-
阅读理解之细节理解题解题技法
此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词 ，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出
正确答案。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍， 把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、
否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、 对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相
对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常见的考查题型 有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和
正误判断题。
一、题型特点
(
一
)
细节理解题常见设问方式
1
．特殊疑问句形式。以
when, where, what, which, who, how much/many
等疑问词引出的问题。
2
．判断是非形式。含有
TRUE/FALSE, NOT true
或EXCEPT
等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中
是否含有否定词，如
not , never
等。
3
．以
“According to ...”
开头的提问形式。
4
．填空形式。如
The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
(
二
)
细节理解题正确选项特征
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把
lose one's job
换成了
be out of work
。
同义替换
有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把
important
变换成
of
importance
；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
正话反说
原文原词
(
三
)
细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴
无中生有
曲解文意
颠倒是非
正误参半
一．直接信息题
考生可以采取
“
关键 词定位法
”
，即
“
带着问题找答案
”
的方法，通过定位找题 眼。先从题干中提取关键性
词语
(
题眼
)
，然后以此为线索，运用略 读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快
速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然 后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解
细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题 流程如下：
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
部分正确，部分错误。
第一步：依据题干信息，择定位关键词
细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的 考查
,
且题目相对简单
,
所以
,
不必通篇细读全文
,
可先通过
题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词
,< br>即问题的核心信息
第二步：依据关键词
,
回原文定位信息进行比对
确定了定位关键词 后
,
运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题于有关的关键词
,
回到原文 进行信
息定位
,
然后将选项内容与原文信息比对
,
得出正确答案。< br>
例子
1
…
I found the pre-
holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-
used things, and it worked.
Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother
was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used
when
we
promised
to
put
the
money
into
her
school
fund
(
基金
)
(our
kindergarten
daughter
is
serious
about
becoming a doctor)
．
…
33
．
What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A
．
Saving up for her holiday.
B
．
Raising money for a poor girl.
C
．
Adding the money to her fund.
D
．
Giving the money to a sick mother.
[
解题示范
]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键
题干中的关键词：
Georgia, sell, objects
定位：用
Georgia
，
sell
，
objects寻读，在文中找到信息源
——
She chose to sell a few
锁信息
larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her
school fund (
基金
) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
第二步：比对定答案
选项
A
B
C
D
选项意思
为她的假期储蓄。
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
把钱放入她的基金。
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
定位
曲解文意
曲解文意
同义替换
无中生有
[
分析
]
选
C
比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基
金；选项和原文中均出现
fund
一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选
C
。
随堂练习
2020
江苏高考
Some important dates in China’s fighting Covid
-19 before May 7,2020
Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (
向外的
) traffic restrictions.
Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.
Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020
Jan 27: The Central Steering (
指导
) Group arrived in Wuhan.
Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (
出院
) patients
exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.
Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their
public health emergency response level.
Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020
Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in
Beijing.
Mar 11-17: The epidemic (
流行病
) peak had passed in China as a whole.
56. What happened between January 20 and February 20?
A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.
B. The WHO- China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.
C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.
D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.
二．间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础 上进行改造。此类题目需要考生
将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工 或整理。
例子
2…
Of
the
common
berries,
strawberries
are
highest
in
vitamin
C,
although,
because
of
their
seeds,
raspberries
contain a little more protein (
蛋白质
), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (
抗氧化物质
). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we
turn
into
vitamin
A
and
which
are
antioxidants.
As
for
cherries
(
樱桃
),
they
are
so
delicious
who
cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24
．
What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A
．
They contain protein.
B
．
They are high in vitamin A.
C
．
They have a pleasant taste.
D
．
They are rich in antioxidants.
