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CHAPTER SIX
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1603
——
1688)
ical background:
The Stuart: James first (1603
—
1625)
His son Charles I
(1625
—
1649)
Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell (1649
——
1660)
Charles II, the son of Charles I (1660
——
1665)
James II, the brother of Charles II (1665
——
1688)
1
）
Causes of revolution
Lack of ruling skills
Worsening relationship between the parliament and the monarch
Puritans’s dissatisfaction and fear of persecution
2
）
Processes of revolution
breaking out of the bourgeois revolution in 1642:
rejection of
Grand Remonstrance
The nature of the Lord Protector
restoration of the monarch
The Glorious Revolution in 1688
3
）
Influences of revolution
(1). supremacy of Parliament
(2). beginning of modern England
the
(3). final triumph of the principle of political liberty
4)The literary scene of the time
e of the English Renaissance:
e
of
drama
in
early
17th
century
to
the
closing
of
the
theaters in London in 1642
c.A new literary movement gathering way:
a
movement
away
from
the
ornamental
(artificial)
language,
elaborate metaphors toward plainer language
King James Bible of 1611
·
Testament: covenant between God and Hebrews
·
The Old Testament: in Hebrew
·
The New Testament: in Greek
·
Contributions:
a.
influenced the English prose by
its “biblical language”
b.
granted
ordinary
people
access
to
the
bible.
Thus
it
greatly
promoted the protestant movement.
*
Genesis
·
the first book of the Old Testament
·
Central theme:
God
creates
the
world
and
appoints
man
as
his
regent,
but
man
proves
disobedient
and
God
destroys
his
world
through
the
Flood.
The
new
post-Flood
world
is
equally
corrupt,
but
God
does
not
destroy
it,
instead
calling one
man,
Abraham,
to
be
the
seed
of
its
salvation. At God's command Abraham descends from his home into
the
land
of
Canaan,
given
to
him
by
God,
where
he
dwells
as
a
sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob.
Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son
Joseph,
the
children
of
Israel
descend
into
Egypt,
70
people
in
all
with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness.
Genesis
ends
with
Israel
in
Egypt,
ready
for
the
coming
of
Moses
and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants
with
God,
successively
narrowing
in
scope
from
all
mankind
(the
covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone.
S BACON (1561
—
1626)
1)Question:
Why
did
he,
as
Shakespeare’s
contemporary
belong to the next period?
(1)Chief figure in English prose with his Essays
(2)Aversion to medieval scholasticism
(3)Progenitor of English materialism
2)Characteristics of his works:
(1)
simple sentence structure
(2) conciseness of expression
(3) simplicity of diction
ysical Poets and Cavalier Poets
1)Metaphysical poetry
(1)Characteristics:
bold
and
ingenious
conceits,
incongruous
imagery,
complexity
of
thought, frequent use of paradox, deliberate harshness or rigidity of
expression
(2)Main themes:
Love, death and religion
(3)Chief representative:
John Donne
2)Cavalier poets
(1)Characteristics:
Courtliness, urbanity, and polish
(2)Main themes:
Love,
“
carpe diem
”
(3)Chief representative:
Ben Johnson
【
*Cavalier School
】
The characteristics:
1)The theme
2)The style:
(1)shared
many
elements
with
the
metaphysical
school
such
as
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