高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

2021年1月25日发(作者：秋装)
高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解



Several
years
ago,
I
began
asking
my
friends
and
family
to
tell
me
something
about
their
passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our
memory
and
the
endless
demand
to
update
them.
I
hate
them
too.
But
there
is
more
to
passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember
them, they take on secret lives.

There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to
constantly tell him not to go back. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose password
is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).

Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used
that when they forgot it, the software automatically promoted them with the right one (
password is incorrect

Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean
in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role
model and began using
for the year (2019) of the password's creation.
computer
scientist
who
loves
wordplay.
It
stood
for

next
sentence
is
true.
The
previous
sentence is false

The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood
home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout
was
a
small
boy,
he
had
to
sing
his
home
address
(4622
South
28
th

West
Avenue)
in
one
full
breath rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter (
口吃
) would embarrass him.

（
1
）
Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?

rebuild his reputation.

remind him to act legally.

fight against his poor memory.

hide the unpleasant experience.

（
2
）
What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book?

ul.

sting.

ve.

ing.

（
3
）
What might be the best title for the text?

reasons why people hate passwords.

unusual passwords.

secret lives of passwords.

best ways to make your passwords unique.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也
包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“There was a former prisoner whose passwor
d includes
what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.”
可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选
B
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role
model and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood

for ‘What would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus '19’ for
the year (2019) of the password's creation.”
可知
Cortni Kerr
读完
Sheryl Sandberg's book
的书
后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出
Cortni
Kerr
认为
Sheryl
Sandberg
的书很激励人心。
故选
D
。


（
3
）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定 密
码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项
C.
The
secret
lives
of
passwords.“
密码里
的人生秘密
”
为短文的最佳标题。故选
C
。

< br>【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求 考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出 正确答案。





2
．
Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
you have just read.

Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising.
You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.


Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise but it is important that your heart rate is not
too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while
exercising. This will
ensure that
you
are
exercising
at
a
level
that
is
safe
and
effective
for your
body.

The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart
rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:



（
1
）
Which of the following is TRUE?

se intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate.

faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.

us exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety.

target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90
–
149 BPM.

（
2
）
A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40.

His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.

A.

B.

C.

D.

（
3
）
What is the purpose of this passage?

advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.

inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.

tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.

show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，介绍了如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示
如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段
“Taking
your
pulse
during
physical
activity
allows
you
to
measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.”
及表格上的数 据可知，一个人的心率可以反映运动强度。故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据表格中给的测量心率的方法可知，此人的每分钟的心率是
40*4=1 60
，结合数据表格，年龄
34
从
35
岁那一栏可知，大于百分之< br>85
，根据图表说明可
知，属于剧烈运动，因此他的健康教练应该告诉他放慢一点。故选
C
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。文章通过告诉读者 如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何
测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。可知，文章的目的是向 人们展示如何测量心率以保持适
当的运动强度。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细 节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解


WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?

I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a
pair of pants to use? Now imagine you're an architect. Same question. Now imagine you're Bill
Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to
mind?


What
you
just
practiced-- the
conscious
act
of

another
self-is
an
exercise
that,
according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative.


One great irony (
讽刺
) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in
uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we're

or
we
aren't,
without
much
of
a
middle
ground.

just
not
a
creative
person!
a
discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for
her difficulties in math, making a comment

, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas.
He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (
陈
词滥调的
)
advice
that
urges
you
to

in
yourself.
In
fact,
you
should
do
the
opposite:
Believe you are someone else.


He
points
to
a
study
showing
the
impact
of
stereotype
on
one's
behavior.
The
authors,
psychologists
Denis
Dumas
and
Kevin
Dunbar,
divided
their
college
student
subjects
into
two
groups,
instructing
one
group
to
think
of
themselves
as

poets
and
the
other
to
imagine
they
were

librarians
The
researchers
then
presented
them
all
with
ordinary
objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many
different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas,
whereas the latter had the fewest.

