意大利 中英双语介绍

2021年1月25日发(作者：530是什么意思)
意大利

中英双语介绍




Geography



Italy is a country in southern Europe. It comprises a boot- shaped peninsula and
two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, and shares its
northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The
independent countries of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italian
territory. Together with its two main islands Sicily and Sardinia it creates distinct
bodies of water, such as the Adriatic Sea to the north- east, the Ionian Sea to the south-
east, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the south-west and finally the Ligurian Sea to the north-
west.

The Apennine mountains form the backbone of this peninsula, leading north-west to
where they join the Alps, the mountain range that then forms an arc enclosing Italy
from the north. Here is also found a large alluvial plain, the Po-Venetian plain,
drained by the Po River and its many tributaries flowing down from the Alps,
Apennines and Dolomites. Other well-known rivers include the Tiber, Adige and
Arno.

Its highest point is Mont Blanc at 4,810m. Italy is more typically associated with two
famous volcanoes: the currently dormant Vesuvius near Naples and the very active
Etna on Sicily.




地理




意大利是位于欧洲南部的国家，它包括一个长靴形的半岛和地中海的两个
大岛，即西西里岛和撒丁岛
,
北方的阿尔卑斯山边界毗邻法国、瑞士、奥地利和
斯洛文尼亚。

圣马力诺和梵蒂冈两个独立的国家被包围在意大利领土中。

连
同它的两个主要的岛屿，形成了一些明显的水系，例如东北部的亚得里亚海，
东南部的爱奥 尼亚海，西南部的伊特鲁里亚海和西北部的利古里亚海。



亚平宁山脉

（
Apennine mountains
）构成了半岛的骨架
,
向西北方向一直延
伸到阿尔卑斯山脉，然后形成弧状从北方围绕着这个国家。

同时也有一个大的
冲积平原，波河
-
威尼斯平原
,
被波河和它的许多支流冲积而成，

这些河流来自
于阿尔卑斯山脉、亚平宁山脉和道罗迈特

(Dolomites)
。

还包括其他一些著名
的河流，如台伯河、阿迪杰河以及亚诺河。



该国家最高点是位于
4810
米

的勃朗峰

（
Mont Blanc
）
。

意大利有两个著
名 的火山：一个是位于那不勒斯并在目前处于休眠状态维苏威火山，另一个是
位于西西里岛上的活火山埃特 纳火山

（
Etna
）
。


Education System

Duration of compulsory education is from the age of 6 to 15. Elementary education
lasts for five years. Secondary education covers eight years, divided into three years
lower secondary, followed by five years
secondary courses consist of classical, scientific, artistic, technical, vocational and
teacher training options. Classical secondary school is a five-year course, with
emphasis on the Humanities, but with scientific subjects in the second cycle.
Scientific secondary school, also a five-year course, provides more specialized
preparation in scientific subjects. The language secondary school focuses on the study
of foreign languages together with the corresponding literature and civilization. The
technical upper secondary programmes are offered by the Technical Institutes and last
for five years. V
ocational secondary education is provided by the various Professional
Institutes. All these programmes used to lead to different types of professional
Diploma which was the minimum admission requirement to university studies, as well
as to most programmes at non-university institutions of higher education.

Higher education is provided by universities, technical universities, university
institutes, and by a wide range of academies, higher institutes/schools, especially, but
not exclusively, in the artistic sector, and by a number of professional training
institutions in a variety of fields related to commerce, e-technologies, fashion,
industry, etc. The majority of the existing university institutions were established
directly by the State, while a limited number, were set up by private entities,
recognised by the relevant Ministry.