[
解题示范
]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键
锁信息
题干中的关键词：
cherries
定位：用
cherries
寻读，在文中找到信息源
——
As for cherries (
樱桃
), they are so
delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
第二步：比对定答案
选项
A
B
C
D
选项意思
它们含有蛋白质。
它们富含维生素
A
。
它们口感好。
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
定位
张冠李戴
张冠李戴
同义替换
张冠李戴
[
分析
]
选
C
根据该段最后一句
“As for ch
erries (
樱桃
), they are so delicious who cares? However, they
are rich in vitamin C
．
”
可知，
原文中的
they are so delicious
被替换成选项中的
They have a pleasant taste
，
为间接细节理解题。故选
C
。
随堂练习
2020
江苏高考
Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institu
tions and objects that represent
their country’s past
-age-
old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
.............................................. .................................................. .................................................. .......................................
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I “like what they are to people,
and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.
58. The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.
A. to form a beautiful sight of the city
B. to improve telecommunications services
C. to remind people of a historical period
D. to meet the requirement of green economy
三．概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概 括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选
项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首 先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言
去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然 后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答
案。
例子
3…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa
2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
median number (
中位数
) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by
fewer people than that.
…
30
．
How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A
．
About 6,800.
C
．
About 2,400.
[
解题示范
]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键
题干中的关键词：
6,000
定位：用
6,000
寻读，在文中找到信息源
——
The median number (
中位数
) of
锁信息
speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken
by fewer people than that.
第二步：比对定答案
选项
A
B
C
D
选项意思
大约
6 800
种。
大约
3 400
种。
大约
2 400
种。
大约
1 200
种。
原文意思
6 800
为现在世界现存语言数量。
世界语言总量的一半即为
3 400
。
2 400
为非洲语言数量。
数字
1 200
在原文中没有出现，
也无法做
出有效归纳。
定位
张冠李戴
信息归纳
张冠李戴
无中生有
B
．
About 3,400.
D
．
About 1,200.
[
分析
]
选
B
根据本段第一句
“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”
可知，目前世界上有
大约
6 800
种语言；再根据最后一句
“The median number (
中位数
) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which
means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”
可知，目前世界上一半的语
言的使用人数少于
6
000
，也就是说有大约
3
400
种语言的使用人数少于
6
000
。根据以上数据的归
纳概括可知
B
项为正确选项。
随堂练习
2020
江苏高考
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott,
the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets,
the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to
the junkyards.
59. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?
A. They were not well-designed.
C. They had too short a history.
随堂训练
请选择以下设误方式
(
张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半
)
或正确选项特征
(
原文原
词、同义替换、信息归纳、正话反说
)
填入下表的
“
诊断”
一栏中。
1
．
(
原文节选
)Shortly after the war, my brother and I were invited to spend a few days with an uncle who had
just
returned
from
had
rented
a
cottage
in
the
country,
although
he
rarely
spent
much
time
understood the reason for this after our arrival: the cottage had no comfortable furniture in it, many of the windows
were broken and the roof leaked, making the whole house damp.
Why did the uncle seldom spend much time in the country cottage?
选项
A
B
C
D
2
．
(
原文节选
)In
between
running
one
of
the
world's
largest
charitable
agencies
and
acting
as
Microsoft's
technology advisor, Bill Gates manages to find time to read books, both long and Gates
—
who has been
labeled a “greedy” reader —
has released a list of his favorite of the books are standout reads, according
to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.
The books mentioned in the text are all about ________.
选项
A
charity in the world
诊断
张冠李戴
Because the roof of the cottage was falling.
Because the cottage was in bad condition.
Because he was used to living abroad.
Because there was no furniture in it.
诊断
曲解文意
信息归纳
曲解文意
颠倒是非
B. They provided bad services.
D. They lost to new technologies.
B
C
D
business and economy
poverty in the world
Bill Gates' life experiences
原文原词
无中生有
无中生有
3
．
(
原文节选
)The hut was warm and quite comfortable was a stove, and some bread and beer on
a each side of the hut was a round hole like a window, which could be closed with a piece of
air holes were usually kept open when the stove was burning, because too much smoke in a small, airless hut could
kill the shepherd.