These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a
and perspective

Dr. Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative
is
less
powerful
than
taking
the
brave,
creative
step
of
imagining
you
are
somebody
else. This
exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of
another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it.
According
to
Dr.
Pillay,
it works
because
it
is
an
act
of
conscious
unfocus,
a
collection
of
brain
regions
that
spring
into
action
when
you're
not
focused
on
a
specific
task
or
thought.
Most
people spend nearly half of their days in a state of
us human.


Imagining
yourself
in
a
new
situation,
or
an
entirely
new
identity,
never
felt
so
productive.
You're
making
yourself
more
creative,
and
you're
giving
yourself
permission
to
do
something
you'd otherwise feel guilty about.

（
1
）
What's the function of the questions in paragraph 1?

A. To lead in the topic.
B. To make a comparison.

C. To state an opinion.
D. To ask a favor.

（
2
）
The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves

A. creativity is an individual characteristic B. librarians are more creative than poets

C. ordinary objects can improve creativity
D. your creativity is determined by yourself

（
3
）
According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because .

A. it is an act of unconscious focus B. certain brain areas begin to act together

C. people are in a state of laziness D. all actors employ this technique

（
4
）
If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to .

A. focus on a specific task B. believe in your own talent

C. pretend to be someone else
D. turn to be right-brained

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了 一种
心理学理念
-
-
心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不 同的用法
?
并让
读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪 的骑士等等思考同
样的问题；再根据第二段
”What you just practiced
--the conscious act of
-
is an exercise that…is essential to being creative.“
可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的
-
-
有意识地

穿戴

另一个自我的行为
-
-
是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这
些问题就是为了引出下文中的

创造力

话题，

故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第六段
”These
results
suggest
that
creativity
is
not
an
individual
characteristic but a‘product of context and perspective’. Everyone can be creative, as long as he
or she feels like a creative person.“
可知
Denis Dumas
和
Kevin Dunbar
的研究结果表明创造力
不是个体特征，而是
环境和视角的产物

。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己
是一个 有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的
”
According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of
conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused
on a specific task or thought.“
可知据 皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种
有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特 定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就
起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工 作，故选
B
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
”He
believes
that
the
key
to
unlocking
your
creative
potential
is
to
challenge
the
stereotyped
(
陈词滥调的
)
advice
that
urges
you
to
‘believe
in
yourself.’ In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“
可知想象自己处在
一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的 身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造
力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己 有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想
象成另外一个人。故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准确 捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解

Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out
of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking
over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.

Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief
executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big
part in urban settings.


Nearly
40,000
people
died
last
year
in
this
nation
in
automobile-related
accidents,
and
we
believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.


Makes
sense.
Robot
drivers
are
less
likely
to
get
drunk,
drive
without
a
license,
text
while
driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly
sensitive
cars
will
react,
with
walkers
constantly
dashing
into
the
street.
Will
they
jam
on
the
brakes every 10 seconds?


But
there's
a
bigger
picture.
Not
only
are
robots
replacing
humans
behind
the
wheel,
but
behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over
in the workplace.

The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs?
A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing
melody.
The
lyrics
might
be
a
different
story.
Is
a
Grammy-winning
song
co- written
by
Hank
Human and R-3071 in our future?

Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates.
Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with
the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.

Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in
a landslide.

（
1
）
What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?

A. Tired B. Cautious C. Careful D. Anxious

（
2
）
What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?

A. How passengers behave in it.
B. How robot drivers get the license.

C. How they avoid crashing into other car.
D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street.

（
3
）
The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s ________.

