were
seen
here
and
there
in
the
Yellowstone
area
and
much
of
the
continental
United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had
practically
disappeared
from
the
Yellowstone
area.
They
went
farther
north
into
the
deep
forests
of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations
—
major
food
sources
(
来源
)
for
the
wolf
–

grew
rapidly.
These
animals
consumed
large
amounts
of
vegetation
(
植被
), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations
also
grew
quickly.
The
coyotes
killed
a
large
percentage
of
the
park’
s
red
fo
xes,
and
completely
drove away the park’ s beavers.

As
early
as
1966,biologists
asked
the
government
to
consider
reintroducing
wolves
to
Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.
Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or
pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The
U.S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
carefully
monitors
and
manages
the
wolf
packs
in
Yellowstone.
Today,
the
debate
continues
over
how
well
the
gray
wolf
is
fitting
in
at
,
deer,
and
coyote
populations
are
down,
while
beavers
and
red
fores
have
made
a
comeback.
The
Yellowstone
wolf
project
has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other
parts of the country as well.
is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.