这四种从句合称名词性从句。它们在主句中充当主语表语

2021年1月25日发(作者：红衣服)
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用，这四种从句合称名词性从句。它
们在主句中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语，都不能用逗号与主句分开。

■
主语从句

1
、定义：先找到句子的谓语，主句的谓语前面的从句，叫做主语从句。

Why he left wasn't important.(wasn't
是主句的谓语动词，
why he left
做主语从句
)
That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.(may have been due
是主句的谓语动词，
that she became an artist
做主语从句
)
2
．主语从句能用
it
作形式 上的主语。常以
it
作形式主语的句型有
(
注意：从句不一定是由
t hat
引导，也可
由其他词引导
)
：

A. It+be+
形容词
(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable,
etc.)+that
从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B. It+be+
名词词组
(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
从句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that ou
r team should have won the game.
我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C. It+be+
过去分词
(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that
从句。如：

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D. It+seem, happen
等不及物动词及短语
+that
从句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice
似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.
碰巧我那天外出了。

E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+
连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F.
当
that
引导的主语 从句出现在疑问句中时，要以
it
作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗？

G
.
当主语从句 出现在感叹句中时，要以
it
作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！

H.
更多例句：


It is strange that he knows nothing about it.
It is a pity that he can't swim.
It happened that he wasn't in that day.
It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.
It's a puzzle how life began.
It doesn't matter much where we live.
Is it known where he went
？

It is uncertain whether the game will be held.
3.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况


(1) if
引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。


(2) It is said , (reported) …
结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：


It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs…
结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：


It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …
结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：


It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (righ
t)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5)
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：


Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4.
谓语动词前面有一个句子，这个句子不一定是主语从句。经常 出现的情况是，谓语动词前面仅仅是一个
名词作主语，只不过这个名词后面接着一个定语从句。例：
The man who you like to make friends with is my deskmate in the middle school.
■
宾语从句

1
、定义：及物动词
(
第一组
)
和介词
(
第二组
)
的后面可以接从句做宾语，叫做宾语从句。< br>
2
、借助形式宾语
it
，
that
引导的宾语从句 放在后面。
I've heard it said that you have won a scholarship.
3.
后边不能直接跟
that
从句的动词


这类动词有
Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive
等 。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用
that
引导的宾语从句。例如 ：


I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

4.
不可用
that
从句作直接宾语的动词


有些动词不可用 于
“
动词＋间接宾语＋
that
从句
“
结构中，
常 见的有
Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive,
blame, denounce, advise, congratulate
等。例如：


He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

5.
注意：

（
1
）如果宾语 从句后还有宾语补足语，则用
it
作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。

（
2
）作介词的宾语：连词
tha t
引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在
except, but, in
后。 其他一些
介词的宾语从句如果由连词
that
引导，则需用
it
先行 一步，作形式宾语。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you.
你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用
which
来引导， 而要用
what
来引导。如：

Are you sorry for what you've done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？

（
3
）某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有
sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy,
afraid, surprised, satisfied
等，连词
that
可省略。如：

I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。

I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

■
表语从句

1
、定义：系动词的后面可以接句子做表语，叫做表语从句。

The fact is that she never liked him.
That is not what I meant.
The question is who is responsible for what has happened.
She is no longer what she used to be.
2.
举例：

(1)
从属连词
that
。如：

The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2)
从属连词
whether, as, as if
。如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与十年前一样。

The question is whether they will be able to help us.
问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词
if
一般不用来引导表语从句，但
as if
却可引导表语从句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.
这都是
20
多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词
be, seem, look
等。如：

It looked as if it was going to rain.
看起来天要下雨了。

(3)
连接代词
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词

where, when, how, why
。

如：
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

3.
注意：

(1)
连词
because
可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much.
我想这是因为你做得太多。

(2)
在一些表示
“
建议、< br>劝说、
命令
”
的名词后面的表语从句中，
谓语动词用虚拟语气。
should+
动词原形表示，
should
可省略。如：

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

(3)The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.
分析：
the reason
做主语时，表语从句用
that
引导。

(4)
引导表语从句的
that
一般不省略。

■
同位语从句

1
、定义：有些名词的后面可以跟
that
引导的从句，说明这个名词的内容，这样的从句叫做同位语从句。所
以，
只有可以有内 容的名词才可以接同位语从句，
例如：
fact
，
message
，
idea
，
possibility
，
conclusion
，
thought
，
news
，
order
，
r eport
，
rumor
等等。

that
在从句中不做成分，但是不能省略。

He had the feeling that he would not see her again.I've come to the conclusion that it won't be wise to do so.
2
、有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。

The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.
that
引导的同位语从句修饰
the rumor
，但是主句
The rumor spread
太短，如果把后面的同位语从句放在
the
rumor
后面，主语太长，给人头重脚轻的感觉。

3
、在少数情 况下，名词性从句的其他关联词也可以引导同位语从句。但
if
不可以引导同位语从句。

You have no idea how worried I was.
I have no idea why she left.
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
在学习名词性从句时注意下面四点：