A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards
B. eagerness to listen to songs written by
robots

C.
doubt about robots’ ability to write songs

D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs

（
4
）
What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Robots will control the world in every field
B. Robots are coming but not soon enough

C. Robots are being used in our daily life D. Robots can drive cars and write music

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文谈论机器人 是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无
人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用 ，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学
技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（
1
）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句
“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”
可知， 作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以
agitated
应意为
“
焦
虑的
”
，相当于
anxious
，故选
D
。

（
2
）细节理解。根据第四段中
on
the
other
hand,
I
wonder
how
these
highly
sensitive
cars
will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.
可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的
汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选
D
。

（
3
）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反 映了作者的什么看法，根据本
段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来 机器人肯定会
写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选
A
。

（
4
）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的
“it’s
too
bad
such
technology
isn’
t
available
in
2016”
可知 ，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，
B
项反映了作者的看法，概
括了文章内容。故 选
B
。

【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么 样的论据进行怎样的
分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确 定关
键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。


5
．
阅读理解

One of the main decisions you must make when traveling is deciding where to stay. A place to
stay
can
often
make
or
break
a
holiday.
Whether
you
are
looking
for
a
classy
hotel
or
a
night
under the stars, we can guide you through your different options.

Bed and Breakfast

An English invention, bed and breakfasts, offers exactly what they suggest, a bed for the night
and breakfast in the morning. “B&Bs”
，
are usually someone's private home, often found in the
countryside.

Hostels


For
those
traveling
on
a
tight
budget,
hostels
are
the
best
accommodation
option.
Informal
places usually with a lovely relaxed atmosphere, they offer dormitory beds for rent. Bathrooms
are usually down the hall.

Remember to check reviews by previous guests online before you book your hostel.

Couch Surfing


An
unusual
but
interesting
option,
couch(
沙发
)
surfing
is
a
growing
trend
among
young
internationals.
The
idea
is
that
you
become
a
member
of
the
online
couch-surfing
community
(www. couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel, look up other members in that country and
ask
to
stay
on
their
couch.
Most
hosts
will
suggest
sightseeing
trips
and
take
you
out
in
the
evening, making it a great way to see things that aren't in your guidebook. And remember, it may
be free but don't forget to offer to buy your host a drink or dinner.

Camping

Sleeping under the stars! For budget travelers staying at camping grounds is the cheapest way
to travel. The drawback is having to carry a tent with you. Camping grounds can be found across
Europe, America and Australia. However, if you intend on camping in busy cities check first where
the nearest place for camping is. More often than not, they are on the edge of cities, which can
mean lengthy bus rides into town when you want to eat or see the sights.

（
1
）
What will hostels provide for budget travelers?

A. A positive experience. B. Dormitory beds for sale.

C. Reviews by previous guests. D. Beds and private bathrooms.

（
2
）
What is the advantage of couch surfing?

A. You can have a couch to sleep on.
B. You don't have to pay any money.

C. You can explore the nightlife there.
D. The host will share the expense with you.

（
3
）
What is the disadvantage of camping?

A. Sleeping in the open air. B. Taking some extra articles.

C. Camping near big cities. D. Using public transportation.

（
4
）
What may the four alternatives have in common?

A. They help you save money. B. They help you make friends.

C. They offer you good reviews. D. They offer you nice views.

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用 文，为手头资金紧张的出门旅游者介绍了四种住宿方
式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆、青年旅舍、睡沙发旅行 和露宿，并介绍了各自的优点和不足
之处。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据Hostels
部分中的
“Informal
places
usually
with
a
lovely
relaxed
atmosphere”
可知，这些非正式的场所给你一种轻松愉快的氛围，会让你有一次积极 的体
验。故选
A
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据
Couch
Surfing
部分中的
“Most
hosts
will
suggest
sightseeing
trips
and
take you out in the evening, making it a great wa
y to see things that aren't in your guideboo k.”
可
知，到旅游时寻找这样的家庭，主人给你提供自家的沙发代替旅馆，在夜晚，主人会带 你
出去转悠，你能看见在旅游指南上找不到的东西。故选
C
。

