牛津英语八年级上册Unit1Encyclopaedias教师用

2021年1月25日发(作者：有一个问题)
Unit 1 Encyclopaedias
教师用

一

【单词】


encyclopaedia
百
科
全
书




dinosaur
恐
龙




human
人
的



Italian
意
大
利
人






perhaps
可
能
，
大
概



inventor
发
明
家


invention
发
明





musician
音
乐
家






notebook
笔记本


scientist
科学家




include
包括，包含



born
出生


even
甚至









countryside
乡村，农村






however
然而




intelligence
才智，智慧











suddenly
突然，忽然




artistic
有艺术天赋的



nobody
没有人


ability
才能，能力



fossil
化石









win
获胜，赢







dollar
美元



in

the
countryside

在乡村


human

being
人


die

out
灭绝，消失


find out
了解，弄清

go for a walk

去散步


二
【课文】

Look it up!


Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.

Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.

Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic
ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and
one,
the
Mona
Lisa,
is
perhaps
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world.
He
also
had
many
inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.

Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere
on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some
could
even
fly.

Many
dinosaurs
ate
plants.
However,
some
dinosaurs
liked
to
eat
meat.

Dinosaurs
lived
on
Earth
for
more
than
150
million
years.
Then,
suddenly,
they
all
died
out.
Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)

Module 1 Unit 1More practiceAustralia
’
s big attractions


Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.

The Big Banana

The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy
wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea
worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all
over Australia began making big things.

The Big Merino

The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can
live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to
the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in
rs can also climb up to the Big Merion
’
s head and look at the view through its
eyes.



必记短语


listen
to
听








learn
about
了解到







talk
about

谈论

in
the
countryside
在乡村，在农村











be
born
出生

human
being
人







for
example
例如




die out
灭绝，消失

at the end of
在
...
的尽头，在
...
末尾










more than
多于

used
to
过去常常












know
about
知道关于
...
的情况

one
day
有一天



be
famous for
因
.....
而出名


so much
如此多

find out
了解到，弄清




by the window
在窗户
旁边

next
to
挨着



be
interested
in
对
....
感兴趣





be
sure
确信

go
for
a
walk
去散步


in the mountains
在山上


do with
处理

in the newspaper
在报纸上








all kinds of
各

1
种各样的



a number of
许多，大量










since then
自从那时



be made up of
由
....
组成，构成

connect....to

把
....
和
.....
连接起来





三【语言点】


，人，也写作
human being
。



Dogs

can hear much better than humans.
狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。


练习：
1
）
.We are all h______beings.








2.
）
Wolves will not usually attack
（袭击
) h__________.







3
）
These robots are just like h_________.




about
获悉，得知，了解到
about
是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾 语，
about

也可
用
of
代替。



例：
We're all sorry to learn about her illness.
听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。

.I have some questions about dinosaurs. about
指代内容比较普遍

,on
暗指内容是专门的，是
学术性的


isn
’
t anybody in the room





listen
to
意为“听”
。
listen
意为“听”
，指听的过程，强调动作， 是不及物动词，不能直
接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词
to
，
to
后接名词或代词。


例：
Listen to
4.a radio programme about the
“
Human Encyclopedia
”
.

听关于
“百科全书”
的广播节目。


练习


1.
）我很高兴帮你了解中国。


I am glad to help you ______


__________China.

2.
）
2
我经常听收音机学习英语。


I
often
_____


________

_______

_______and
learn
English.

5.

Inventor
发明家




He is a famous inventor.
他是一位有名的发明家。



【拓展】
（
1
）
invent v.
发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。




Gilbert discovered electricity
，
but Edison invented the light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪
生发明了灯泡。


(2)invention n.
发明




The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
计算
机的发明标志着一个新

时代的开始。

6.
painter



paint

动词改为名词加上后缀
-er

teach- teacher








sing-singer






read-reader visit- visitor








invent-inventor


有些动词加

上
-er
或者加上
-or
变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀
-ress actor- actress










waiter-waitress











tailor-tailoress





author-authoress


7.
musician
音乐家，
可数名词。



a

piece of music
一首音乐

listen to music
听音乐


【拓展】
music
音乐，乐曲



musical
音乐的


ist
科学家



【拓展】
-ist
是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀

scient
科学
--------scientist
科学家

art
艺术
----------artist
艺术家


piano
钢琴
----------pianist
钢琴家

violin
小提琴
-------violinist
小提琴家



9.
born
出生


be
born
on
+
地点


；
be
born
in
出生于


I
was
bornin1980.
我生于
1980
年。

10.
ability
才能，能力，
复数是
abilities
，

have the ability to do sth
有能力做某事




s
可能，大概



【词语辨析】
maybe
，
perhaps
，
possible
，
probably


这四个词都意为“可能”
，但表示可
能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：


maybe
，或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语

2
中，语气比
perhaps
轻。

perhaps
，也许， 可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含
有“不大可能”的意思。


possibly
，也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表示
“无论如何
< br>之意

Probably
，很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎 完全肯定
的意思。









12.

include
包括，
包含

The price of the room includes breakfast.
房间的租金包括在

早餐在内。


【词语辨析】
include , including , included


（
1
）
include
为及物动词，意为“ 包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不
一定举出所包含的全部内容。


The price includes both house and furniture.
价钱包括房子和家
具

（
2
）
including
介词，意为“包含，包括”




There are seven people, including four men.
共有七人，包括四位男士。



（
3
）
included
为形容词，意为“包括在内的”
，常用于名词之后。它和
including
引起的短
语含义相同，
但是在句 中的词序位置不同。


Everybody

had

something to say, me included/
including
me.


nobody
没有人，
nobody
相当于

not ......
anybody.