一、名词性从句要用陈述语序，也就是说：①名 词性从句的关联词做主语的话，关联词后面接谓语动词；
②名词性从句的关联词不做主语的话，关联词后 面接从句的主语和谓语。

①
I don't know who broke the window.(
宾语从句中关联词
who
做主语，
broke是谓语动词
)
②
The little boy told his mother where he found the coin.(
宾语从句中关联词
wh ere
不做主语，
where
后面接主
谓部分
he found)
二、感叹句做名词性从句时语序不做变化

Don't you know how excited I was then
？

三、时态的呼应

某些 从句
(
特别是宾语从句
)
中的动词时态，常受主句谓语时态的制约。

①如果主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语可以不受影响。例如：

Has he told you when he received the gift
？

Will you tell me how you two are getting along
？

②如果主语谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语一般要跟着改为相关的过去时。

I
didn't
know
where
they

thought
he
was
working
for
the

him
how
long
he
had
been
waiting.
③但是，当宾语从句表示永恒真理时谓语可以不变：
This proved that the earth is round.
四、当
and
连接两个
that
引导的宾语从句时，
and
后面的
that
不可以省略

She promised (that) she would come and see him sometimes and that she would never forget him.
句中的第一个
that
可以省略，为了清楚地表示出第二个
that
引导的是 宾语从句，第二个
that
不省略。

五．否定转移

1
）将
think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine
等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的
谓语动词 用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：



I don't think I know you.

我想我并不认识你。



I don' t believe he will come.

我相信他不回来。


注意：若谓语动词为
hope,
宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如：



I hope you weren't ill.
我想你没有生病吧。


2
）将
seem, appear
等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如：



It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。



It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。


3
）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如：



I
don't
remember
having
ever
seen
such
a
man.

我记得从未见过这样一个人。（
not
否定动名词短语

having…
）



It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（
anyone
作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）


4
）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如：



The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.

（否定状语）

蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。



He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.
（否定
because
状语）


他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。



She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.
（否定状语
many weeks
）

她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。


考点聚焦
:
1
、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词
that / whether / as if
，连接代词
what / who/ which / whose / whatever /
whoever / whomever / whichever
，连接副词
where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever
。

（
1
）
that
的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用
that
但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词
tha t
有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中
that
不能省略：

（
A
）

当
that
从句和主句谓语动词之间有插 入词语，
that
不可省略；

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.
（
B
）当
that
从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，
that
不能省；

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
（
C）当
that
作介词宾语时，
that
不可省掉。如：

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
(D)that
从句位于句首时，
that
不可省略。

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

③
that
和
what
的区别。

(1)that
引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而
what
引 导名词性
从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分。如：

It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.

(2) what
作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问
“
什么
……
？
”
的问题，

也可以表示相当于< br>“
名词
/
代词＋关系代词引导的定语从句
”
结构的意思，
这种特殊用法在语法上被称作
“
关系代词型的
what”
，

注意体会如下例句：
He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago.
他不是几年前的他了。
// This is
what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City.
这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。
// What (=the place that) is now
the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。
// Our income
is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago.
我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。
// The color of the
flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning.
花朵
(
现在的
)
颜色与它早上的颜色不同。

④同位语从句与定语从句中
that
的区别。

同位语从句中的连词
that
只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词
th at
在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词
th at
而不能用
which.
同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或 内容，
如以下名词：
news
、
fact
、
suggest ion
、
truth
、
plan
、
belief
、
doubt
、
possibility
、
idea
等，而定 语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(
同位语从句
)
The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.
（定语从句）


（
2
）
whether
和
if
的用法。

①
whether
和
if
在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时 连接词一般用
whether
。如：

It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟
or not
时用
whether
。如：

I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用
whether
。如：

Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④
whether
可以引导同位语从句， 用以说明前面的名词的内容，
if
不能。如：

We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
⑤
whether
常与
or
连用表示一种选 择，
if
不能这样用；
whether
也可与动词不定式连用但
if
不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用
whether
不用
if
。如：

Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.

⑦
whether
可引导一个让步状语从句表示
“
不管
”
、
“
无论
”
，而
if
不能 。如：

Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
（
3
）疑问词

+ ever
和
no matter +
疑问词的区别。

①疑问词

+ ever
可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词

+ ever
还可引导让步状语从句。如：

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③
no matter +
疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：

No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
（
4
）
when
和
where
引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when
和
where
前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则
when
和
where
引导的是定语从句，否则
则为同位语从句。如：

They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
2
、名词性从句中主句和从句的单复数

主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由
and
连接两 个或两个以上的
主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词 用单数。如：

When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.

2010
年高考英语试题分类汇编
——
名词性从句

35.
We
should
respect
food
and
th
ink
about
the
people
who
don’t
have






we
have
here
and
treat
food
nicely.A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether


35. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew








she was so angry.





A. where










B. whether









C. that












D. why


14. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know








it takes to start a business here.
A. how






B. what






C. When


D. which

33.









some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.