(3 )
考查推理判断。最后一节谈到露宿，说它能让你在星空下睡觉，不方便的地方是你出门
时得带 着帐篷，要额外携带一些物品。故选
B
。

(4)
考查推理判断。本 文介绍了四种经济的出行方式：住宿兼次日早餐的旅馆，青年旅舍，
睡沙发旅行和露宿。从各部分的介绍 看，这四种选择都不像旅馆那么贵，可以帮你省钱。
故选
A
。

【点 评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进
行逻辑推理，从而选 出正确答案。



6
．
阅读理解


Here
is
a
record
of
the
discussion
about
AI
(artificial
intelligence)
conducted
by
several
scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it
will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology
and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will
happen
if
machines
become
more
intelligent
than
humans.
They
may
help
us,
ignore
us
or
destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that
is true will be partly up to us.


Scientist
B:
I
have
to
admit
that
the
potential
consequences
of
creating
something
that
can
match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers
how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off
and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we
would
be
quickly
substituted.
In
the
short
term,
there is
the
danger
that robots
will
take
over
millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-
scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.
In
the
long
term
machines
might
decide
the
world
would
be
better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a
terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military
machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little
human
input.
The
next
step
will
be
autonomous
“murderbots”
following
orders
but
finally
deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous
for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

（
1
）
What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers can't think by themselves.

C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I
launched
the
campaign
to
Stop
Killer
Robots.
B. We
forget
the
movie
image
of
a
terrifying Terminator.

C.
“Murderbots”
can't
decide
by
themselves.

D.
“Murderbots”
will
be
against
humans'
orders.

（
3
）
Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.
B. The employment will be affected by
AI technology in the future.

C.
“Murderbots” will
follow the
orders
of
their
manufacturers
in
the
wars.

D. All
the
three
scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（
4
）
Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A B. Scientist B C. Scientists B & C D. Scientists B & A

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take
over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean
large-
scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.”
可知，科学家
B
担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失
业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选
C
。

(2)
考查代词指代。由画线句 上文内容可知，自主的
“
杀人机器人
”
是否服从人类的命令，这
将决 定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的
this
指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德
的，非常危险的。故选
D
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的
“In
the
short
term,
there
is
the
danger
that
robots
will
take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.
”
可知，机器
人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选
B
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“I
tend
to
believe
AI
will
have
a
positive
influence
on
our
future lives”
可知，科学家
A
认为人工智能积极因素比消极因 素多；根据第三段中的
“there is
the
danger
that
robots
will
take
over
millions
of
human
jobs,
creating
a
large
underclass
of
unemployed
people.
This
could
mean
large-
scale
poverty
and
social
unrest.”
和第四段中的
“It
seems
clear
to
me
that
this
would
be
extremely
dangerous
for
humans.
We
need
to
be
very
cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”
可知，科学家
B
和科学家
C
认为 人工智能
消极因素比积极因素多。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及 细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上 ，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，从而选出正确答案。



7
．
阅读理解

Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-
class citizens.

As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among
one hundred
chicken
faces
and
recognize
familiar
individuals
even
after
months
of
separation.
When
given
problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give
up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends,
and mourn when those friend die.

Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at
Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the
O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's.
Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the
pigs
walked
only
toward
the
O-shirted
people:
they had
transferred
their
knowledge
to
a
two-
dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.


I've
been
guilty
of
prejudiced
expectations,
myself.
At
the
start
of
my
career
almost
four
decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.
They're other primates(
灵长目动物
), after all, animals from our own mammalian(
灵长目动物
)
class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters
of
cultural
learning,
and
elephants
express
profound
joy
and
mourning
with
their
social
companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in
our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in
laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme
parks.

Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish,
chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of
an ethical (
伦理的
) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to
catch up with the development of our science?

Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what
about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to
make changes in who we eat?

（
1
）
According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of .

A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction

（
2
）
The research into pigs shows that pigs .

A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight

C. can build up a good relationship D. can apply knowledge to new situations

（
3
）
Paragraph 4 is mainly about .