The function of the round holes was ________.
选项
A
B
C
D
高考精练
一
2020
江苏高考
Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent
their country’s past
-age-
old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (
废品场
), the phone
boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have
reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator
machines (
除颤器
).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott,
the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets,
the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to
the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the
job to remove phone boxes from the
streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and
selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed
诊断
无中生有
_
曲解文意
曲解文意
_
信息归纳
to let the sunshine in
to warm the hut
to keep the smoke out
to air the hut
as historic buildings.
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and
villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often
just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a
lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates
repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of
the boxes generated around $$13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $$400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I “l
ike what they are to people,
and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.
58. The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.
A. to form a beautiful sight of the city
B. to improve telecommunications services
C. to remind people of a historical period
D. to meet the requirement of green economy
59. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?
A. They were not well-designed.
C. They had too short a history.
B. They provided bad services.
D. They lost to new technologies.
60. The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ______.
A. their new appearance and lower prices
C. their changed roles and functions
B. the push of the local organizations
D. the big funding of the businessmen
二
2019
江苏高考
请认真阅读下列短文
,
从短文后各题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中
,
选出最佳选项
,
并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。
A
Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly
memorable.
High energy
If
you
desire
physical
activities,
you
can
choose activities from swimming to horse riding.
Explore the heights
with
Go
Ape,
the
high
wire
forest
adventure
course,
or
journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern. And don’t forget:
we
are
surrounded
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
High minded
Buxton
is
justifiably
proud
of
its
cultural
life
and
you’
ll
find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera
House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.
There
are
plenty
of
opportunities
for
the
creative
person
to
become
involved,
including
workshops
and
events.
Keeping the kids happy
Children love the small train and playgrounds in the
Pavilion Gardens and there’s plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum. There’s a new
indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday
periods
56. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pole’s Cavern.
C. Buxton Museum.
B. Pavilion Gardens.
D. Green Man Gallery.
57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.
A. rides in small trains
B. courses in modem arts
D. basic courses in horse riding
三
2018
江苏高考
请认真阅读下列短文
,
从短文后各题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中
,
选出最佳选项
,
并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
C. artistic and cultural activities
A
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028
211-535-7710
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hours
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and
the first Monday in May.
Admission
$$25.00
recommended
for
adults,
$$12.00
recommended
for
students,
includes
the
Main
Building and The Cloisters(
回廊）
on the same day; free for children under 12 with an
adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and
family/children's programs are free with admission.
Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted
to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive
collection
consists
of
masterworks
in
sculpture,
colored
glass,
and
precious
objects
from
Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours: Open 7 days a week.
March-October 10:00-17:15
November- February 10:00-16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $$12.
B. $$37.
C. $$ 50.
D. $$ 62
57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.
四
2017
江苏高考
CHRONOLOGICA
——
The Unbelievable Years that Defined History
D
ID
Y
OU
K
NOW
…
∷
In 105AD paper was invented in China?
∷
When Columbus discovered the New World?
∷
The British Museum opened in 1759?
C
HRONOLOGICA
is
a
fascinating
journey
through
time,
from
the
foundation
of
Rome
to
the
creation
of
the
internet. Along the way are tales of kings and queens, hot air balloons… and monkeys in space.
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor
wasn’t always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer
Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.
C
HRONOLOGICA
opens all the year round
B. its collections date from the Middle Ages
has a modern European-style garden
sells excellent European glass collections
is
an
informative
and
entertaining
tour
into
history,
beautifully
illustrated
and
full
of
unbelievable facts. While C
HRONOLOGICA
tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and
Alexander the Great, this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer
Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to
present even the biggest history lover with something new!
56. What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next?
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
本文更新与2021-01-25 22:31，由作者提供，不代表本网站立场，转载请注明出处：https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/567455.html
-
上一篇：26个英文字母在单词中的主要发音
下一篇：26个英文字母的象形意义