I
saw
nobody.=I
didn't
see anybody.
我没有见到一个人。




than
后接数词，
意为
“超过，
多于


，
相当于
over

He has been ill for more than two
weeks,.
他病了俩周多。






up
查找
，
后面接名词或代词做宾语必 须放在
look
与
up
之间。


Please look it up in the
dictionary,if you don't know.
如果你不明白就请查字典。





earth
在地球上，
在世界上，
在人间，
相当于
in the world.

Dinosaurs lived on earth more
than 60 million years before human beings.
在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了
6
千多万年。


【拓展】
on earth
意为“究竟”
。一般用于疑问词后表示强调

Where on earth have you been
just now.
刚才你究竟去哪了？



+
形容词或副词原级
+as

表示双方在某个方面一样
，前一个

as
是副

词 ，其后跟形容
词或副词原级，后一个
as
是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。< br>not as +
形容词或副词
原级
+as
表示双方在某个方面不同。


We think science is as important as maths.
我们认为自
然科学和数学一样重要



I am as tall as my sister.
我和姐姐一样高。
（
tall,
形容词）



He works
as hard as me.
他工作和我同样努力。
(hard,
副词
) She sings as well as me.
她唱得和我一样好。
(well,
副词
) He is not as/so tall as me.= He is shorter than me.







to
意为“过去常常，以前常常”
，
后面接动词原形，表示过去的习

惯，只表示过
去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。

I used to be afraid of the dark.
我过去
常常怕黑。






ing
important
意为重要的事情
，
something
为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代
词
时
放
在
不
定
代
词
后
面


I
want
to
do
something
different.
我
想
做
些
不
同
的
事
。





er

及物动词，意为“记得，记住”
，
remember to do something
意为“记得去做
某事”
，
remember doing sth
意为
“记得做过某事”
。

Please remember to post the letter for me.
请记得为我邮这封信。

I
remember
telling
you
about
her.
我记得告诉过你关于她的事。





出名的，著名的，

sb +be famous for
指某人以某种知识，技能或特征出名。




sb + be famous as
指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。


in was famous for his Theory of Relativity.
爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名


Einstein was famous as a great scientist.
爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。


sw+ be famous for
指某地以某种地产而出名。

sw +be famous as
指以什么样的产地或地方出名。



This area is famous for its green tea.
这个地区以绿茶而出名。


This area is famous as a green

3
tea producing place.
这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。


21.
else < br>意为别的，其他的，
通常修饰不定代词
something
等，疑问代词
what
等，疑问副词
when
等，
else
用在这些词之后。

Who else did you see?
你还看见别人了吗？



22
.be
动词
+
形容词比较级

+than < br>表示俩者之间的比较
，意为“更
.....,
较
......
”

Our
school
is
bigger than theirs.
我们学校比他们学校大。




with
意为“处理”
，常与
what
连用，表示询问。


What are you going to do with your old books?
你打算怎么处理你的旧书。



【拓展】
deal with
意为
“解决，
应付，
处理”
后面常接
trouble
，
problem
等词，
deal with
多
与
how
连用，表示询问。


How did you deal with your book?
你怎样处理了你的书？




【巩固练习】


1.
我们将怎样处理这个问题？


What shall we _____ _____ this problem?

2.

他的头发比萨姆短。


He has _______ hair ________Sam.
24.
since then
意为“从那时起”用于现在完成时
。

Since then he has lived in Beijing.


up
意为“组成，构成”强调由几部分组成，多用于其被动形式：
be made up of.

【巩固练习】


1.
五个男学生和两个女学生组成了这个组。


Five
boy
students
and
two
girl
students ____ ________ the group.

2.
从那时起，发生了很多变化。


Many changes have taken place ______

__________.

25.a lot of +
可数名词复数
/
不可数名词

【巩固练习】


1.
地上有许多蚂蚁。


There
are
________
________
_________
ants
on
the
ground.

在超市里有各种各样的事物。


There
are
_____
_________

__________foods
in
the
supermarket.

sb to do sth
帮助某人做某事


Help ab with sth......

She often helps me to study English.=She often helps me with my English.
Help oneself to ..........

Can
’
t help doing .....She can
’
t help laughing.




四

易混词组辨析

【词汇辨析】
win
和
beat

win

赢，获胜后面接
match, game
等名词做宾语

He won a prize yesterday.
他昨天得了一个
奖。



beat
也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能

接表示 人的词做宾语，此外，
beat
还有
“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。

We weren't sure we could beat them.
我们没有把握
能打败他们。

His heart is still beating.
他的心脏还在跳动。


【巩固训练】



What an exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team________Shanghai Shenhua.
A. won



































【词汇辨析】
find out
、
find
和
look for

find out
意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。


find
强调经

过寻找后的结果，
表示
“发现”

I find a watch on the road.
我在路上发现了一块
表。



find out
意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真
相或结论”


We shall find out the truth early or later.
我们迟早会查明真相。


look for
意为
“寻找”
着重找的过程。


I look for my cat,but I didn't find it.
我到处找我的猫，

4