A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on
mammals

C. a
change
in
people's
attitudes
towards
animals
D. a
discovery
of
how
animals
express
themselves

（
4
）
What might be the best title for the passage?

A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals

C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论 文，论述了动物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能
力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens tra
ined
to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly
later
(and
better)
one”
可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理： 例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训
练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些
(而且更好
)
的食物奖励。由此
可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故选
B
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Pigs
respond
meaningful
to
hu
man
symbols.
When
a
research
team
led
by
Candace
Croney
at
Penn
State
University
carried
wooden
blocks
marked
with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon
ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts
printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had
transferred their knowledge to a two-
dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”
可知，一些研究者拿着带
X
标记的木板，一 些研究者拿着带
O
标记的木板，只有拿带
O
标
记木板的研究者给猪提 供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带
X
和
O
标记
的 衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带
O
标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维
的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。故选
D
。

(3)
考查段落大意。根据第四段中的
“At
the
start
of
my
career
almost
four
decades
ago,
I
was
firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out- feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came
to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and
elephants
express
profound
joy
and
mourning
with
their
social
companions.
Long-term
studies…helped
to
fuel
a
viewpoint
shift
in
our
society:
the
public
no
longer
so
easily
accepts
monkeys
made
to
undergo
painful
procedure
kin
laboratories,
elephants
forced
to
perform
in
circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”
可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和 猩
猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也
是文 化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转
变：我们不再认为猴子 只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚
只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很 明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故选
C
。

(4)
考查 主旨大意。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：
我们对某些动物的看法 正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科
学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备 分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转
变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想 ，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食
物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的 。故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断。段落大意和主旨大意三个题型 的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出 正确答
案。



8
．
阅读理解


Come
to
the
AG
Society's
expedition
(
探险
)
program
and
you
will
surely
get
unique
experiences!

SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA

11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE

Dairen Jew and his team are your hosts for an
The AG Society is partnering with APT to present
unforgettable
AG
Society
adventure,
filled
an exciting voyage along the Kimberley coastline
with
in-water
meetings
with
humpback
from
Broome
to
Darwin.
Expedition
cruising
whales
(
座头鲸
)
in
the
Kingdom
of
Tonga's
offers the easiest way to explore the Kimberley.
group of islands.

WHO: Darren Jew's Whales Underwater

DATES: 26 September-4 October 2018

COST: $$ 5,450 per person

BOOKINGS:
Call
,
Guests
on
this
11-day
voyage
will
go
ashore,
explore
natural
wonders,
meet
traditional
owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.

WHO: APT

email
DATES: 6-16 September 2018

BOOKINGS: Visit

AG DKVIL ARK FXPEDITION

reservations @ or visit
COST: $$ 13,395 per person



LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG

The AG Society offers you a chance to hunt for
Come and join Tim Faulkner for a unique hands-
fossils (
化石
). Guided by experts, you'll go to
on
experience
with
this
Tasmanian
devil
(
袋獾
)
special
locations,
seeking
new
fossils
for
the
feeding program in the beautiful Barrington Tops
collections of the Australian Opal Centre. Your
of
NSW.
You'll
get
to
see
devils
up
close
as
you
discoveries
will
further
establish
these
assist
with
feeding
individuals.
In
addition
to
museum collections as a world-class scientific
working
with
the
animals,
there'll
be
and cultural resource. There are also a series
opportunities
to
explore
the
area's
natural
of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur
treasures and spot local wildlife. Don't miss your
hunting and new dinosaurs.

WHO: Australian Opal Centre

DATES: 20-25 August 2018

activities and lunches and dinners

chance
to
get
involved
in
this
important
conservation effort.

WHO: Devil Ark

COST: $$ 1,750 per person

COST:
$$
2,200
per
person,
including
all
DATES: 24-26 November 2018

BOOKINGS:
Call
,
email
dig
@
BOOKINGS:
Call
,
email
info@

or
visit
australian
. au or visit . au

opalcentre. com

（
1
）
If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG, you can ________.

A. go to seek new fossils individually
B. learn something about mining history

C. collect the world-class scientific fossils
D. become an expert and go to special locations

（
2
）
What can you do if you take part in AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION?

A. Help protect wildlife.
B. Learn about dinosaurs.

C. Watch humpback whales. D. Enjoy an exciting voyage.

（
3
）
Which program will you choose if you want to enjoy rock art?

A. AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION.
B. LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG.

C. 11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE. D. SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了
AG
协会的四个远征 计划的具体信息。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据
If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG
部分中的
“There are also a
series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosau rs.”
可知，有一系
列关于采矿史、化石、恐龙狩猎和新恐龙的讲座。故选
B
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第四个小框
“AG
DEVIL
ARK
EXPEDITION
中的
there'll
be
opportunities
to
explore
the
area's
natural
treasures
and
spot
local
wildlife.
Don't
miss
your
chance
to
get
involved
in
this
important
conservation
effort.”
可知，有机会探索该地区的自然宝藏和 当地野
生动物，还会有参与这项重要的保护野生动植物的机会。故选
A
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据
11-DAY
KIMBERLEY
COAST
CRUISE
部分中的
“Guests
on
this
11
-day
voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot
wildlife.”
可知，如果你想欣赏摇滚艺术的话，就选
11-DAY
KIMBERLEY
COAST
CRUISE
。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解 题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。



9
．
阅读理解


Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to
stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and
then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.

According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a
new
material
that
can
store
solar
energy
during
the
day
and
release
it
later
as
heat.
This
transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or
clothing.

Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it
—
during daylight. For the sun to
become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up
for
use
during
nighttime
and
stormy
days.
Most
such
efforts
have
focused
on
storing
and
recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey
Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly
efficient method for storing the sun's energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as
heat.

The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the
form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no
matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can
keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules
can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (
触发
)by a very specific temperature or
something else, the molecules return to their original shape , giving off heat in the process.


Such
chemically-based
storage
materials,
known
as
Solar
Thermal
Fuels(STF),
have
been
developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not
able to make durable (
耐用的
) solid-state films. The new approach is the first based on a solid-
state
material,
in
this
case
a
polymer,
and
the
first
based
on
inexpensive
materials
and
widespread production technology.

（
1
）
What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?

show the main idea of the passage.

practice readers' imagination.

interest readers in the passage.

introduce a new kind of material.

（
2
）
According to the passage, what can the polymer film do?

can be made into window glass.

can make necessary electricity.

can store energy and release sunshine.

can absorb sunshine and give off heat.

（
3
）
According to the passage, what is STF based on?

chemical reaction.

movement of heat.

form of electricity.

physical reaction.

（
4
）
What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?

is less expensive.

is very powerful.

is easily available.

is less changeable.

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并 储存
热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段
“Imagine
your
clothing
could
release
enough
heat
to
keep
you
warm
and
cozy,
allowing
you
to
stay
comfortable
in
a
cooler
room.
Or,
picture
a
car
windshield
that
stores
the
sun's
energy
and
then
releases
it
as
heat
to
make
the
ice
on
the
windshield disappear. ”
想象一下你的衣服可以释 放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在
冰冷的房间里保持舒适。或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以 储存太阳的能量，然后释放
热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失
)
可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡 风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能
够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事， 以此来吸引对着
对本文的兴趣。故选
C
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“thanks
to
a
new
material
that
can
store
solar
energy
during
the
day
and
release
it
later
as
heat.
This
transparent
polymer
film
could
be
applied
to
many different surfaces, such as
window glass or clothing. ”
多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热
能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或
服装< br>)
可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。故选
D
。

（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“Such
chemically
-based
storage
materials,
known
as
Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. ”
这种以化学 反应为基础的储存材料，
即太阳能热燃料
(STF)
，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知 ，
STF
是以化学反应为基础。故选
A
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“But heat will disappear over time no matter how good
the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy
in
a
stable
molecular
configuration.
”
但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物 质有
多好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中
)
可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。故选
D
。


【 点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信 息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


10
．
阅读理解

LIANG TAO sold 80 pink Givenchy bags in 12 minutes. Becky Fang sold 100 Mini Cooper cars in
just five. Both are wanghong, literally “red
-
hot on the web”. Every day millions of Chinese search
social
media
for
wanghong
posts
or
tune
in
to
live-streams
for
wanghong's
opinions
on
everything.
The
fans
are
helping
this
new
Chinese
Internet
star
to
make
money
out
of
their
popularity
—
and to shake up the country's e-commerce industry in the process.

A few of wanghong have been hired by luxury brands. Jaeger-LeCoultre, a Swiss watchmaker,
hired Papi Jiang for a video ad targeting young urbanites (
都市人
), including her 27m fans on Sina
Weibo, a Twitter-like microblog. Zhang Yi of iiMedia Research, a consulting firm, estimates that up
to 15% of sales on shopping sites like Taobao or social- media apps such as WeChat are influenced
by
wanghong's
public
support.
The
length
of
a
dress
might
be
decided
by
a
survey
of
a
wanghong's fans; its launch date might be based on the number of hits, shares or comments it
collects, some of which can cause last-minute design changes.

This poses a new challenge for retailers(
零售商
), whose supply chains must respond ever more
quickly
to
wanghong's
opinions.
Whereas
previously
a
company
would
look
for
a
celebrity
to
match its image, wanghong and their admirers are shaping goods.

Another challenge comes directly from wanghong themselves. They increasingly make money
not merely from online support or advice but by launching their own e-commerce stores. Sales of
goods
accounted
for
just
under
half
of
wanghong
earnings
of
53bn
yuan
($$8bn)
in
2016,
estimates Analysys, a Chinese market-research firm (the rest came mostly from live-show tips and
adverts).

Some wanghong are going a step further. In November Becky Fang launched her own clothing
line. Part of her motivation, she says, was that the brands she supported did not always match
the trends she was sharing with her followers. By creating her own brand, Becky's Fantasy, she
have
full
control
of
the
quality.
She
also
gains
a
new
income.
For
the
time
being
only
3-5%
of
wanghong follow Becky Fang's example, iiMedia Research estimates. But it expects the model to
become
an
industry
in
its
own
right,
including
entertainment
and
e-commerce,
and
driven
by
online data.

（
1
）
Why can wanghong use their popularity to make money?

A. Because they are Internet stars.
B. Because they use social media.

C. Because
their
opinions
influence
fans.
D. Because
they
can
shake
the
e-commerce
industry.

（
2
）
What is the characteristic of the products supported by wanghong?

A. It is fans-based.
B. It is social-media-based.

C. It is design-shared. D. It is youth-targeted.

（
3
）
What are the challenges for retailers?

A. Online support and advice.
B. Increasing sales of goods online.

C. Quick responses to the market changes.
D. Wanghong's opinions and e-commerce stores.

（
4
）
Why do some wanghong create their own brands?

A. Because
they
want
to
attract
more
fans.
B. Because
they
want
to
share
with
their
followers.

C. Because they want to set up a new industry model.
D. Because the brands they speak for
can't satisfy their fans.

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻 报道，介绍了网红正在利用自身的人气帮助一些品牌销
售，在这个过程中撼动中国的电子商务行业。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Both
are
wanghong,
literally
‘red
-
hot
on
the
web’.
Every
day
millions
of
Chinese
search
social
media
for
wanghong
posts
or
tune
in
to
live- streams
for
wanghong's opinions on everything. The fans are helping this new Chinese Internet star to make
money out of their popul arity”
可知，网红会利用自己的人气赚钱，那是因为他们的观点影响
着粉丝。故选
C
。